Kungani izingane zimnene kakhulu nge-COVID-19? Ososayensi bathole ukuhola okubalulekile

Kungani izingane zibonakala zenza kangcono nge-COVID-19 kunabantu abadala? Lo mbuzo odokotela nososayensi bebelokhu bezibuza cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kobhubhane lwe-coronavirus. Abacwaningi baseStanford University e-US basanda kumemezela ukuthi bathole impendulo engaba khona. Ukutholwa kwabo kwanyatheliswa iphephabhuku lesayensi elihlonishwayo elithi “Science”.

1. Izingane zayo yonke iminyaka zingathola i-COVID-19, kodwa ngokuvamile ziba nezimpawu ezithambile noma ezingenazo nhlobo
2. Ucwaningo: Igazi elaqoqwa ezinganeni ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane lalinama-B cell amaningi akwazi ukubopha i-SARS-CoV-2 kunegazi labantu abadala. Lokhu kwenzeke ngaphandle kokuthi izingane bezingakavezwa yile coronavirus
3. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuchayeka ngaphambilini ku-coronavirus yomuntu (ebangela umkhuhlane) kungase kukhuthaze ukuzivikela komzimba, nokuthi lezi zinhlobo zokusabela kwe-clonal zingase zibe nemvamisa ephezulu kakhulu ebuntwaneni.
4. Imininingwane eyengeziwe nge-coronavirus ingatholakala ekhasini lasekhaya le-TvoiLokony

I-COVID-19 ezinganeni. Iningi lithola ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus kancane

Kakade ekuqaleni kobhubhane lwe-SARS-CoV-2, kwaqashelwa ukuthi izingane zazinokutheleleka okungenamandla nge-coronavirus - izimpawu ze-COVID-19 zazihlale zingekho noma izimpawu zazithambile.

Kuyafaneleka ukubhekisela lapha olwazini mayelana namacala avame kakhulu e-COVID-19 phakathi kwezingane. - Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abaningi eqenjini lezingane kanye nentsha banezimpawu ezithile ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-coronavirus ye-SARS-CoV-2. Kodwa-ke, akulona iqiniso futhi angikuqapheli esibhedlela sami ukuthi izifundo ezinzima ze-COVID-19 kuleli qembu leminyaka zikhula ngokushesha - kusho uProf. Magdalena Marczyńska, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo ezinganeni. Udokotela ukugcizelele ukuthi iningi lezingane lisathelelekile kancane nge-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

IMayo Clinic ehlonishwayo nayo ikhomba lokhu ekuxhumaneni kwayo (inhlangano yenza ucwaningo nemisebenzi yomtholampilo, kanye nokunakekelwa kwesiguli okudidiyelwe). Njengoba ebika ku-mayoclinic.org, izingane zayo yonke iminyaka zingaba ne-COVID-19, kodwa ngokuvamile ziba nezimpawu ezithambile noma ezingenazo nhlobo.

1. Izingane ziyithola kanjani i-COVID-19 futhi ziyini izimpawu zazo?

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ososayensi bebezama ukwembula le mfihlakalo cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane. Incazelo engenzeka yatholwa ososayensi base-American Stanford University. Zamenyezelwa ngo-Ephreli 12 kuSayensi, elinye lamajenali esayensi ahlonishwayo. Ababhali baveza ukuthi lezi zifundo zisesigabeni sazo sokuqala, kodwa zingachaza ukuthi kungani izingane zinenguquko ethambile ye-COVID-19.

Kungani Izingane Zingcono Nge-COVID-19?

Ekufuneni kwabo impendulo yalo mbuzo ongenhla, ngokuqinisekile ososayensi bagxila esimisweni sokuzivikela komzimba. Futhi, eqinisweni, bathola into engaba nesibopho (okungenani ingxenye) yenkambo elula ye-COVID-19 ezinganeni. Kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni.

Amasosha omzimba ahlanganisa: amangqamuzana afana ne-B lymphocyte (aqaphela "isitha", akhiqiza amasosha omzimba), ama-lymphocyte T (ahlonze futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana atheleleke ngegciwane) kanye nama-macrophages (abhubhise ama-microorganisms namanye amangqamuzana angaphandle). Nokho, ososayensi bayaqaphela ukuthi lokhu akusho ukuthi sonke sinesethi efanayo yamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba. «Ama-lymphocyte e-B anesibopho sokukhumbula amagciwane imizimba yethu eke yahlangana nawo ngaphambili, ngakho angakwazi ukukuxwayisa uma ephinda ewathola. Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izifo esesivele zivezwe kuzo nokuthi ama-receptors agcina lokhu >> inkumbulo << shintsha futhi uguqule, ngamunye wethu unezinhlobonhlobo >> ezihlukahlukene << zamangqamuzana omzimba "- ososayensi bayachaza.

1. Ama-lymphocyte - indima emzimbeni kanye nokuphambuka kokujwayelekile [ICHAZWA]

Khumbula ukuthi umsebenzi we-receptor wenziwa amasosha omzimba (ama-immunoglobulins) akhona ebusweni be-lymphocyte B. Bayakwazi ukubophezela ku-antigen/pathogen enikeziwe (i-antibody ngayinye ibona i-antigen ethile), okubangela ukusabela komzimba ngokumelene nayo (uchungechunge lokusabela kokuzivikela).

Benakho konke lokhu engqondweni, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseStanford bahlaziya ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba ahluke kanjani kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa nokuthi angashintsha kanjani ukuphila komuntu konke. Bathole ukuthi igazi elaqoqwa ezinganeni ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane laliqukethe amaseli e-B amaningi angabopha ku-SARS-CoV-2 kunasegazini labantu abadala. Lokhu kwenzeke yize izingane bezingakangeni kulo leli gciwane. Kwenzeka kanjani?

I-COVID-19 ezinganeni. Asebenza kanjani amasosha omzimba?

Abacwaningi bachaza ukuthi ama-receptors okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla akhelwe 'kumgogodla' ofanayo owaziwa ngokuthi ukulandelana kwe-immunoglobulin. Kodwa-ke, zingashintsha noma ziguqule, zenze uhla lonke lwama-receptors akwazi ukucekela phansi amagciwane umzimba ongakabhekana nawo. Sithinta lapha umqondo walokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-cross resistance. Ngenxa yenkumbulo yama-lymphocyte, ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba kuyashesha futhi kunamandla lapho uphinda uthintana ne-antigen. Uma ukusabela okunjalo kwenzeka esimweni sokutheleleka nge-pathogen efanayo, i-cross-resistance ngqo.

Eqinisweni, lapho ososayensi bebheka ama-B-cell receptors ezinganeni, bathola ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala, banama-clones amaningi aqondise amagciwane kanye nama-bacteria asevele ehlangene nawo. Amaseli B engeziwe aphinde abonwa ezinganeni, futhi 'angakwazi ukushintsha' ukuze asebenze ngokumelene ne-SARS-CoV-2 ngaphandle kokuhlangana nayo kuqala.

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba ezingane adluliselwa kangcono ezinhlobonhlobo zama-antigen ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-coronavirus ehlukile, engeyona eyingozi kakhulu kunaleyo ebhekene nalolu bhubhane lwamanje (khumbula ukuthi ama-coronavirus anesibopho. cishe amaphesenti angu-10-20 emikhuhlane). 'Sicabanga ukuthi ukuchayeka ngaphambi kwe-coronavirus yomuntu kungavuselela ukungatheleleki komzimba nokuthi izimpendulo ezinjalo ze-clonal zingase zivame kakhulu ebuntwaneni,' kuphetha abacwaningi, begcizelela ukuthi 'izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba ezinganeni zibaluleke kakhulu njengoba zakha inkumbulo yokuqala. Ama-lymphocyte B, akha izimpendulo zokuzivikela zomzimba zesikhathi esizayo ».

Okokugcina, abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseStanford baveza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ziningi izici ezenza izingane ngokuvamile zibe nezimpawu ezithambile ze-COVID-19. Okutholakele kwabo, nokho, kwembule enye imfihlakalo, kunikeze ukuqonda ngokuguquguquka kwe-B-cell yengane kanye nendima yakho ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba esikhathini esizayo.

Ungase ube nentshisekelo ku-:

1. Izingane eziningi zinesikhathi esinzima se-COVID-19. Olunye uphawu luphawuleka ngokukhethekile
2. I-COVID-19 ingadala izinkinga zegilo
3. Bayanda abesifazane abakhulelwe abathelelekayo. Kwenzekani lapho owesifazane okhulelwe egula nge-COVID-19?

Okuqukethwe kuwebhusayithi ye-medTvoiLokony kuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa, hhayi esikhundleni, ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzisi Wewebhusayithi nodokotela wabo. Isizindalwazi senzelwe izinjongo zokwazisa kanye nezokufundisa kuphela. Ngaphambi kokulandela ulwazi olukhethekile, ikakhulukazi izeluleko zezokwelapha, eziqukethwe kuWebhusayithi yethu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela. Umlawuli akanazo imiphumela ebangelwa ukusetshenziswa kolwazi oluqukethwe kuWebhusayithi. Ingabe udinga ukubonisana nodokotela noma incwadi kadokotela? Iya ku-halodoctor.pl, lapho uzothola khona usizo lwe-inthanethi - ngokushesha, ngokuphepha futhi ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho.Manje ungasebenzisa i-e-consultation futhi mahhala ngaphansi kweSikhwama Sezempilo Sikazwelonke.