Ikhowe elimhlophe (Boletus edulis)

Okuhlelekile:
  • Isigaba: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
  • Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu: I-Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
  • Ikilasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
  • Isigaba esingaphansi: I-Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
  • I-oda: Boletales (Boletales)
  • Umndeni: Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
  • Uhlobo: Boletus
  • Uhlobo: I-Boletus edulis (Cep)

I-Porcini (I-t. I-Boletus edulis) iyikhowe eliphuma kuhlobo lwe-boletus.

umugqa:

Umbala we-cap ye-porcini mushroom, kuye ngezimo ezikhulayo, uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kumnyama omnyama, ngezinye izikhathi (ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zikaphayini ne-spruce) nge-tint ebomvu. Ukwakheka kwekepisi ekuqaleni ku-hemispherical, kamuva kumise okwe-cushion, i-convex, kunenyama kakhulu, kuze kufike ku-25 cm ububanzi. Ingaphezulu le-cap libushelelezi, li-velvety kancane. I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, iminyene, ayishintshi umbala lapho iphukile, cishe ayinaphunga, inokunambitheka okumnandi kwe-nutty.

Umlenze:

Ikhowe le-porcini linomlenze omkhulu kakhulu, ofinyelela ku-20 cm ukuphakama, kuze kufike ku-5 cm ubukhulu, ukuqina, i-cylindrical, enwetshiwe phansi, emhlophe noma ekhanyayo, enephethini ye-mesh ekhanyayo engxenyeni engenhla. Njengomthetho, ingxenye ebalulekile yomlenze ingaphansi komhlaba, kudoti.

Isendlalelo se-Spore:

Iqala ibe mhlophe, bese iphenduka ibe phuzi futhi ibe luhlaza ngokulandelana. Ama-pores mancane, ayindilinga.

I-spore powder:

Olive brown.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesikhunta esimhlophe zikhula emahlathini aluhlaza, ama-coniferous naxubile kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ku-Okthoba (kancane kancane), akha i-mycorrhiza enezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla. Izithelo kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "amagagasi" (ekuqaleni kukaJuni, maphakathi noJulayi, Agasti, njll.). Igagasi lokuqala, njengomthetho, aliningi kakhulu, kuyilapho elinye lamagagasi alandelayo livame ukukhiqiza ngokungenakuqhathaniswa kunamanye.

Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi ikhowe elimhlophe (noma okungenani umthamo walo omkhulu) lihambisana ne-red fly agaric (Amanita muscaria). Okusho ukuthi, i-fly agaric yahamba - emhlophe nayo yahamba. Uyathanda noma ungathandi, uNkulunkulu uyazi.

I-Gall fungus (Tylopilus felleus)

ebusheni kubukeka njengekhowe elimhlophe (kamuva lifana ne-boletus (i-Leccinum scabrum)). Ihluke kumakhowe enyongo emhlophe ngokuyinhloko ekubabeni, okwenza leli khowa lingadleki ngokuphelele, kanye nombala ophinki we-tubular layer, ophenduka obomvana (ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi buthaka kakhulu) ngesikhathi sekhefu ngenyama kanye nephethini ye-mesh emnyama. emlenzeni. Kungaphawulwa futhi ukuthi i-pulp ye-gall fungus ihlala ihlanzekile ngokungajwayelekile futhi ayithinteki izikelemu, kuyilapho ku-porcini fungus uyaqonda ...

Isihlahla se-oki esivamile (Suillellus luridus)

kanye ne-Boletus eruthropus - ama-oki avamile, aphinde adideke nesikhunta esimhlophe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-pulp ye-porcini mushroom ayishintshi umbala, ihlale imhlophe ngisho nesobho, okungenakushiwo ngama-oki aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngokufanele kubhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu yamakhowe. Isetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Ukutshalwa kwesikhunta esimhlophe ngezimboni akusizi ngalutho, ngakho-ke kukhuliswa kuphela abalimi bamakhowe abangama-amateur.

Ukuze kutshalwe, kubalulekile okokuqala ukudala izimo zokwakheka kwe-mycorrhiza. Kusetshenziswa iziza zasendlini, lapho kutshalwa khona izihlahla ezinamaqabunga ne-coniferous, isici sendawo yokuhlala yesikhunta, noma izindawo zamahlathi emvelo zodwa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-groves amancane nokutshala (eminyakeni engu-5-10) ye-birch, i-oki, i-pine noma i-spruce.

Ekupheleni kwe-6 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-8. Ezweni Lethu, le ndlela yayivamile: amakhowe avuthwe ngokweqile ayegcinwa isikhathi esingangosuku emanzini futhi axutshwe, bese ehlungwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwatholakala ukumiswa kwezinhlamvu. Waphuzisa iziza ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Njengamanje, i-mycelium ekhule ngokwenziwa ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela, kodwa ngokuvamile kuthathwa impahla yemvelo. Ungathatha ungqimba lwe-tubular lwamakhowe avuthiwe (eminyakeni engama-20-30 ubudala), omiswe kancane futhi uhlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwenhlabathi engcolile ngezicucu ezincane. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, izinhlamvu zingavunwa ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu. Ngezinye izikhathi inhlabathi ene-mycelium ethathwe ehlathini isetshenziswa njengezithombo: indawo eyisikwele engu-10-15 cm ngosayizi kanye no-1-2 cm ukujula isikwa nxazonke zekhowe elimhlophe elitholakala ngommese obukhali. umquba wamahhashi kanye nokwengezwa okuncane kokhuni lwe-oki olubolile, ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba, uniselwe ngesisombululo se-3% se-ammonium nitrate. Khona-ke, endaweni enomthunzi, ungqimba lwenhlabathi luyasuswa futhi i-humus ifakwe ezingxenyeni ezingu-5-7, ithululela izendlalelo nomhlaba. I-Mycelium itshalwe embhedeni ophumela ekujuleni okungamasentimitha angama-XNUMX-XNUMX, umbhede uswakanyiswe futhi umbozwe ungqimba lwamaqabunga.

Isivuno sesikhunta esimhlophe sifinyelela ku-64-260 kg/ha ngesizini ngayinye.

shiya impendulo