Okuqukethwe
Ikhowe elimhlophe (Boletus edulis)
- Isigaba: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu: I-Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Ikilasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Isigaba esingaphansi: I-Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- I-oda: Boletales (Boletales)
- Umndeni: Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
- Uhlobo: Boletus
- Uhlobo: I-Boletus edulis (Cep)
I-Porcini (I-t. I-Boletus edulis) iyikhowe eliphuma kuhlobo lwe-boletus.
umugqa:
Umbala we-cap ye-porcini mushroom, kuye ngezimo ezikhulayo, uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kumnyama omnyama, ngezinye izikhathi (ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zikaphayini ne-spruce) nge-tint ebomvu. Ukwakheka kwekepisi ekuqaleni ku-hemispherical, kamuva kumise okwe-cushion, i-convex, kunenyama kakhulu, kuze kufike ku-25 cm ububanzi. Ingaphezulu le-cap libushelelezi, li-velvety kancane. I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, iminyene, ayishintshi umbala lapho iphukile, cishe ayinaphunga, inokunambitheka okumnandi kwe-nutty.
Umlenze:
Ikhowe le-porcini linomlenze omkhulu kakhulu, ofinyelela ku-20 cm ukuphakama, kuze kufike ku-5 cm ubukhulu, ukuqina, i-cylindrical, enwetshiwe phansi, emhlophe noma ekhanyayo, enephethini ye-mesh ekhanyayo engxenyeni engenhla. Njengomthetho, ingxenye ebalulekile yomlenze ingaphansi komhlaba, kudoti.
Isendlalelo se-Spore:
Iqala ibe mhlophe, bese iphenduka ibe phuzi futhi ibe luhlaza ngokulandelana. Ama-pores mancane, ayindilinga.
I-spore powder:
Olive brown.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesikhunta esimhlophe zikhula emahlathini aluhlaza, ama-coniferous naxubile kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ku-Okthoba (kancane kancane), akha i-mycorrhiza enezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla. Izithelo kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "amagagasi" (ekuqaleni kukaJuni, maphakathi noJulayi, Agasti, njll.). Igagasi lokuqala, njengomthetho, aliningi kakhulu, kuyilapho elinye lamagagasi alandelayo livame ukukhiqiza ngokungenakuqhathaniswa kunamanye.
I-Gall fungus (Tylopilus felleus)
ebusheni kubukeka njengekhowe elimhlophe (kamuva lifana ne-boletus (i-Leccinum scabrum)). Ihluke kumakhowe enyongo emhlophe ngokuyinhloko ekubabeni, okwenza leli khowa lingadleki ngokuphelele, kanye nombala ophinki we-tubular layer, ophenduka obomvana (ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi buthaka kakhulu) ngesikhathi sekhefu ngenyama kanye nephethini ye-mesh emnyama. emlenzeni. Kungaphawulwa futhi ukuthi i-pulp ye-gall fungus ihlala ihlanzekile ngokungajwayelekile futhi ayithinteki izikelemu, kuyilapho ku-porcini fungus uyaqonda ...
Isihlahla se-oki esivamile (Suillellus luridus)
kanye ne-Boletus eruthropus - ama-oki avamile, aphinde adideke nesikhunta esimhlophe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-pulp ye-porcini mushroom ayishintshi umbala, ihlale imhlophe ngisho nesobho, okungenakushiwo ngama-oki aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngokufanele kubhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu yamakhowe. Isetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ukutshalwa kwesikhunta esimhlophe ngezimboni akusizi ngalutho, ngakho-ke kukhuliswa kuphela abalimi bamakhowe abangama-amateur.
Ukuze kutshalwe, kubalulekile okokuqala ukudala izimo zokwakheka kwe-mycorrhiza. Kusetshenziswa iziza zasendlini, lapho kutshalwa khona izihlahla ezinamaqabunga ne-coniferous, isici sendawo yokuhlala yesikhunta, noma izindawo zamahlathi emvelo zodwa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-groves amancane nokutshala (eminyakeni engu-5-10) ye-birch, i-oki, i-pine noma i-spruce.
Ekupheleni kwe-6 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-8. Ezweni Lethu, le ndlela yayivamile: amakhowe avuthwe ngokweqile ayegcinwa isikhathi esingangosuku emanzini futhi axutshwe, bese ehlungwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwatholakala ukumiswa kwezinhlamvu. Waphuzisa iziza ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Njengamanje, i-mycelium ekhule ngokwenziwa ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela, kodwa ngokuvamile kuthathwa impahla yemvelo. Ungathatha ungqimba lwe-tubular lwamakhowe avuthiwe (eminyakeni engama-20-30 ubudala), omiswe kancane futhi uhlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwenhlabathi engcolile ngezicucu ezincane. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, izinhlamvu zingavunwa ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu. Ngezinye izikhathi inhlabathi ene-mycelium ethathwe ehlathini isetshenziswa njengezithombo: indawo eyisikwele engu-10-15 cm ngosayizi kanye no-1-2 cm ukujula isikwa nxazonke zekhowe elimhlophe elitholakala ngommese obukhali. umquba wamahhashi kanye nokwengezwa okuncane kokhuni lwe-oki olubolile, ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba, uniselwe ngesisombululo se-3% se-ammonium nitrate. Khona-ke, endaweni enomthunzi, ungqimba lwenhlabathi luyasuswa futhi i-humus ifakwe ezingxenyeni ezingu-5-7, ithululela izendlalelo nomhlaba. I-Mycelium itshalwe embhedeni ophumela ekujuleni okungamasentimitha angama-XNUMX-XNUMX, umbhede uswakanyiswe futhi umbozwe ungqimba lwamaqabunga.
Isivuno sesikhunta esimhlophe sifinyelela ku-64-260 kg/ha ngesizini ngayinye.