I-atelectasis yamaphaphu wukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuvinjwa noma ukucindezelwa kwangaphandle kwe-bronchi, okwenza ingxenye noma lonke iphaphu lingabi nalutho. Abantu abanalesi simo bangase babe nobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula uma i-atelectasis inzima. Bangase futhi babe nenyumoniya. Nakuba ngokuvamile i-asymptomatic, i-atelectasis kwezinye izimo ingabangela i-hypoxemia, okungukuthi, ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo othwala igazi nobuhlungu besifuba. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukususa okuvalekile emigudwini yokuphefumula nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuthathwa umoya ojulile.

I-atelectasis yamaphaphu ihambisana nokuwa okubuyisela emuva kwe-alveoli yamaphaphu, ngokuncipha kwevolumu, kulandela ukungabikho komoya, kuyilapho ukujikeleza kwegazi kuvamile lapho. Kuvela ekuvinjweni okuphelele kwe-bronchus noma ama-bronchioles afaka umoya wengxenye ethintekayo. I-Atelectasis ingabandakanya wonke amaphaphu, i-lobe noma izingxenye.

I-atelectasis yamaphaphu ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwangaphakathi kwenye ye-bronchi eyinhloko evela kuqhoqhoqho futhi eholela ngqo esicutshini samaphaphu.

• umzimba wangaphandle ohogeliwe, njengethebhulethi, ukudla noma ithoyizi;
• isimila;
• ipulaki yamafinyila.

I-Atelectasis ingase futhi ibangelwe yi-bronchus ecindezelwe ngaphandle:

• isimila esiyingozi noma esiyingozi;
• i-lymphadenopathy (i-lymph node eyanda ngosayizi);
• i-pleural effusion (ukunqwabelana okungavamile koketshezi emgodini we-pleural, okuyindawo ephakathi kwamaphaphu nesifuba);
• i-pneumothorax (ukuqoqwa komoya okungavamile emgodini we-pleural).

I-Atelectasis ingase ibe yesibili ekungeneleleni kokuhlinzwa okudinga intubation, noma isikhundla sokulala, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezikhuluphele kanye nasezimeni ze-cardiomegaly (ukwanda okungavamile kwenhliziyo).

Okokugcina, noma yiziphi izimo noma ukungenelela okunciphisa ukuphefumula okujulile noma ukucindezela ikhono lomuntu lokukhwehlela kungakhuthaza i-pulmonary atelectasis:

• isifuba somoya;
• ukuvuvukala;
• isifo sodonga lwe-bronchial;
• i-cystic fibrosis;
• inkinga ngesikhathi sokuqeda izinzwa okuvamile (ikakhulukazi ithoracic kanye nokuhlinzwa kwesisu);
• imithamo ephezulu yama-opioid noma ama-sedative;
• isifuba noma ubuhlungu besisu.

Abantu abakhuluphele kakhulu noma abakhuluphele kakhulu basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-atelectasis.

Ngaphezu kokubonakala kwe-dyspnea, okungukuthi ubunzima bokuphefumula, ne-hypoxemia, okungukuthi ukwehla kwenani le-oksijini emithanjeni yegazi, i-pulmonary atelectasis ihlala ingabonakali kakhulu. Ukuba khona nokuqina kwe-dyspnea ne-hypoxemia kuncike ekutheni i-atelectasis ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani kanye nezinga lamaphaphu athintekile:

• uma i-atelectasis ihilela ingxenye encane yephaphu kuphela noma ikhula kancane: izimpawu ngokuvamile ziba mnene noma zingekho;
• uma inani elikhulu le-alveoli lithinteka futhi i-atelectasis yenzeka ngokushesha, i-dyspnea ingase ibe nzima futhi ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kungase kuthuthuke.

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nezinga lokuphefumula nakho kungase kunyuke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba singase sibe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokuncipha kwamazinga komoyampilo egazini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis. Izimpawu zingase futhi zibonise ukuphazamiseka okubangele i-atelectasis (isibonelo, ubuhlungu besifuba ngenxa yokulimala) noma ukuphazamiseka okukubangela (isibonelo, ubuhlungu besifuba lapho uphefumula kakhulu, ngenxa ye-pneumonia).

Inyumoniya ingabangelwa yi-atelectasis yamaphaphu, okuholela ekukhwehleleni, i-dyspnea, nobuhlungu be-pleural.

Nakuba izimo zingavamile, i-atelectasis yamaphaphu ingaba yingozi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nasezinganeni ezincane.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekwelapheni i-atelectasis ukususa imbangela yokuvinjwa kwendlela yokuphefumula:

• ukukhwehlela ;
• ukuphefumula kwepheshana lokuphefumula;
• ukususwa kwe-bronchoscopic;
• isizinda sokuhlinzwa, i-radiotherapy, i-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa nge-laser uma kwenzeka isimila;
• ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngenhloso yokunciphisa amafinyila noma ukuvula umgudu wokuphefumula (i-nebulization ye-alphadornase, i-bronchodilators), uma kwenzeka ukuxhunywa kwamafinyila okuqhubekayo.

Lesi sinyathelo sokuqala singaphelezelwa:

• ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen;
• i-thoracic physiotherapy ukusiza ukugcina umoya omncane kanye nokukhishwa kwezimfihlo;
• amasu okwandisa amaphaphu njengokukhwehlela okuqondisiwe;
• izivivinyo zokuphefumula ezijulile;
• ukusetshenziswa kwe-spirometer yokukhuthaza;
• ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics uma kusolwa ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya;
• ngokungavamile, ukufakwa kwe-intubation tube (i-endotracheal intubation) kanye nokukhipha umoya ngomshini.

Uma i-atelectasis seyelashiwe, i-alveoli nengxenye yephaphu egoqiwe ivuthela kancane kancane ekubukekeni kwayo kwasekuqaleni. Uma ukwelashwa sekwephuze kakhulu noma ukuvinjwa kushiya izibazi, kuyenzeka ukuthi izindawo ezithile zonakaliswe ngendlela engenakulungiseka.