Kulolu shicilelo, sizocubungula ukuthi kuyini ukulingana kwe-arithmetic (mathematics), futhi sibhale izici zayo eziyinhloko ngezibonelo.
Incazelo yokulingana
Inkulumo yezibalo equkethe izinombolo (kanye/noma izinhlamvu) kanye nophawu olulinganayo oluluhlukanisa lube izingxenye ezimbili lubizwa ngokuthi. ukulingana kwezibalo.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zokulingana:
- Identity Zombili izingxenye ziyefana. Ngokwesibonelo:
- 5 + 12 = 13 + 4
- 3x + 9 = 3 ⋅ (x + 3)
- Isibalo - ukulingana kuyiqiniso kumanani athile ezinhlamvu eziqukethwe kuyo. Ngokwesibonelo:
- 10x + 20 = 43 + 37
- 15x + 10 = 65 + 5
Izakhiwo zokulingana
Impahla 1
Izingxenye zokulingana zingashintshwa, kuyilapho kuhlala kuyiqiniso.
Isibonelo, uma:
12x + 36 = 24 + 8x
Ngenxa yalokho:
24 + 8x = 12x + 36
Impahla 2
Ungangeza noma ukhiphe inombolo efanayo (noma isisho sezibalo) kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesibalo. Ukulingana ngeke kwephulwa.
Okusho ukuthi, uma:
a = b
Ngakho-ke:
- a + x = b + x
- a–y = b–y
izibonelo:
16 – 4 = 10 + 2 ⇒16 – 4 + 5 = 10 + 2 + 5 13x + 30 = 7x + 6x + 30 ⇒13x + 30 – y = 7x + 6x + 30 – y
Impahla 3
Uma izinhlangothi zombili zesibalo ziphindaphindeka noma zihlukaniswa ngenombolo efanayo (noma isisho sezibalo), ngeke sephulwe.
Okusho ukuthi, uma:
a = b
Ngakho-ke:
- a ⋅ x = b ⋅ x
- a :y = b:y
izibonelo:
29 + 11 = 32 + 8 ⇒(29 + 11) ⋅ 3 = (32 + 8) ⋅ 3 23x + 46 = 20 – 2 ⇒(23x + 46): y = (20 – 2): y