Imfucuza eyingozi noma enobuthi ingakhiqizwa ngemisebenzi eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ezolimo, izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi, ezokwakha, amalabhorethri, izibhedlela nezinye izimboni. Imfucuza ingaba uketshezi, iqine noma ibe sedimentary futhi iqukethe amakhemikhali, izinsimbi ezisindayo, imisebe, amagciwane noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi. Imfucuza eyingozi ikhiqizwa ngisho nawumphumela wempilo yethu evamile yansuku zonke, njengamabhethri, izinto zekhompyutha ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nopende abasele noma izibulala-zinambuzane.
Imfucumfucu enobuthi ingahlala emhlabathini, emanzini nasemoyeni futhi ilimaze abantu, izilwane nezitshalo. Obunye ubuthi, obufana ne-mercury nomthofu, buhlala endaweni ezungezile iminyaka eminingi futhi bunqwabelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izilwane nabantu abadla izinhlanzi nenyama basengozini yokumunca izinto ezinobuthi kanye nazo.
Esikhathini esidlule, imfucuza eyingozi yayingalawulwa ngokuyinhloko, okwakubangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okuphawulekayo. Manje, emazweni amaningi, kunemithetho edinga imfucumfucu eyingozi ukuba isingathwe ngokucophelela futhi ibekwe ezindaweni ezikhethwe ngokukhethekile. Izindawo eziningi zize zibe nezinsuku ezikhethekile zokuqoqwa kwemfucuza yasendlini eyingozi.
Imfucumfucu eyingozi ivamise ukugcinwa endaweni ekhethekile ezitsheni ezivaliwe emhlabathini. Imfucumfucu enobuthi obuncane enethuba elincane lokusabalala emkhathini - njengenhlabathi equkethe umthofu - ngezinye izikhathi ishiywa iphelele emthonjeni wayo futhi ivalwe ngongqimba lobumba oluqinile.
Ukulahla imfucumfucu eyingozi engalungiswanga phansi noma ezindaweni zokulahla idolobha ukuze ugweme ukukhokha imali kuphambene nomthetho futhi kungaholela ezinhlawulo ezinkulu noma ejele.
Njengamanje, kunenqwaba yemfucuza enobuthi esaqhubeka nokuba yingozi emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Ezinye izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ziyizinsalela zesikhathi esidlule lapho imfucuza enobuthi yayingalawulwa kahle, eminye iwumphumela wokulahlwa ngokungemthetho kwakamuva.
Ukulawulwa nokuphathwa kwemfucuza enobuthi
Imithetho yamazwe omhlaba ilawula ukuphathwa kwemfucuza eyingozi kanye nokugcinwa kwemfucuza eyingozi. Noma kunjalo, izishoshovu zezenhlalakahle kanye nezazi zemvelo zikhomba ngokufanelekile ukuthi, ngeshwa, imithetho emisiwe ngokuvamile ayigcinwa ngokugcwele. Ikakhulukazi, abaningi basola ohulumeni nezinkampani ngobandlululo lwemvelo uma kukhulunywa ngemfucuza enobuthi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inombolo engalingani yezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu enobuthi ivamise ukuba seduze noma ezindaweni zabantu abahola kancane noma imiphakathi yemibala, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi imiphakathi enjalo ngokuvamile inezinsiza ezimbalwa zokulwa nemisebenzi enjalo.
Ukwelashwa kwemfucuza eyingozi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi enezigaba eziningi. Kuqala ngokuvakashela isiza nokubheka ukuthi indawo ibeka engcupheni impilo yabantu noma imvelo. Kube sekuphenywa futhi kuphawulwe kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokungcola okuhlonziwe kanye nezindleko ezilinganiselwe zokuhlanza, ezingaba emashumini ezigidi futhi kuthathe amashumi eminyaka.
Umsebenzi wokuhlanza uqala lapho uhlelo seluthuthukiswa. Onjiniyela bezemvelo basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulungisa izindawo ezingcolisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwemiphongolo, amathange, noma inhlabathi; ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi; ukuhlwanyela izitshalo ezinenzuzo noma ukusabalalisa amagciwane ukuze amunce noma aphule izinto ezinobuthi. Uma umsebenzi usuqediwe, ukuqapha kanye nokuhlolwa okuhleliwe kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indawo ihlala iphephile.
Ngeshwa, singathonya isimo ngezinga elikhulu kuphela ngokucela uhulumeni nezinkampani ukuthi zilawule udoti onobuthi ngokucophelela. Kodwa okuningi kuncike komunye nomunye wethu - kufanele silahle kahle imfucuza yasendlini enobuthi ukuze sigcine indawo yezwe lethu kanye neplanethi yonke ihlanzekile futhi iphephile ngangokunokwenzeka.