Iyini iphiramidi: incazelo, izakhi, izinhlobo, izinketho zesigaba

Kule ncwadi, sizocubungula incazelo, izakhi eziyinhloko, izinhlobo kanye nezinketho ezingenzeka zesigaba sephiramidi. Ulwazi olwethulwe luhambisana nemidwebo ebonakalayo ukuze ubone kangcono.

Incazelo Yephiramidi

I-Pyramid isithombe sejometri esikhaleni; i-polyhedron equkethe isisekelo nobuso obusemaceleni (ene-vertex evamile), inombolo yayo encike enanini lamakhona esisekelo.

Qaphela: iphiramidi iyicala elikhethekile.

izakhi zephiramidi

Ngesithombe esingenhla:

• Isisekelo (quadrangle ABCD) – ubuso bomfanekiso oyi-polyhedron. Akayena owaphezulu.
• Isiqongo sephiramidi (iphuzu E) iphuzu elivamile labo bonke ubuso obusemaceleni.
• Ubuso obusemaceleni onxantathu abahlangana ku-vertex. Esimweni sethu, lokhu yilokhu: Imibandela Yokuthenga Okujwayelekile, AED, BEC и CED.
• Izimbambo eziseceleni - izinhlangothi zobuso obusemaceleni, ngaphandle kwalezo ezingaphansi. Labo. lokhu AE, BE, CE и DE.
• Ukuphakama Kwephiramidi (EF or h) - i-perpendicular yehla ukusuka phezulu kwephiramidi kuya esisekelweni sayo.
• Ubude bobuso obuseceleni (EM) – ukuphakama kukanxantathu, okuwubuso obuseceleni bomfanekiso. Ephiramidi evamile kuthiwa i-apothematic.
• Indawo engaphezulu yephiramidi indawo yesisekelo kanye nabo bonke ubuso bayo obuseceleni. Amafomula okuthola (isibalo esifanele), kanye nemibhoshongo, ethulwa ezincwadini ezihlukene.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwephiramidi - isibalo esitholwe "ngokusika" iphiramidi, okungukuthi lapho bonke ubuso bayo buqondaniswe endizeni yomunye wabo. Ukuze uthole iphiramidi evamile ye-quadrangular, ukuthuthukiswa endizeni yesisekelo kanje.

Qaphela: yethulwe encwadini ehlukile.

Ukubukwa kwesigaba sephiramidi

1. Isigaba se-diagonal - indiza yokusika idlula phezulu kwesibalo kanye ne-diagonal yesisekelo. Iphiramidi engama-quadrangular inezigaba ezimbili ezinjalo (eyodwa ku-diagonal ngayinye):

2. Uma indiza yokusika ihambisana nesisekelo sephiramidi, ihlukanisa ibe izibalo ezimbili: iphiramidi efanayo (ibala ukusuka phezulu) kanye nephiramidi encishisiwe (ibala kusukela esisekelweni). Ingxenye iyipholigoni efana nesisekelo.

Kulesi sithombe:

• amapiramidi EABCD и EA₁B₁C₁D₁ okufanayo;
• ama-quadrangles A B C D и A₁B₁C₁D₁ nazo ziyafana.

Qaphela: Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zokusika, kodwa azivamile kangako.

Izinhlobo zamaphiramidi

1. Iphiramidi evamile - isisekelo somfanekiso siyi-polygon evamile, futhi i-vertex yayo ihlotshaniswa phakathi nendawo yesisekelo. Kungaba unxantathu, i-quadrangular (esithombeni ngezansi), i-pentagonal, i-hexagonal, njll.
2. Iphiramidi enomkhawulo oseceleni obheke phansi - enye yezingxenye ezisemaceleni zesibalo itholakala endaweni efanele endizeni yesisekelo. Kulokhu, lo mkhawulo uwukuphakama kwephiramidi.
3. Iphiramidi enqanyuliwe - ingxenye yephiramidi ehlala phakathi kwesisekelo sayo kanye nendiza yokusika ehambisana nalesi sisekelo.
4. I-tetrahedron - Lona umbhoshongo ongunxantathu, ubuso bawo obunxantathu abangu-4, ngamunye ongathathwa njengesisekelo. Ingabe kulungile (njengasesithombeni esingezansi) – uma wonke amachopho elingana, okungukuthi bonke ubuso bungonxantathu abalinganayo.