Ukuhlolwa okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu kungenye yezindlela ezibekwe nguHulumeni ukulawula ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19. Cishe ngokuhlolwa kwe-PCR okucishe kube yizigidi eziyi-1,3 okwenziwa ngesonto eFrance, lolu hlobo lokuhlola lusetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni. Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa? Ingabe unokwethenjelwa? Ingabe kuyanakekelwa? Zonke izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) virological kungasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe ukuthi umuntu unalo yini igciwane ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Kuqukethe ukuhlonza ubukhona begciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 (elibhekele isifo se-Covid-19) emzimbeni womuntu, ngokuqondile emgudwini wakhe wokuphefumula ongaphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ukufaka i-swab kakotini eguquguqukayo (i-swab) ekhaleni ngalinye kuze kufike ku-nasopharynx imizuzu embalwa. Le nqubo ayijabulisi kodwa ayibuhlungu. Isampula libe selihlaziywa elabhorethri kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi “polymerase chain reaction” (PCR). Le nqubo yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona i-RNA yaleli gciwane, i-genome yalo, elibonakala ngandlela-thile. Ngokusho kweFrench National Authority for Health (HAS), isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthola i-SARS-CoV-2 RNA yizinsuku ezi-1 kuye kweziyi-7 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngaphambi noma ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR ngeke kusaba kuhle.

Ukutholakala kwemiphumela

Umphumela uvame ukutholakala phakathi kwamahora angu-36 wokuqoqwa. Kodwa ngenxa yobuningi babantu abafisa ukuhlolwa okwamanje, lesi sikhathi singase sibe side, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu.

Ngenkathi silinde imiphumela yokuhlolwa, isiguli kufanele sihlale sivalelwe ekhaya futhi sihloniphe ukuthinta kwesithiyo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kwenziwa ezikhungweni zokuhlola. Uhlu lwezikhungo ezimiswe kulo lonke elase-France luyatholakala kusayithi le-sante.fr noma esizeni se-Regional Health Agency (ARS). Engosini ye-sante.fr, abasebenzisi bangathola imininingwane yokuxhumana yephuzu ngalinye lesampula, imininingwane ngamashejuli, izikhala zabantu ababalulekile, isikhathi sokulinda, njll.

Isu lokuhlola i-Covid-19

Njengoba isu lokuhlola i-Covid-19 liye laqina kusukela ekukhishweni kokuqala (May 11, 2020), noma ubani angahlolwa namuhla. Impela kungenzeka ukuthi uhlolwe ngencwadi kadokotela noma ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela kusukela ngoJulayi 25. Kodwa, lapho ubhekene nokuminyana kwama-laboratories okuhlaziya ukwelashwa okuholela ekwandisweni kwezikhathi ezimisiwe zokwenza i-aphoyintimenti nemiphumela, uhulumeni uthathe isinqumo sokwenza ukuhlolwa. okubalulekile kubantu abathile:

• labo abanezimpawu zesifo;
• amacala okuxhumana;
• labo abanencwadi yezokwelapha;
• ubuhlengikazi noma abasebenzi abafanayo.

Kuwebhusayithi yakhe, uhulumeni ukhombisa ukuthi "kulaba babukeli, izindawo zokuhlola ezizinikele zisethiwe ezindaweni zokucwaninga".

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okuhle ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-Covid-19

Ukuhlola ukuthi une-HIV kusho ukuthi lowo muntu ungumthwali wegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2. Uma izimpawu zingekho noma uma izimpawu zingezimbi kakhulu, isiguli kufanele sihlale sodwa kuze kube yilapho silulama, okungukuthi okungenani izinsuku ezingu-7 ezigcwele ngemva kokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo kanye nezinsuku ezingu-2 ngemva kokunyamalala kwesifo. imfiva. Kukudokotela ukuthi acacise ukuphela kokuhlukaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imaski yokuhlinzwa inqunyelwe isiguli, ngesilinganiso samaski ama-2 ngosuku ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kanye nokumiswa komsebenzi kuzonikezwa uma kunesidingo ukumboza isikhathi sokuzihlukanisa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR okunezimpawu ze-Covid-19

Kubantu abahlolelwa ukuthi bane-HIV (abazimpawu zabo zingezimbi kakhulu) futhi abahlanganyela ikamelo labo, ikhishi noma izindlu zokugezela nabanye abantu, udokotela angase asikisele ukuthi baye esibhedlela esikhethekile ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa ukuze angabangcolisi.

Ekugcineni, uma kwenzeka ukuhlolwa okuqondile kumuntu obonisa izimpawu ezibucayi, ikakhulukazi ubunzima bokuphefumula, lo muntu uzolaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Esimeni sokuhlolwa kwe-PCR okunegethivu, inqubo ihlukile kuye ngecala.

Uma umuntu ehlole ngoba ebonise izimpawu ze-Covid-19, kufanele aqhubeke nokunamathela ngokuqinile ezenzweni zokuvimbela, ikakhulukazi uma ephakathi kwalabo ababhekwa njengabasengozini yokuthola leli gciwane (abantu abadala, abantu abanesifo esingamahlalakhona). isifo…). Umphumela ongemuhle usho ukuthi ubengeyena umthwali wegciwane ngesikhathi kuhlolwa kodwa hhayi ukuthi uvikelekile esifweni (usengalibamba igciwane).

Njengengxenye "yecala lokuxhumana"

Uma umuntu ehloliwe ngenxa yokuthi uhlonzwe “njengecala lokuxhumana”, kufanele ahlale yedwa kuze kube yilapho isiguli selashwa uma siphila naso futhi bobabili kufanele baphinde ukuhlolwa ezinsukwini ezingu-7 ngemva kokululama. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlolwa kwesibili okungalungile, ukuhlukaniswa kungasuswa. Uma umuntu owenze isivivinyo engahlali nomuntu ogulayo abaxhumene naye, ukuhlukaniswa kuyaphela lapho kutholwa umphumela wokuhlolwa ukuthi awunalo. Ukuthinta komzimba kanye nokugqokwa kwe-mask kusafanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR emakhaleni kuthembeke kakhulu kuze kube manje, ngezinga lokwethembeka elingaphezu kwama-80%. Nokho, kungase kube namanegethivu angamanga uma isampula lingathathwanga kahle:

• i-swab ayizange iphushwe ngokwanele emakhaleni;
• ukuhlolwa akwenziwanga ngesikhathi esifanele (phakathi kosuku loku-1 nolwe-7 ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala).

Icala lezinto ezingamanga

Kungase futhi kube nezimpawu ezingamanga (umuntu utholakala enegciwane nakuba engeyena umthwali wegciwane). Kodwa ziyivelakancane kakhulu futhi zivame ukuxhunyaniswa nenkinga nge-reagent esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kwesampula.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kubiza u-€ 54. Imbozwa ngo-100% Umshwalense Wezempilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwenza ngencwadi kadokotela noma ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Iningi lamalabhorethri akwenzayo lokhu alikhokhiswa inkokhiso kusengaphambili, ngakho-ke iziguli akudingeki zikhokhe noma yini. Nokho, ezinye izikhungo zokuhlola zingase zicele ukuqhubekisela phambili izindleko. Lokhu kubuyiselwa eshidini lokunakekela (elizothunyelwa esikhwameni sakho somshuwalense wezempilo).

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR yikhona okusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla ngoba kuthembekile kakhulu. Kepha kukhona ezinye izivivinyo zokuthola igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2:

Ukuhlolwa kwe-serological:

Benza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba egazini umzimba obungawakhiqiza lapho usabela kuleli gciwane. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kuthola amasosha omzimba kumuntu ohloliwe, lokhu kusho ukuthi ubengumthwali wegciwane, kodwa umphumela awusivumeli ukuthi sazi ukuthi ukutheleleka kuqale nini.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antigenic:

Njengokuhlolwa kwe-PCR, ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen kuhlanganisa i-nasopharyngeal swab. Kodwa ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR, ayiboni i-virus RNA kodwa amaprotheni athile egciwane abizwa nangokuthi ama-antigen. Umphumela utholakala ngokushesha kunokuhlolwa kwe-PCR ngoba isampula ayidingi ukuthunyelwa elabhorethri.

Ibekwa emgqeni oqukethe amasosha omzimba abopha ama-antigen afunekayo bese umphumela uvela phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30. Ngokusho kwe-HAS, lokhu kuhlola kuyanconywa uma ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kungatholakali, lapho ukubambezeleka kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PCR kukude kakhulu, futhi okungcono kakhulu kubantu abanezimpawu noma amacala okuthintana necala eliqinisekisiwe. (izimpawu noma cha).