Ichazwe njengokwehla kolayini abathathu begazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelets, i-pancytopenia inezimbangela eziningi ezidinga ukuphenywa. Imiphumela maqondana nempilo ibucayi ngokuvela okungenzeka kwe-anemia, ukutheleleka nokopha.

Kungencazelo ye-etymological ukusilela kwawo wonke amaseli akhona egazini. Eqinisweni, kuthinteka imigqa emithathu yamaseli egazi:

• amangqamuzana abomvu egazi;
• amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi;
• amaplatelets. 

Omunye wemisebenzi yamaseli abomvu ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo egazini, kanti amaseli amhlophe egazi ayabandakanyeka ekuzivikeleni komzimba ukulwa nezifo. Ama-platelet amangqamuzana amancane akhona futhi ahilelekile ezinkambisweni zokuvala igazi nasekuphulukiseni isilonda.

Lapho lezi zinto zeselula zincishiswa ngenani, kuvela izici eziningana zobungozi ezifana ne-anemia (ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin ethwala umoya-mpilo egazini), ukutheleleka ngenxa yokwehla kokuzivikela komzimba kanye namaseli egazi amhlophe (leukopenia), kanye nezimo ezibangela ukopha. ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lezinhlayiya zegazi egazini (thrombocytopenia).

Ziningi izimbangela. Zingaxhunywa:

• lapho kwenziwa khona la maseli (umnkantsha) ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuncishisiwe noma kuphazamiseke;
• izimbangela zezimbangela ezifana nokutheleleka (isibonelo nge-HIV noma i-AIDS);
• Ukushoda kwe-Vit B B12 (i-anemia eyingozi);
• umdlavuza wegazi kanye ne-lymph node (i-leukemia noma i-lymphoma) lapho ukwanda kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kwenzeka ngenxa yamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi nama-platelets);
• ukungasebenzi kahle kobende obukhulisiwe (hypersplenism) futhi akusewona umsebenzi wawo wokugcina nokulungisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelets;
• ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa (ama-antibiotic athile, i-colchicine, i-chemotherapy, i-phenylbutazone noma amakhemikhali (i-benzene, ama-insecticide, njll.) okungaholela ekuqothulweni komnkantsha wamathambo;
• ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi komnkantsha ongasakhiqizi amaseli egazi (myelodysplasia).

Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela ayitholakali.

Izimpawu ze-pancytopenia zihlobene nokuncipha kwenani lamaseli abomvu namhlophe egazi nama-platelets. 

I-anemia edalwa yilokhu kuncishiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ibonakala nge-pallor, ukukhathala okukhulu ngenxa yokushoda kokutholakala kwe-oxygen ezicutshini zomzimba.

Ukushoda kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kuholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene okunzima ukuzelapha nokwelapha. Ekugcineni, ukuntuleka kwama-platelet kuyimbangela yokuphuma kwegazi okuhlukahlukene, kusukela ezinsinini, emchameni, ezitulweni, kwesinye isikhathi ebuchosheni (i-cranial hematoma) okungabeka impilo engcupheni.

Kukhona nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokuba khona kwama-lymph node, ubende olukhulu, ukungaphatheki kahle ngokwehla kwengcindezi yegazi, izimpawu ezihambisana nezimbangela zepancytopenia.

Ukuxilongwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pancytopenia kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubheka inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amhlophe nama-platelets (i-Blood Formula Count noma i-CBC), ubukhona bamaseli ngokuvamile abukho egazini njengamaseli amakhulu (ukuqhuma) noma amaseli egazi. amangqamuzana egazi angavuthiwe (ama-erythroblasts…).

Izinombolo ezijwayelekile ku-NFS:

• Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (ama-erythrocyte): aphakathi kwezigidi ezine nezingu-4;
• Amaseli egazi amhlophe (ama-leukocyte): aphakathi kuka-4000 no-10;
• Amaplatelets: phakathi kuka-150 no-000.

Lezi zibalo zingahluka ngokuya ngendlela yokuhlaziya esetshenzisiwe.

I-anemia ikalwa ngezinga le-hemoglobin egazini (ngaphansi kuka-11g / l ngokwesilinganiso), imvamisa ihlotshaniswa nokwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi.

E-pancytopenia, inani lamaseli abomvu lingaphansi kwesilinganiso, nokuthi amaseli amhlophe egazi nawo (ama-neutrophils), ngaphandle kwezimo ze-leukemia lapho kuphambene kakhulu kakhulu, inani lama-platelet liphansi, lingaphansi kuka-150 (i-thrombocytopenia), kwesinye isikhathi iya ngaphansi kwama-platelet ayi-000 ngemililitha yegazi.

Ukuxilongwa nge-myelogram 

Olunye uvivinyo lwenziwa ukuqonda imbangela ye-pancytopenia: i-myelogram.

Kuzokwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuqinisekisa izinsolo zomdlavuza wegazi, ukuqapha ukuvela kwegazi elibucayi, i-thrombocytopenia… Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa esibhedlela, ezingeni lesikhungo senkaba ye-thoracic (sternum), ekusebenziseni isirinji, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-pancytopenia kuzoba imbangela nemiphumela yayo. Kungaba ukulungiswa kwe-anemia ngokumpontshelwa igazi, ukuphuma kwegazi okwenziwa ngama-platelets, ukucindezela ukutheleleka ngemithi yama-antibiotic (i-antibiotic therapy).

Uma kutholakala i-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, ukwelashwa kuzogxila kulawa mdlavuza wegazi kanye nama-lymph node. Uma kungukubamba okungasebenzi kahle, kuvame ukususwa ukuze kuqedwe imiphumela yalokhu kungasebenzi.

Ukuba khona kwezinto ezinobuthi njengezidakamizwa noma izinto zamakhemikhali kuzoholela ekwelapheni okufanele njengokumiswa ngokushesha komuthi noma imikhiqizo enobuthi eboshiwe, kanye nokwelashwa kwemiphumela yazo.

Ekugcineni, uma kungamagciwane noma amagciwane abandakanyekayo, ukwelashwa kwalezi zifo ezincanyana noma amagciwane okuzosetshenziswa.