Yiziphi izinombolo ezinengqondo

Kulolu shicilelo, sizocubungula ukuthi ziyini izinombolo ezinengqondo, ukuthi ungaziqhathanisa kanjani, futhi nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ye-arithmetic engenziwa nazo (ukwengeza, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokuchaza). Sizohambisana nethiyori enezibonelo ezingokoqobo ukuze sikuqonde kangcono.

Incazelo yenombolo ye-rational

Okunengqondo iyinombolo engamelwa njenge. Isethi yezinombolo ezinengqondo inombhalo okhethekile - Q.

Imithetho yokuqhathanisa izinombolo ezinengqondo:

1. Noma iyiphi inombolo enengqondo ephozithivu inkulu kunoziro. Kuboniswa ngophawu olukhethekile “olukhulu kuno” ">".

   Ngokwesibonelo: 5>0, 12>0, 144>0, 2098>0, njll.

2. Noma iyiphi inombolo ekhaliphile ingaphansi kukaziro. Kuboniswa uphawu "oluncane kuno". "<".

   Ngokwesibonelo: -3<0, -22<0, -164<0, -3042<0 njll.

3. Ezinombolo ezimbili ezinengqondo eziphozithivu, lena enenani eliphelele elikhulu inkulu.

   Ngokwesibonelo: 10>4, 132>26, 1216<1516 futhi т.д.

4. Ezinombolo ezimbili ezinegethivu ezinengqondo, enkulu yileyo enenani eliphelele elincane.

   Ngokwesibonelo: -3>-20, -14>-202, -54<-10 kanye т.д.

Imisebenzi ye-Arithmetic enezinombolo ezinengqondo

Ukwengezwa

1. Ukuze uthole isamba sezinombolo ezinengqondo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, mane uzihlanganise, bese ubeka uphawu lwazo phambi komphumela.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• 5 + 2 = + (5 + 2) = +7 = 7
• 13 + 8 + 4 = + (13 + 8 + 4) = +25 = 25
• -9 + (-11) = – (9 + 11) =-20
• -14 + (-53) + (-3) = - (14 + 53 + 3) =-70

Qaphela: Uma lungekho uphawu ngaphambi kwenombolo, kusho "+“, okungukuthi i-positive. Futhi kumphumela "a plus" angehliswa.

2. Ukuze uthole isamba sezinombolo ezinengqondo ezinezimpawu ezihlukene, sengeza enombolweni ene-modulus enkulu labo uphawu lwabo oluqondana nayo, bese sikhipha izinombolo ezinezimpawu eziphambene (sithatha amanani aphelele). Khona-ke, ngaphambi komphumela, sibeka uphawu lwenombolo esikhiphe kuyo yonke into.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• -6 + 4 = – (6 – 4) =-2
• 15 + (-11) = + (15 – 11) = +4 = 4
• -21 + 15 + 2 + (-4) = – (21 + 4 – 15 – 2) =-8
• 17 + (-6) + 10 + (-2) = + (17 + 10 – 6 – 2) = 19

Ukuzikhipha

Ukuthola umehluko phakathi kwezinombolo ezinengqondo ezimbili, sengeza inombolo ephambene naleyo ekhishwayo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• 9 – 4 = 9 + (-4) = 5
• 3 – 7 = 3 + (-7) = – (7 – 3) =-4

Uma kukhona ama-subtrahends amaningana, qala uhlanganise zonke izinombolo eziphozithivu, bese zonke ezinegethivu (kuhlanganise nenye encishisiwe). Ngakho, sithola izinombolo ezimbili ezinengqondo, umehluko esiwuthola kusetshenziswa i-algorithm engenhla.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• 12 – 5 – 3 = 12 – (5 + 3) = 4
• 22 – 16 – 9 = 22 – (16 + 9) = 22 - 25 = – (25 – 22) =-3

Ukuphindaphinda

Ukuthola umkhiqizo wezinombolo ezimbili ezinengqondo, mane uphindaphinde amamojula awo, bese ubeka ngaphambi komphumela owumphumela:

• uphawu "+"uma zombili izici zinesibonakaliso esifanayo;
• uphawu "-"uma izici zinezimpawu ezihlukene.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• 3 7 = 21
• -15 4 = -60

Lapho kunezici ezingaphezu kwezimbili, khona-ke:

1. Uma zonke izinombolo ziyiphozithivu, umphumela uzosayinwa. "a plus".
2. Uma kukhona kokubili izinombolo eziphozithivu nezinegethivu, lapho-ke sibala inombolo yakamuva:
   • inombolo elinganayo umphumela nge "Okuningi";
   • inombolo eyinqaba - umphumela nge "khipha".

Ngokwesibonelo:

• 5 (-4) 3 (-8) = 480
• 15 (-1) (-3) (-10) 12 = -5400

division

Njengoba endabeni yokuphindaphinda, senza isenzo ngamamojula wezinombolo, bese sibeka uphawu olufanele, sicabangela imithetho echazwe esigabeni esingenhla.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• 12:4 = 3
• 48 : (-6) = -8
• 50 : (-2) : (-5) = 5
• 128 : (-4) : (-8) : (-1) = -4

Isazi

Ukuphakamisa inombolo enengqondo a в n kuyefana nokuphindaphinda le nombolo ngokwayo nth inombolo yezikhathi. Ipelwe kanje a ⁿ.

Lapho:

• Noma yimaphi amandla enombolo ephozithivu aphumela enombolweni ephozithivu.
• Amandla alinganayo enombolo eyinegethivu athi phozithivu, amandla angajwayelekile athi negethivu.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• 2⁶ = 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 64
• -3⁴ = (-3) · (-3) · (-3) · (-3) = 81
• -6³ = (-6) · (-6) · (-6) = -216