Sihlelelwe umphumela onokuthula wezingxabano

“Ngemuva kwayo yonke impi ebhubhisayo, isintu siyazenzela isifungo: lokhu ngeke kuphinde kwenzeke. Nokho, izingxabano ezihlomile nokungqubuzana kuhlala kuyingxenye yeqiniso lethu. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi isifiso sokulwa siyisidingo sethu esingokwemvelo? Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo u-Konrad Lorenz safinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ulaka lungokwemvelo emvelweni yethu. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane, abantu ekuqaleni babengenazo izindlela ezisobala (njengamazipho noma amazinyo) zokubonisa amandla abo. Kwakumele aqhubeke nokungqubuzana nezimbangi ukuze athole ilungelo lokuhola. Ulaka njengendlela yezinto eziphilayo, ngokusho kuka-Lorenz, kwabeka izisekelo zalo lonke uhlelo lomphakathi.

Kodwa u-Lorenz ubonakala engalungile. Namuhla kusobala ukuthi kunendlela yesibili elawula ukuziphatha kwethu - ukucinga ukuyekethisa. Idlala indima ebalulekile ebudlelwaneni bethu nabanye abantu njengoba kwenza ulaka. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kufakazelwa ucwaningo lwakamuva mayelana nemikhuba yezenhlalo olwenziwa izazi ze-anthropologists uDouglas Fry noPatrik Söderberg*. Ngakho-ke, izinkawu ezinkulu ezincane zivame ukuxabana nalabo okulula ukubuyisana nabo kamuva. Bakha amasiko akhethekile okubuyisana, nawo ayingxenye yabantu. Ama-macaque ansundu agona njengophawu lobungane, izimfene zithanda ukuqabulana, kanti ama-bonobos (uhlobo lwezinkawu eziseduze kakhulu kubantu) abhekwa njengendlela enhle kakhulu yokubuyisela ubudlelwano ... ucansi. Emiphakathini eminingi yezinkawu eziphakeme kukhona "inkantolo yokulamula" - "abaxoxisi" abakhethekile lapho izingxabano ziphendukela kubo ukuze bathole usizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho zithuthukiswa kangcono izindlela zokubuyisela ubudlelwano ngemva kwengxabano, kuba lula ukuqala ukulwa futhi. Ekugcineni, umjikelezo wokulwa nokubuyisana wandisa kuphela ukubumbana kweqembu.

Funda kabanzi:

• 4 imithetho yokuxhumana ngaphandle kolaka

Lezi zindlela ziyasebenza nasemhlabeni womuntu. Ngisebenze kakhulu nesizwe samaHadza eTanzania. Namanye amaqembu abazingeli-abaqoqi, abaxabani, kodwa bayakwazi ukulwa nomakhelwane abanolaka (abefundisi). Bona ngokwabo abakaze bahlasele kuqala futhi abazange bahlele ukuhlasela ukuze kuthathwe impahla kanye nabesifazane bamanye amaqembu. Izingxabano phakathi kwamaqembu zivela kuphela lapho izinsiza zishoda futhi kudingekile ukulwela ukusinda.

Ulaka kanye nokufuna ukuyekethisa kuyizindlela ezimbili zomhlaba wonke ezinquma ukuziphatha kwabantu, zikhona kunoma yiliphi isiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonisa ikhono lokuxazulula izingxabano kusukela ebuntwaneni. Izingane azikwazi ukuxabana isikhathi eside, futhi umenzi wecala uvame ukuya emhlabeni. Mhlawumbe, njengoba kushubile, kufanele sicabange ukuthi besiyokwenzenjani ukube siyizingane.”

Ziphumelele izivivinyo

• Uyiqhawe elinjani?

* Isayensi, 2013, vol. 341.