Ufuna umntwana: thatha i-folate (folic acid noma uvithamini B9)

Isifiso sobuntwana: indima ebalulekile ye-folic acid

I-Folates, folic acid noma ngisho vitamin B9, wonke amagama asho into efanayo: ivithamini. Ithatha igama layo lisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi "folium", okusho iqabunga, ngenxa yokuba khona kwayo ngobuningi emifino eminingi eluhlaza (isipinashi, ulethisi wewundlu, i-watercress, njll.). Uma izinzuzo zayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sezisunguliwe, kubonakala sengathi zinemiphumela yokuzivikela ezifweni ze-Alzheimer, isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngisho nemidlavuza ethile.

Indima ye-folic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

I-Folate idlala indima ebalulekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe phakathi ne-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Ngempela zivumela ukwakhiwa okuvumelanayo kwesimiso sezinzwa zengane kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngendlela efanele ngokusebenza ekuvaleni kwe-neural tube. THE'i-anencephalic futhi  spina bifida yizici ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuzalwa okungenzeka uma lesi sigaba singahambi kahle. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yiDirectorate of Research, Studies, Evaluation and Statistics (DREES), ukuthatha i-folic acid akusebenzi kahle ngo-100% kodwa kunciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka kokuvalwa kwe-neural tube cishe ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zamacala.. Ukuntuleka kukavithamini B9 kungase kube neminye imiphumela, njengengozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu noma i-anemia kumama kanye nokungakabi yisikhathi noma ukukhula komntwana. Omunye umsebenzi usungule isixhumanisi phakathi kokushoda kwe-folate kanye nokutholwa kokungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo, udebe oluqhekekile nolwanga (ngaphambilini olwalubizwa ngokuthi “udebe oluvulekile”) noma ngisho nokonakala komgudu womchamo. Ekugcineni, ucwaningo lwaseNorway olwanyatheliswa ngo-2013 lwabonisa ukuthi ukuthatha i-folic acid kunciphisa ingozi ye-autism ngama-40%.

I-Folic acid: kufanele uyithathe nini?

Cishe ingxenye yabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala abawutholi uvithamini B9 owanele. Ngenkathi indima ye-folate ibalulekile phakathi nenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa, abesifazane abaningi abakazi ukuthi bakhulelwe kulesi sigaba, futhi ukungaqali i-folic acid kuze kube yilapho ukukhulelwa kuqinisekiswa ukuthi sekuphuzile kakhulu ukuba kube nemiphumela elindelekile. Yingakho ngokuvamile kunqunywa izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okuhleliwe, okusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuyeka ukukhulelwa, futhi okungenani kuze kube sekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Njengoba konke ukukhulelwa kungahleliwe, abanye ochwepheshe bayeluleka bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala ukuba baqaphele ukuthi bathatha i-folate.

Nokho, naphezu kwezincomo zochwepheshe, incwadi kadokotela ayilandelwa ngokwanele. Ucwaningo lwe-Esteban olwenziwe ngo-2014-2016 lubike ingozi yokuntuleka kwe-folate (izinga <3 ng / mL) ye-13,4% kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-49 ubudala. Ngokuphambene, phakathi kwamantombazane aneminyaka eyi-15 kuya kweyi-17, bekuyi-0,6% kuphela. Qaphela ukuthi lawa mazinga e-folate atholwe kwabesifazane abangama-532 abangaphambi kokuya esikhathini sobudala kanye namantombazane asakhula angama-68.

I-Vitamin B9: ukwengezwa okunamandla kwabanye besifazane

Abanye besifazane banamathuba amaningi okuntuleka kwe-vitamin B9 kunabanye. Lokhu kungaphezu kwayo yonke indaba yalabo osekutholwe ukuthi bane-neural tube defect (NTD) ngesikhathi bekhulelwe. Abesifazane abangondlekile noma abesifazane abadla ngokungalinganiseli nabo bayakhathazeka, kanye nabesifazane abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma labo abathatha imithi yokwelapha isithuthwane noma isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kudinga ukuqapha okukhulisiwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukufakwa kwe-folic acid okunamandla.

Ukudla okuqukethe i-folic acid

Kungokudla lapho iningi lemithombo yethu ye-folic acid itholakala. Kodwa ngeshwa lokhu akwanele ukunikeza okwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhulelwa. Ukwengeza ngendlela yamaphilisi kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbeli ukwengeza ukudla okucebile nge-folic acid kumamenyu abo, ngokuphambene nalokho. Bheja imifino eluhlaza kuqala (isipinashi, amasaladi, uphizi, ubhontshisi oluhlaza, ukwatapheya…), kodwa nasezimbewu (uphizi, udali…) nezithelo ezithile (izithelo ezisawolintshi, ikhabe, ubhanana, kiwi…). Kodwa-ke, qaphela izibindi kanye ne-offal, ecebile kakhulu ku-folate kodwa enganconywa, njengesinyathelo sokuzivikela, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma abesifazane abafisa ukuba nomntwana.