Incazelo ye-urticaria

I-Urticaria ukuqubuka okubonakala ngokuluma kanye nokuvela kwamabala abomvu aphakanyisiwe ("ama-papules"), afana nokuntinyela kwezimbabazane (igama elithi hives livela kwelesiLatini. i-urtica, okusho ukuthi inhlwathi). I-Urticaria iwuphawu esikhundleni sesifo, futhi kunezimbangela eziningi. Sihlukanisa:

• i-urticaria ebukhali, ezibonakala kokuphindaphinda okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okuhlala imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa (futhi ingavela futhi ngezinsuku ezimbalwa), kepha ithuthuke isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasonto ayisithupha;
• i-urticaria engapheli, eholela ekuhlaselweni nsuku zonke noma ngaphezulu, iqhubekela phambili ngaphezu kwamaviki angu-6.

Lapho ukuhlaselwa kwe-urticaria kuphindaphindeka kepha kungaqhubeki, kubizwa ngokuthi ukubuyela emuva kwe-urticaria.

Izimpawu zokuhlasela kwe-hives

I-Urticaria iholela ekuveleni kwe:

• ama-papule aphakanyisiwe, afana ne-nettle ehlabayo, ebomvu noma ebomvu, ehluka ngosayizi (amamilimitha ambalwa kuya kumasentimitha amaningana), ngokuvamile avela ezingalweni, emilenzeni noma esiqwini;
• ukulunywa (pruritus), ngezinye izikhathi kunamandla kakhulu;
• kwezinye izimo, ukuvuvukala noma i-edema (i-angioedema), ethinta kakhulu ubuso noma amaphethelo.

Ngokuvamile, isifuba siyadlula (ihlala emizuzwini embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa) futhi iyazihambela ngaphandle kokushiya izibazi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izilonda zingathatha futhi ukuhlasela kungaqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izimpawu zihambisana:

• imfiva emaphakathi;
• ubuhlungu besisu noma izinkinga zokugaya ukudla;
• izinhlungu ezihlangene.

Abantu abasengozini

Noma ubani angase athambekele ekubeni nesifuba, kodwa izici ezithile noma izifo zingenza kube lula.

• ubulili besifazane (abesifazane bavame ukuthinteka kakhulu kunamadoda3);
• izici zofuzo: kwezinye izimo, ukubonakaliswa kubonakala ezinganeni noma ezinganeni ezincane, futhi kunezimo eziningana ze-urticaria emndenini (i-urticaria ebandayo yomndeni, i-Mückle ne-Wells syndrome);
• igazi elingavamile (i-cryoglobulinemia, isibonelo) noma ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme athile (i-C1-esterase, ikakhulukazi) 4;
• izifo ezithile zesistimu (njenge-autoimmune thyroiditis, connectivitis, lupus, lymphoma). Cishe i-1% ye-urticaria engapheli ihlotshaniswa nesifo se-systemic: kukhona nezinye izimpawu5.

Izici zengozi

Izinto ezimbalwa zingadala noma zenze ukuba ukuquleka kube kubi kakhulu (bona Izimbangela). Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• ukuthatha imithi ethile;
• ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla okunothe ku-histamine noma i-histamino-liberators;
• ukuchayeka emakhazeni noma ekushiseni.

Obani abathintwa ukuhlaselwa yizidleke?

Noma ubani angathinteka. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani abantu abangu-20% bane-urticaria eyingozi okungenani kanye empilweni yabo, kanti abesifazane bavame ukuthinteka kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-urticaria engapheli ayivelakancane. Kuthinta i-1 kuya ku-5% yabantu¹.

Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abane-urticaria engapheli bayathinteka iminyaka eminingi. Kuvela ukuthi ama-65% e-urticaria engapheli aphikelela ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-12, futhi ama-40% aphikelela okungenani iminyaka eyi-10.².

Izimbangela zalesi sifo

Izindlela ezihilelekile ku-urticaria ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi aziqondi kahle. Nakuba ukuhlaselwa kwe-hives acute kuvame ukubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba, izinyosi eziningi ezingapheli aziveli.

Amangqamuzana athile abizwa ngokuthi ama-mast cell, adlala indima ethile esimisweni sokuzivikela komzimba, ahileleke ku-urticaria engapheli. Kubantu abathintekile, ama-mast cells azwela kakhulu futhi aqala, ngokuvula nokukhulula i-histamine³, ukusabela kokuvuvukala okungafanele.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-urticaria

I-urticaria eyingozi

Nakuba lezi zinqubo zingaqondwa kahle, kuyaziwa ukuthi izici zemvelo zingaba zimbi kakhulu noma zibangele ukuqubuka.

Ezimweni ezingaba ngu-75%, ukuhlaselwa kwe-urticaria okunamandla kubangelwa izici ezithile:

• umuthi uvusa ukuthathwa kwamacala angama-30 kuye kwangama-50%. Cishe noma yisiphi isidakamizwa singaba imbangela. Kungaba i-antibiotic, i-anesthetic, i-aspirin, umuthi ongeqedi ukuvuvukala, umuthi wokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, umuthi wokuqhathanisa one-iodine, i-morphine, i-codeine, njll.
• ukudla okucebile nge-histamine (ushizi, inhlanzi ekheniwe, isoseji, ama-herrings abhenywayo, utamatisi, njll.) noma okubizwa ngokuthi “i-histamine-khulula” (ama-strawberry, ubhanana, uphayinaphu, amantongomane, ushokoledi, utshwala, okumhlophe kweqanda, ukusikeka okubandayo, inhlanzi, i-shellfish …);
• ukuthintana nemikhiqizo ethile (i-latex, izimonyo, isibonelo) noma izitshalo / izilwane;
• ukuchayeka emakhazeni;
• ukuchayeka elangeni noma ukushisa;
• ukucindezela noma ukungqubuzana kwesikhumba;
• ukulunywa yisinambuzane;
• ukutheleleka okuhlangene (i-Helicobacter pylori ukutheleleka, i-hepatitis B, njll.). Isixhumanisi asisungulwa kahle, nokho, futhi izifundo ziyaphikisana;
• ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo;
• ukuvivinya umzimba kakhulu.

I-urticaria engapheli

I-urticaria engapheli nayo ingabangelwa yinoma yiziphi izici ezibalwe ngenhla, kepha kumacala angaba ngu-70%, akukho sici esiyimbangela esitholakalayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-idiopathic urticaria.

Inkambo kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka

I-Urticaria yisimo esibi, kepha ingaba nomthelela omkhulu kuzinga lempilo, ikakhulukazi uma lingapheli.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-urticaria zikhathaza kakhulu kunezinye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isifuba singaba phezulu noma sijule. Esimweni sesibili, kukhona ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu (ama-edema) esikhunjeni noma kolwelwesi lwamafinyila, okuvela ikakhulu ebusweni (i-angioedema), izandla nezinyawo.

Uma le-edema ithinta i-larynx (i-angioedema), ukubikezela kungase kube impilo engozini ngoba ukuphefumula kuba nzima noma kungenzeki. Ngenhlanhla, leli cala alivamile.

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