Njengoba kunemibiko yokuncipha kwenani lezinambuzane emhlabeni wonke, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo ngezinyosi. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kwesithakazelo ekufuyweni kwezinyosi zasemadolobheni - izinyosi ezikhulayo emadolobheni. Kodwa-ke, kunombono wokuthi izinyosi zezinyosi, ezalethwa emazweni aseMelika ngamakholoni aseYurophu, kufanele zihlale eduze nezinkambu ze-monoculture yezolimo zezimboni, lapho zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthunjweni kwezitshalo, hhayi emadolobheni.
Ingabe izinyosi nezinyosi zasendle ziyaqhudelana?
Ezinye izazi zezinambuzane kanye nabagqugquzeli bezinyosi zasendle bakhathazekile ngokuthi izinyosi ezihlala izinyosi ziphuma ukuncintisana nezinyosi zasendle ukuthola imithombo yompe nempova. Ososayensi abafunde lolu daba abakwazanga ukukuqinisekisa ngokungananazi lokhu. Ucwaningo lokuhlola oluyi-10 kwezingu-19 lwembula izimpawu ezithile zokuncintisana phakathi kwezinyosi zezinyosi nezinyosi zasendle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze nezinkambu zezolimo. Iningi lalezi zifundo zigxile ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Nokho, abanye abashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane bakholelwa ukuthi uma okuthile kungalimaza izinyosi zasendle, kufanele kulahlwe. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezinyosi kufanele kwenqatshelwe.
izinyosi kwezolimo
Izinyosi zoju zifakwe ngokujulile ohlelweni lokudla lwe-capitalist-industrial, okubenza babe sengozini kakhulu. Inani lezinyosi ezinjalo alehli ngenxa yokuthi abantu bazizalela ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokushesha bathathe indawo yamakoloni alahlekile. Kodwa izinyosi zoju ziyakwazi ukuthola imiphumela enobuthi yamakhemikhali aqukethe ama-insecticide, ama-fungicides nama-herbicides. Njengezinyosi zasendle, izinyosi zoju nazo zinenkinga yokushoda kwezakhamzimba ezindaweni zokulima okukodwa kwezimboni, futhi ukuphoqeleka ukuba zihambe ukuze ziyovuthwa kuzifaka ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Lokhu sekuholele ekutheni izinyosi zoju zitheleleke futhi zisabalalise izifo eziningi kubantu abasengozini yezinyosi zasendle. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi amagciwane asatshalaliswa yi-Varroa mite, etholakala ezinyosini zoju, angasakazekela ezinyosini zasendle.
ukufuywa kwezinyosi zasemadolobheni
Ukufuya izinyosi ngenjongo yokuthengisa kusebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezivela embonini yokulima. Izinyosi eziyizindlovukazi zifakwa isidoda ngendlela engafanele, okungase kunciphise ukuhlukahluka kofuzo. Izinyosi zoju ziphakelwa isiraphu kashukela egayiwe kakhulu kanye nempova egxilile, evame ukutholakala emmbila nobhontshisi wesoya, okhula engxenyeni enkulu yeNyakatho Melika. Izinyosi zilashwa ngama-antibiotics kanye nemithi yokulwa ne-Varroa mite.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinyosi zoju, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zasendle, zenza kahle emadolobheni. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, izinyosi azichayeka kangako ezibulala-zinambuzane kunasemasimini ezolimo futhi zibhekana nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zompe nempova. Ukufuywa kwezinyosi emadolobheni, okuwumsebenzi wokuzilibazisa kakhulu, akuhlanganisiwe ekulimeni kwasefekthri, okungase kuvumele izinqubo zokufuya izinyosi ezinesimilo. Isibonelo, abafuyi bezinyosi bangavumela izindlovukazi zishade ngokwemvelo, basebenzise izindlela zokulawula izimbuzane eziphilayo, futhi bavumele izinyosi zidle uju lwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyosi zezinyosi zasemadolobheni zinenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokudla kwendawo yokuziphatha. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abafuyi bezinyosi abazilibazisayo banamathuba amaningi okulahlekelwa amakoloni kunabafuyi bezinyosi abahwebayo, kodwa lokhu kungashintsha ngokusekelwa okufanele kanye nemfundo. Abanye ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi uma ungacabangi izinyosi nezinyosi zasendle njengezimbangi, ungazibona njengabalingani ekudaleni inala.