Okuqukethwe
Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezihlala njalo neziguquguqukayo kuma-macros, lapho zingasetshenziswa khona, futhi yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha. Kuzovezwa futhi ukuthi kungani kudingeka ama-constants, uma ungakwazi nje ukubhala okuguquguqukayo futhi ungalokothi ukushintshe.
Njengezinye izilimi zokuhlela, idatha ingagcinwa ngokuguquguqukayo noma kuma-constants (kokubili okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi iziqukathi zedatha). Lona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwale mibono. Okwangaphambili kungase kushintshe kuye ngokuthi kwenzekani ohlelweni. Ngokulandelayo, ama-constants asethwa kanye futhi awashintshi inani lawo.
Ama-Constant angaba wusizo uma udinga ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu elifanayo izikhathi eziningi. Esikhundleni sokukopisha inombolo, ungavele ubhale igama le-constant. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa okuthi “Pi” ukugcina u-Pi, okuyinani elingaguquki. Yinkulu kakhulu, futhi isikhathi ngasinye kuba nzima ukuyibhala noma ukuyicinga nokuyikopisha. Ngakho-ke, kwanele ukubhala izinhlamvu ezimbili, futhi imvelo isebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo inombolo oyifunayo.
Umsebenzisi we-Excel udinga ukumemezela okuguquguqukayo uma edinga ukushintsha inani eligcinwe kuzo ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo, ungasetha okuguquguqukayo okubizwa nge-sVAT_Rate, okuzogcina izinga le-VAT lamanje lomkhiqizo. Uma ishintsha, ungayilungisa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kulabo abenza ibhizinisi e-United States, lapho ezinye izimpahla zingase zingabi ngaphansi kwe-VAT nhlobo (futhi le ntela iphinde ihluke ngokwezifundazwe).
Izinhlobo Zedatha
Isiqukathi ngasinye sedatha singaba esisodwa sezinhlobo ezimbalwa. Nali ithebula elichaza izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zolwazi olucutshunguliwe. Ziningi zazo, futhi kungase kubonakale kosaqalayo ukuthi ziyaphindana. Kodwa lona umuzwa ongelona iqiniso. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ukuthi kungani ukucacisa uhlobo lwedatha olufanele kubaluleke kangaka.
Akunconyiwe ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwedatha oluthatha isikhala esiningi kumemori izinombolo ezincane. Isibonelo, ngenombolo 1, kwanele ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-Byte. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwemojula esebenzisekayo, ikakhulukazi kumakhompyutha abuthakathaka. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungahambi kakhulu lapha. Uma usebenzisa uhlobo lwedatha oluminyene kakhulu, inani elikhulu kakhulu lingase lingalingani kulo.
Ukumemezela Izikhathi Ezivamile Neziguquguqukayo
Ukusebenzisa isitsha sedatha ngaphandle kokumemezela kuqala akukhuthazwa kakhulu. Khona-ke izinkinga eziningi zingavela, ukugwema okudingeka ubhale imigqa emincane embalwa yekhodi nge-numeration of variables noma constants.
Ukumemezela okuguquguqukayo, isitatimende se-Dim siyasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, kanje:
Fiphalisa i-variable_Name njenge-Integer
I-variable_Name igama le-variable. Okulandelayo, i-As operator ibhaliwe, ekhombisa uhlobo lwedatha. Esikhundleni seyunithi yezinhlamvu ethi “Variable_Name” nethi “Integer”, ungafaka igama lakho nohlobo lwedatha.
Ama-Constant nawo angamenyezelwa, kodwa kufanele uqale ucacise inani lawo. Enye yezinketho yile:
Const iMaxCount = 5000
Ngobulungisa, kwezinye izimo ungenza ngaphandle kokumemezela okuguquguqukayo, kodwa kulokhu bazonikezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlobo oluhlukile. Nokho, lokhu akunconywa ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Okuhlukile kucutshungulwa kancane kakhulu, futhi uma kukhona okuguquguqukayo okuningi okunjalo, ukucutshungulwa kolwazi kungehliswa kakhulu kumakhompyutha abuthaka. Kubonakala sengathi leyo mizuzwana izonquma? Kodwa uma kufanele ubhale inombolo enkulu yemigqa yekhodi, bese futhi uyisebenzise kumakhompiyutha abuthakathaka (asathengiswa, njengoba amahhovisi esimanje adinga i-RAM eningi), ungakwazi ukumisa ngokuphelele umsebenzi. Kunezimo lapho ukubhalwa okungalungile kwama-macros kuholele ekuqandisweni kwama-smartbook anenani elincane le-RAM futhi aklanyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukuphrinta okungalungile emagameni kuvunyelwe, okungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa isitatimende senketho ebeka sobala, esikuvumela ukuthi uthole okuguquguqukayo okungadalulwanga, uma kutholwa. Lena indlela elula yokuthola amaphutha, njengoba ukuthayipha okuncane kubangela ukuthi umhumushi angakwazi ukuhlonza okuguquguqukayo. Futhi uma uvula imodi yesimemezelo esiguquguqukayo, umhumushi ngeke nje akuvumele ukuthi usebenzise i-macro uma kutholakala iziqukathi zedatha ezingazange zimenyezelwe ekuqaleni kwemojula.
- Gwema amaphutha abangwe amanani ahlukile angafani nohlobo lwedatha. Ngokuvamile, ukunikeza inani lombhalo kokuhluka kwenombolo kuzophonsa iphutha. Yebo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlobo olujwayelekile lunikezwa ngaphandle kwesimemezelo, kodwa uma zimenyezelwa kusengaphambili, khona-ke amaphutha angahleliwe angagwenywa.
Ngakho-ke, naphezu kwakho konke, kunconywa kakhulu ukumemezela zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo kuma-Excel macros.
Kukhona enye into okufanele uyikhumbule lapho umemezela okuguquguqukayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ungabeki noma yimaphi amanani kokuguquguqukayo lapho uyimemezela, kodwa kulokhu ithola inani elizenzakalelayo. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Imigqa yenziwe ingenalutho.
- Izinombolo zithatha inani elingu-0.
- Okuguquguqukayo kohlobo lwe-Boolean ekuqaleni kuthathwa njengamanga.
- Usuku olumisiwe lungoDisemba 30, 1899.
Isibonelo, awudingi ukwabela inani elingu-0 kokuhluka kwenombolo uma lingekho inani elishiwo ngaphambilini. Unayo kakade le nombolo.
Isitatimende Esibekela Obala Inketho
Lesi sitatimende sikuvumela ukuthi umemezele zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo ezisetshenziswa kukhodi ye-VBA futhi unqume ukuba khona kwanoma yiziphi iziqukathi ezingadalulwanga ngaphambi kokuba ikhodi isetshenziswe. Ukuze usebenzise lesi sici, mane ubhale umugqa wenketho yekhodi ecacile phezulu kwekhodi enkulu.
Uma udinga ukufaka lesi sitatimende kukhodi yakho njalo, ungenza kanjalo usebenzisa isilungiselelo esikhethekile kumhleli we-VBA. Ukuze unike amandla le nketho, kufanele:
- Iya endaweni yokuthuthukisa endleleni - Amathuluzi > Izinketho.
- Efasiteleni elivulekayo ngemva kwalokhu, vula ithebhu ethi Isihleli.
- Futhi ekugcineni, qoka ibhokisi eduze kwento ethi Dinga Isimemezelo Esiguquguqukayo.
Ngemva kokuqeda lezi zinyathelo, chofoza inkinobho ethi "OK".
Yilokho-ke, manje lapho ubhala i-macro entsha ngayinye, lo mugqa uzofakwa phezulu kwekhodi ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ububanzi Bezinto Ezivamile Neziguquguqukayo
Okuguquguqukayo ngakunye noma okungaguquki kunomkhawulo olinganiselwe. Kuya ngokuthi ukumemezele kuphi.
Ake sithi sinomsebenzi Inani_Izindleko(), futhi isebenzisa okuguquguqukayo sVAT_Rate. Ngokuya ngesimo kumojuli, izoba nobubanzi obuhlukile:
| Inketho Icacile Nciphisa i-sVAT_Rate Njengoyedwa Umsebenzi Total_Cost() Njengokuphindwe kabili . . . Qeda Umsebenzi | Uma okuguquguqukayo kumenyezelwa phezulu kwemojuli ngokwayo, isakazeka kuyo yonke leyo mojula. Okusho ukuthi, ingafundwa ngayo yonke inqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma enye yezinqubo iguqule inani lokuguquguquka, elandelayo izophinda ifunde leli nani elilungisiwe. Kodwa kwamanye amamojula lokhu okuguquguqukayo ngeke kusafundwa. |
| Inketho Icacile Umsebenzi Total_Cost() Njengokuphindwe kabili Nciphisa i-sVAT_Rate Njengoyedwa . . . Qeda Umsebenzi | Kulesi simo, okuguquguqukayo kumenyezelwa ngaphakathi kwenqubo, futhi umhumushi uzophonsa iphutha uma esetshenziswa kwenye inqubo. |
Uma ufuna okuguquguqukayo kufundwe amanye amamojula, kufanele usebenzise igama elingukhiye Lomphakathi esikhundleni segama elingukhiye elithi Dim. Ngokufanayo, ungakwazi ukukhawulela ububanzi bokuguquguquka kumojuli yamanje kuphela ngokusebenzisa isitatimende Somphakathi, esibhalwe esikhundleni segama elithi Dim.
Ungasetha ububanzi bezilinganiso ngendlela efanayo, kodwa igama elingukhiye lapha libhalwe kanye no-opharetha we-Const.
Nali itafula elinesibonelo esihle sokuthi lisebenza kanjani ngokuguquguquka nokuguquguqukayo.
| Inketho Icacile I-sVAT_Rate yomphakathi Njengoyedwa I-Public Const iMax_Count = 5000 | Kulesi sibonelo, ungabona ukuthi igama elingukhiye Lomphakathi lisetshenziswa kanjani ukuze umemezele okuhlukile, nokuthi yini okudingeka uyibhale kusihleli esibonakalayo esiyisisekelo ukuze umemezele ukungaguquki komphakathi. Ububanzi balezi ziqukathi zenani busebenza kuwo wonke amamojula. |
| Inketho Icacile I-sVAT_Rate yangasese Njengongashadile I-Private Const iMax_Count = 5000 | Lapha, okuguquguqukayo nama-constants kumenyezelwa kusetshenziswa igama elingukhiye eliyimfihlo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingabonakala kuphela ngaphakathi kwemojuli yamanje, futhi izinqubo kwamanye amamojula azikwazi ukuzisebenzisa. |
Kungani kudingeka ama-constants nama-variables
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-constants kanye neziguquguqukayo kukuvumela ukuthi ukhulise izinga lokuqondakala kwekhodi. Futhi uma abaqalayo bebonke bengenayo imibuzo yokuthi kungani kudingeka okuguquguqukayo, khona-ke kukhona ukungaqondakali okuningi mayelana nesidingo sama-constants. Futhi lo mbuzo ubonakala, ekuqaleni, unengqondo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ungamemezela okuguquguqukayo kanye futhi ungaphinde ukushintshe.
Impendulo ivela endaweni ethile endizeni efanayo ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zedatha ezithatha isikhala esikhulu enkumbulweni. Uma sibhekene nenani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo, singashintsha ngephutha isiqukathi esikhona. Uma umsebenzisi enquma ukuthi inani elithile alisoze lashintsha, indawo izolawula ngokuzenzakalelayo lokhu.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma i-macro ibhalwa abahleli bezinhlelo abaningana. Omunye angase azi ukuthi okunye okuguquguqukayo akufanele kushintshe. Futhi enye ayikho. Uma ucacisa u-opharetha we-Const, omunye unjiniyela uzokwazi ukuthi leli nani alishintshi.
Noma, uma kukhona okungaguquki okunegama elilodwa, futhi okuguquguqukayo kunegama elihlukile, kodwa elifanayo. Umthuthukisi angavele abadide. Isibonelo, okuguquguqukayo okukodwa okungadingi kushintshwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-Variable11, kanti enye engahlelwa ibizwa ngokuthi i-Various1. Umuntu angakwazi ngokuzenzakalelayo, lapho ebhala ikhodi, ngephutha eqe iyunithi eyengeziwe futhi angayiboni. Ngenxa yalokho, isiqukathi samanani sizoshintshwa, okungafanele sithintwe.
Noma unjiniyela ngokwakhe angase akhohlwe ukuthi iziphi izinto eziguquguqukayo angakwazi ukuzithinta futhi iziphi angakwazi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ikhodi ibhalwa amasonto ambalwa, futhi ubukhulu bayo buba bukhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kulula kakhulu ukukhohlwa ngisho nokuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu noma lokho okuguquguqukayo.
Yebo, ungenza ngamazwana kulesi simo, kodwa akulula yini ukucacisa igama elithi Const?
iziphetho
Okuguquguqukayo kuyisici esibalulekile sohlelo olukhulu, olukuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela ekubalweni kuya ekwaziseni umsebenzisi ngezehlakalo ezithile noma ucacise amanani athile kumaseli wespredishithi.
Ama-Constants kufanele asetshenziswe uma unjiniyela azi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi okuqukethwe kwalezi ziqukathi ngeke kushintshe esikhathini esizayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi okuguquguqukayo esikhundleni salokho, njengoba kungenzeka ukwenza iphutha ngephutha.