Amashadi ku-Excel anedatha ehlukene: inhloso, izinhlobo, indlela yokwakha

Amathiphu, amaqhinga, namasu okuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwamashadi ku-Microsoft Excel.

Amathuluzi okushadi ku-Microsoft Excel 2010 kanye no-2007 angcono kakhulu ngokubukeka nokusebenza kunalawo atholakala ezinguqulweni zangaphambili ze-Excel. Nakuba amagrafu ebukeka engcono, akuwona wonke amapharamitha asetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza abonakala ngokushesha. Lesi sihloko esifushane sihlanganisa amathiphu awusizo, amaqhinga nezindlela zokwenza amashadi ku-Excel azokwenza umsebenzi wakho usebenze kahle.

gcwalisa iphethini

Isibuyekezo ku-Microsoft Office 2010 yikhono lokusebenzisa iphethini yeshadi egcwalisa isikali esimpunga. Ukubona lokhu kusebenza, gqamisa umdwebo, khetha “Amathuluzi Eshadi” → "Ithebhu yesakhiwo" bese ukhetha inketho yokuhlela ohlwini lokudonsela phansi phezulu kwesokunxele seribhoni. Khetha “Khetha Ifomethi” (ngezansi nje kwalokho kuribhoni) bese ukhetha “Gcwalisa” → "Gcwalisa iphethini". Ukuze uthole ishadi elimnyama nelimhlophe, setha umbala ongaphambili ube mnyama bese umbala wangemuva ube mhlophe, bese ukhetha iphethini yokugcwalisa yochungechunge. Phinda izinyathelo zesinye isifanekiso. Akudingekile ukuthi usebenzise okumnyama nokumhlophe, zama izifanekiso ezihlukene ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amashadi afundeka uma ephrintiwe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe noma ekopishwe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe.

Izifanekiso zingasetshenziswa ukugcwalisa ishadi ku-Excel 2010 ukuze liphrintwe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe noma likopishwe ngokumnyama nokumhlophe.

Londoloza amashadi e-Excel njengesithombe

Ungagcina ishadi njengesithombe ku-Excel ukuze ulisebenzise kweminye imibhalo njengemibiko noma iwebhu. Ukugcina ishadi njengesithombe, indlela elula iwukuba usayizi weshadi ekhasini lomsebenzi ukuze libe likhulu. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, kufanele uhambe ngale ndlela: Ifayela → Igcine njenge, khetha indlela yokugcina ifayela lokugcina futhi ohlwini lokudonsela phansi “Londoloza uhlobo” khetha ikhasi lewebhu (*.htm;*.html), faka igama lefayela elisha bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi Londoloza.

Ngenxa yalokho, ishidi lokusebenzela liguqulwa libe ifayela le-html, futhi njengoba amafayela e-html engakwazi ukuqukatha izithombe, ishadi ligcinwa ngokuhlukana futhi lixhunywe kufayela le-html. Ishadi lizogcinwa kufolda lapho ifayela le-html ligcinwe khona. Ngakho uma ifayela laliqanjwe ngokuthi Sales.htm, izithombe zizoba kufolda ebizwa ngokuthi sales_files. Izithombe zigcinwa njengefayela le-PNG elihlukile. Uma umdwebo kanye naleli fayela le-Excel lisadingeka emsebenzini, kufanele futhi ligcinwe ngokuhlukana.

Ishadi lingalondolozwa njengefayela eliyisithombe uma kamuva ulidinga kwenye iphrojekthi.

Ukugqagqana komugqa nokulungiswa kokuvunyelwa kwezinhlangothi

Ukubukeka kweshadi kungathuthukiswa ngokushintsha ububanzi bemigqa kanye nezikhala eziseceleni phakathi kwazo. Ukuze ulungise ukugqagqana phakathi kochungechunge olubili lwamashadi noma ushintshe ibanga eliphakathi kwawo, chofoza kwesokudla kunoma yimuphi umugqa eshadini bese uchofoza. "Ifomethi yochungechunge lwedatha". Sebenzisa isici Semigqa Egqagqene ukuze uhlukanise imigqa noma uhlanganise imigqa ngokuhudulela isilayidi kokuthi I-Gap noma Ukugqagqana.

Ngakho-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa liyalungiswa ukuze libe seduze noma liqhelelene. Uma kunezinhlobo ezimbili zedatha eshadini, futhi zidinga ukuqokwa phezu kwezinye, futhi umugqa wesibili kufanele ubekwe phezulu kowokuqala, bese ukulandelana kokwakhiwa kweshadi kuyashintsha. Okokuqala, ukunqwabelana okufunayo kuyasungulwa. Bese uchofoza kwesokudla ukuze ukhethe uchungechunge lwedatha bese ukhetha "Khetha idatha". Okulandelayo, umugqa 1 uyakhethwa futhi wehliselwe phansi kumugqa wesi-2. Ngokushintsha ukuhleleka kwamathebula ngale ndlela, idatha encane ingaboniswa phambi kwamakhudlwana.

Uchungechunge Olukhulu Lwedatha

Uma uhlela idatha ngokusekelwe kumadethi, uchungechunge lwedatha ngokuvamile luba luncane kakhulu. Isixazululo salo mbuzo ukugqamisa i-eksisi ka-x (i-eksisi evundlile) yeshadi le-excel, chofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha ifomethi ye-eksisi. Ngemuva kokukhetha izinketho ze-eksisi, udinga ukuchofoza ku-eksisi yombhalo ukuze uyikhethe. Ngale ndlela, ububanzi bomugqa obufunayo bungalungiswa. Ngokungeziwe emigqeni, ungalungisa ibanga eliphakathi kwayo.

Ukuhlela itulo ku-eksisi Yesibili

Lapho uhlela idatha encane, njengamaphesenti, aseduze nedatha enkulu, njengezigidi, amaphesenti azolahleka futhi angabonakali. Inkinga ixazululwa ngokwakha ishadi lephesenti ku-eksisi ehlukile. Kulokhu, umdwebo uyakhethwa nakuthebhu "Ukusebenza ngamashadi", ithebhu ikhethiwe Isakhiwo, etholakala ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele. Ufuna ukukhetha imigqa engabonakali. Bese ucindezela inkinobho "Ukukhetha Ifomethi", ezovela ngokushesha ngezansi, bese eqenjini "Izinketho Zomugqa" khetha "I-Secondary Axis" bese uvala iwindi. Ngaphandle kokuhambisa into ekhethiwe, khetha "Ukusebenza ngamashadi", bese - ithebhu Umakhi, bese ukhetha “Shintsha Uhlobo Lweshadi”.

Manje usungakhetha uhlobo lweshadi oluhlukile, njengolayini. Ngenxa yokuthi kukhethiwe uchungechunge oluzosebenza kuphela kulolo chungechunge hhayi kulo lonke ishadi, umphumela uba ishadi elihlanganisiwe, njengeshadi lebha elineshadi lomugqa phezulu. Ishadi libukeka kangcono futhi lifundeka kalula uma umbhalo ku-eksisi yalo ufana nombala wengxenye yeshadi equkethe idatha. Ngakho-ke, uma kunemigqa eluhlaza, kungcono ukuthayipha umbhalo ohambisanayo futhi ngokuluhlaza, futhi umugqa obomvu uzovezwa ngokubomvu ku-eksisi yawo.

Dala amashadi enhlanganisela

Abasebenzisi be-Microsoft Excel abaqapheli ngokushesha ukuthi ingakha amashadi e-combo; Nokho, lokhu kulula ukukwenza. Ukwenza lokhu, idatha ikhethiwe futhi uhlobo lokuqala lweshadi lwakhiwe, isibonelo, ishadi lomugqa. Bese kukhethwa uchungechunge oludinga ukuboniswa ngendlela ehlukile, isibonelo, kusetshenziswa ishadi lomugqa, kanye nokuthi “Ukusebenza ngemidwebo” → ithebhu "Constructor" → “Shintsha Uhlobo Lweshadi” bese kukhethwa uhlobo lweshadi lesibili. Ezinye izinhlobo zamashadi azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngenxa yezizathu ezizwakalayo, njengamashadi emigqa emibili, kodwa amashadi omugqa nomugqa asebenzisana kahle.

Dala ngokuzenzakalelayo amashadi e-Excel

Uma unedatha ezokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungakha ishadi ukuze likhule njengoba idatha eyengeziwe yengezwa endaweni yokugcina idatha. Ukwenza lokhu, idatha kufanele ifomethwe njengethebula. Ukwenza lokhu, idatha efakiwe kakade ikhethiwe, nakuthebhu "Ikhaya" umsebenzi ukhethiwe "Fometha njengethebula". Manje, ngenxa yokuthi idatha ifomethwe njengethebula, lapho udala ishadi kudatha yethebula, ukwengeza idatha eyengeziwe kuthebula kuzokhulisa ishadi ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Izihloko Zeshadi Elihlakaniphile

Isihloko seshadi singakhishwa kwelinye lamaseli eshidini le-Excel. Okokuqala, isihloko seshadi siyengezwa kokuthi “Ukusebenza ngemidwebo” → Ukuhlelwa kwethebhu → “Isihloko Seshadi” futhi ibekwe, isibonelo, ngaphezu komdwebo. Iseli lesihloko seshadi liyakhethwa, bese ikhesa ihanjiswa kubha yefomula bese ireferensi ifakwa kuseli eliqukethe idatha ezosebenza njengesihloko seshadi. Uma isihloko seshadi kufanele sifane neshidi, iseli D5 eshidini 1 kufanele lingabi nalutho. Manje, noma nini lapho okuqukethwe kwalelo seli kushintsha, isihloko seshadi naso siyashintsha.

Izinguquko Zombala Weshadi le-Excel

Kumashadi anohlobo olulodwa lwedatha, ungase uqaphele ukuthi i-Excel ifaka imibala kuchungechunge ngalunye ngombala ofanayo. Lokhu kungashintshwa ngokuchofoza umugqa bese uchofoza kwesokudla kuwo, ngemuva kwalokho uzodinga ukukhetha ithebhu. "Uchungechunge Lwedatha Yefomethi", bese - "Ukugcwalisa". Uma ishadi libonisa uchungechunge lwedatha olulodwa kuphela, ungakhetha inketho “Amachashazi Anemibala”.

Yebo, ungahlala ukhetha uchungechunge lwedatha ngayinye, chofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha "Ifomethi Yephoyinti Ledatha"bese usetha noma yimuphi umbala walelo phuzu ledatha.

Ukuphatha ama-nulls nedatha engekho

Uma kunamanani anguziro noma idatha engekho eshadini, ungalawula ukuboniswa koziro ngokukhetha umugqa weshadi, bese - "Ukusebenza ngamashadi" → ithebhu "Constructor" → "Khetha idatha" → “Amaseli afihliwe futhi angenalutho”. Lapha ungakhetha ukuthi ingabe amaseli angenalutho aboniswa njengezikhala noma uziro, noma uma ishadi liyishadi lomugqa, noma ngabe umugqa kufanele usuke endaweni ethile uye kwelinye esikhundleni senani elingenalutho. Ngemva kokukhetha idatha edingekayo, izilungiselelo zigcinwa ngokucindezela inkinobho "KULUNGILE".

Inothi. Lokhu kusebenza kuphela kumanani angekho, hhayi ama-nulls.

Ukuhlela idatha ye-Discontiguous

Ukuze uhlele idatha engahleliwe njengochungechunge oluhlangene, bamba ukhiye u-Ctrl ngemva kokukhetha kuqala idatha yobubanzi ngalunye. Ngemva kokukhetha ububanzi, ishadi liyakhiwa ngokusekelwe kudatha ekhethiwe.

Londoloza ishadi njengesifanekiso

Ukuze ulondoloze ishadi njengesifanekiso ukuze siphinde sisetshenziswe, uqala udale futhi wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka okufunayo kweshadi. Khetha ishadi, chofoza "Ukusebenza ngamashadi", bese ithebhu iyavuleka “Umakhi” bese icindezelwa inkinobho “Londoloza Njengesifanekiso”. Uzodinga ukufaka igama leshadi bese uchofoza Londoloza. Le fomethi ingase isetshenziswe kweminye imidwebo kusetshenziswa isifanekiso esigciniwe lapho udala umdwebo omusha noma uhlela okhona kakade. Ukuze usebenzise isifanekiso esilondoloziwe, udinga ukukhetha ishadi. Ukuze uyikhethe, landela uchungechunge: “Ukusebenza ngamashadi”→ “Makhi → Shintsha uhlobo lweshadi → Amaphethini. Bese ukhetha isifanekiso esidalwe ngaphambilini bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "KULUNGILE".

Lawa mathiphu namasu wokushadi ikusiza ukuthi udale amashadi amahle ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana ku-Excel 2007 no-2010.