La I-psychology eguquguqukayo unesithakazelo ku ” izifunda ezingajwayelekile Ukwazi: injabulo, umuzwa wokuxhumana noMkhathi, ukuqaphela okujulile komuntu wangaphakathi, imfihlakalo, njll. izidingo eziphakeme womuntu. Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, i- u-trannyUkukhathazeka okuphathelene nobuntu kukhona okungaphezu kobuntu, isimo saso kanye nomhlaba waso omncane.

Njengomkhuba, le psychology njengenhloso yayo ” ukuqaphela okugcwele ”Lomuntu. Kuyakhathazeka, ngokwesibonelo, ngeziphazamiso ezibangelwa ukuvalelwa kwamakhono okuthiwa "angenamkhawulo" wokuqonda ezinhlakeni ezilinganiselwe ze-ego - njengoba kungakhonjiswa ngezikhathi zezinhlekelele ezikhona noma lokho okubizwa ngezinhlekelele. wokuvela ngokomoya.

Le ukunyakaza komuntu idlula uhlaka lwengqondo yomuntu ngamunye ukuze ithinte yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi womuntu engagqugquzelwa umbono ongcwele womhlaba: umnotho, i-ecology, ifilosofi, njll.

Insimu ye I-psychology eguquguqukayo akuyona "into" yesimanje ngoba ihlolwe kabanzi ngamasiko aseMpumalanga nawamashaman. Izazi zefilosofi eziningi zaseGrisi lasendulo nazo zazizwela ngalo. Ngokombono wanamuhla waseNtshonalanga, ongqondongqondo abakhulu nabacwaningi bekhulu lesi-XNUMX^e kwekhulu, njengoCarl Jung, u-Emmanuel Mounier¹ kanye noRoberto Assagioli² (umsunguli we-psychosynthesis), akha izinkomba eziyisisekelo. Kodwa kunezehlakalo ezithile ezithile zeminyaka yawo-1960 ezanquma ukuvela kwayo. Okokuqala, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika u-Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) wasungula owakhe odumile iphiramidi lezidingo zabantu.³

Manje njengoba seyaziwa emhlabeni wonke, iveza izidingo ezijwayelekile kubo bonke abantu ngokuqhubekela phambili kokulandelana kwamazinga emazingeni ama-5, okuphakeme kunazo zonke okungukuthi ” Ukufeza "Noma" ukuziphendulela “. Lesi sici sithinta isifiso sokuqinisa amandla ethu namakhono, ukuze "sikhule", sithuthukise amandla ethu (yingakho imigomo yamanje "yokukhula komuntu siqu" kanye "nokunyakaza kwamandla abantu").

UMaslow kamuva wacwengisa leli zinga lokugcina ukuze afake imibono ” ukudlula "Noma" ukudlula “. Ocabangi abaningana babe sebebona kufanelekile ukuthi benze i-6^e izinga elihlukile phezulu kwephiramidi^4-5 . Leli zinga lichazwa yisifiso sokuphila ngokuhlangenwe nakho kobunye neCosmos nothando olungenamibandela kuHumanity.

Ngo-1969, u-Abraham Maslow wamthola Ijenali ye-Transpersonal Psychology, ngenkathi i-Association for Transpersonal Psychology isungulwa, eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva, ngemuva nje kokushona kwakhe (bheka Amasayithi wentshisekelo). Umsebenzi wale nhlangano bekungukuthi, futhi kusenjalo, ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokushintshisana kwabaphenyi nabasebenza kule nhlangano, kanye nokukhuthaza umbonoindawo yonke njengenhlangano engcwele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi uMaslow enza ucwaningo lwakhe, "isikhungo semfundo ehlukile" savulwa ogwini lwaseCalifornia. Esalen, eyayizoba “iMecca” yokuhlola okungaphezu komuntu. Amakhulu ososayensi, abaculi kanye nezingcweti zomoya baye bahlala lapho ngesinye isikhathi. Senze imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi ngezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zophenyo olungokomoya, ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezingokomoya zasempumalanga. Izindlela eziningi zengqondo yengqondo ziye zavela kulezi zihlangana ze-eclectic.

Ngokuqondene nokukhonjiswa kokuhamba, kwaqhutshwa ikakhulukazi nguCharles Tart, uprofesa wesayensi yezengqondo e-University of California eDavis; ngu-Stanislav Grof, udokotela wezifo zengqondo kanye nomdidiyeli ophefumulayo we-holotropic; nguRoger Walsh, uprofesa wezifo zengqondo; futhi nguKen Wilber, isazi sefilosofi esingungqondongqondo okuyiyo-theorist yayo eyinhloko.

Kufanele futhi kushiwo ukuthi, ukufuna ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene ukubonakaliswa kokuqonda, ukunyakaza kwe-transpersonal kwakunesithakazelo kakhulu ezenzweni ze-paranormal: ubufakazi babantu abakholelwa ukuthi bathunjwe abantu abavela ngaphandle komhlaba, okuhlangenwe nakho okuseduze nokufa, i-premonition, i-telepathy, imikhuba ye-shamanic, njll.

La I-psychology eguquguqukayo akugcini nje ngezinkinga zomuntu siqu. Ayidlali kangako endaweni ye-ego, kepha lapho i-ego iphela khona futhi ishiye indawo yayo evelele. Uma, ku-psychology yakudala, i- Amamodeli bangabesilisa nabesifazane abaphumelelayo, abakhuthazekile, abasebenza kahle, abahlanganiswe kahle emphakathini, labo abasebenza ngokwengeziwe bangcwele, izihlakaniphi namaqhawe esintu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi le ndlela iphika ukubaluleka kwe-ego enempilo, ngokuphambene nalokho: kuvela ezisekelweni eziqinile nezinokulinganisela ukuthi umuntu angafinyelela kwezinye izilinganiso.

Ngokusho kukaKen Wilber⁶, "Ukuvulwa kokwazi" kuyinto evamile futhi engokwemvelo: eyakudala ezinganeni, ukwazi kukhula kancane kancane, kudlule esigabeni sokuhlonza ne-ego, lapho-ke kufanele sikwazi ukuvula yonke indalo, njengoba uCarl Jung echaze izincwadi. Esigabeni sayo sokugcina sentuthuko, ukwazi kufana nokuvuka noma ukukhanyiselwa okushiwo amasiko amaningi ayimfihlakalo.

Ukudluliswa akuyona indlela, kuyindlela ye- ukwakheka komuntu nezwe elizungezile. Ama-Psychotherapists abelana ngalo mbono angathatha indlela yakudala futhi avele avumele ubukhulu bokomoya buthathe indawo emfanele ekukhuleni komuntu. Kepha, imvamisa, umsebenzi wokudlulisa uqukethe ukudala abantu izimo ezingejwayelekile ezejwayelekile (UMaslow wababiza okuhlangenwe nakho okuphezulu noma okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-paroxysmal). Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwenzelwe ukuqeda ukulinganiselwa kwengqondo noma imizwa futhi kunikeze ukufinyelela ekuqwashiseni okukhulu kakhulu kweqiniso.

Kusetshenziswa amasu amaningi ngale njongo, iningi lawo libolekwe noma liguqulwe lisuselwa kumasiko angokomoya asempumalanga noma e-shamanic: izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzindla, i-hypnosis, imidanso engcwele, izindawo zokujuluka (umjuluko lodge), ukufunwa kombono, ukubuyela emuva ezimpilweni ezedlule, amaphupho, amaphupho amahle, izindlela zokuphefumula namandla avela ku-yoga noma i-Qi Gong, ukusebenza ngemicikilisho, ukuphefumula kwe-holotropic, ukwelashwa kobuciko, ukubona ngeso lokudala, i-sophrology, ukuzalwa kabusha, njll.

Iningi lalezi Ubuchwepheshe kukhona ezinamandla futhi kufanele yenziwe endaweni eyenele nephephile. Udokotela wezengqondo kufanele akwazi ukusiza umuntu ukuthi anqume okwenzeka kuye futhi azihlanganise. Ngakho-ke kufanele sikhethe ngokucophelela umelaphi esifisa ukuqala naye lo msebenzi onjalo.

Khumbula, nokho, lokho okuhlangenwe nakho okudlulele kungenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yezenzakalo zemvelo, njengokuba phambi kwezwe noma umsebenzi wobuciko obuhle kakhulu, ukubona ukuzalwa kwengane noma ukushona kothandekayo . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudansa, ukucula, ezemidlalo, isayensi, isibindi nokuzinikela nakho kuyizindlela zokufinyelela kulolu hlobo lwesipiliyoni.

Yize inabacwaningi nababhali abaningana ababalulekile, i- I-psychology eguquguqukayo uhlala e-marginal. Ayifundiswa kumakhono esayikholoji yasenyuvesi kanye nama-oda ochwepheshe ochwepheshe bezengqondo abavamisile ukubona imikhuba ehambisana nakho. Kumele kuthiwe, kwisayikholoji "esemthethweni", sekunesimo esikhona / sokusebenzela abantu esihlose ukuzenza wena uqobo, kepha ngaphandle komsebenzi oqondiswe ekufuneni okungaphezulu.

I-Transpersonal psychology ihloselwe ikakhulukazi abantu:

• abafuna ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa i- izifiso ezijulile;
• en inkinga ekhona noma abahlala a inguquko enkulu (ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, isehlukaniso, ukuma okusha, ukushona kothandekayo, njll.);
• ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa;
• enkambisweni noma enkingeni yokomoya;
• elwa ne- Ukuba umlutha wezithombe (utshwala, izidakamizwa, ubudlelwano). Ukunyakaza okwenzeka kumuntu ngamunye, ukuluthwa kungaba ukubonakaliswa "okungahanjisiwe kahle" kokoma kobunye "nomthombo wangaphakathi".

• Amasu e-Transpersonal psychology kuphela awakwazi ukuba impendulo eyanele kubantu abahlala kuyo ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo. Ukuzidlula uqobo kuyisidingo, kepha kuyisidingo, okungenani ngokusho kwababhali bale nhlangano, ebinganeliseka kuphela uma amanye amazinga, okungenani encanyana.
• Ngenkathi kukhuthazwa ukunqoba, i-psychology eguquguqukayo iyakhuthaza Prudence futhi ukuqaphela kwemikhawulo eqondene nemvelo yethu yomuntu. Kusifundisa futhi ukuthi ukufeza ukuxhumana nendawo yonke, isiqu esisenyameni ukuthi kufanele sihlangane naye kuqala.

Ama-Psychotherapists noma abasebenza ngendlela yabo ehlonipha umbono wobuntu uqobo abalisebenzisi leli gama futhi imvamisa abazivezi ngaphansi kwale ilebula. Imvamisa zitholakala emisebenzini ehlelekile, efana nemihlangano yokuphindukuzalwa noma imibuzo yokubuza, noma ngokuxhumana nenye yezinhlangano ezishiwo kumaSayithi Wenzalo.

I-Institute of Transpersonal Psychology ePalo Alto, eCalifornia iyisikhungo sikandunankulu sokuqeqeshwa kwabantu. Lesi sikole se-psychology besilokhu sihlinzeka ngohlelo olunzulu kusukela ngo-1975 kufaka phakathi amamodeli wendabuko nawona angewona owendabuko. Lesi sikhungo sinikela nangezinhlelo zokufunda amabanga.

EQuebec, i- Isikhungo seQuebec Transpersonal Psychology eyasungulwa ngo-1985 inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwamahora angama-600 (izinyanga eziyi-18) kufaka phakathi i-internship esebenzayo eCalifornia.

I-Association française du transpersonnel eParis iyindawo yokuhlangana yalabo ababhekana nezici ezahlukahlukene zokuzalwa kabusha ngokomoya nangokomzimba. Kubandakanya ne-Institute of Transpersonal Psychology enikeza imihlangano yokufundisana eyahlukahlukene.

Imininingwane yokuxhumana ingatholakala kumasayithi Wentshisekelo.

Izinsika uMarc-Alain.

Umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ngale ndaba, kufaka phakathi lezi zihloko ezimbili: Umbono wokudlulisela phambili (ngokubambisana), Derditions Dervy, France, 1995 kanye Ubukhulu bokomoya ekwelashweni kwengqondo (ngokubambisana), Somditions Somatothérapies, France, 1997.

Bala uChristina. Ukomela impilo - Ukuthola injongo enhliziyweni yokulutha, Souffle d'or, France, 1994.

Umbhali ungumbambisene, noStanislas Grof, wendlela yokuphefumula yeholotropic.

Gross Stanislas. I-psychology eguquguqukayo, Ngafunda, France, 2009.

Gross Stanislas. Okwe-psychology yekusasa - Inguquko yePsychic nokuthula kwangaphakathi, Izinguqulo Du Rocher, France, 2002.

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo, uGrof ungungoti kwizimo ezishintshile zokwazi.

Peltier Pierre. Izindlela zokwelapha ezenziwa ngabantu, Ama-Editions Fides, eCanada, ngo-1996.

Isazi semfundiso yenkolo, isazi sefilosofi kanye nomqondo wezengqondo, umbhali uchaza ngokusobala isisekelo somqondo womqondo wobuntu.

UWalsh Roger.

Lo dokotela, uprofesa wezifo zengqondo nefilosofi, ungumcabangi obalulekile wokunyakaza kwe-transpersonal. Ku- Izindlela zokuvuka (Le jour, umhleli, Canada, 2000, ukuhunyushwa ngu Ingokomoya Elibalulekile), iqokomisa inhloso evamile yezinto ezingokomoya zomhlaba kanye neziyalo eziyisikhombisa eziholela ekwazini ubungcwele nobungcwele bobuntu bethu bangaphakathi kanye nezwe elisizungezile. Bhekafuthi Beyond the Ego - Ukubuyekezwa Kokuqala Kakhulu Ku-Psychology ukudluliswa komuntu (ngokubambisana noFrances Vaughan), La Table Ronde, France, 1984.

UWilber Ken.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, isazi sefilosofi kanye nesifundiswa, uWilber ushicilele izincwadi ezingamashumi amabili ngesiNgisi, ezintathu zazo zihunyushelwe kwisiFulentshi: Umbono weholographic (IHolographic Paradigm), Le jour, ummemezeli, eCanada, 1984; Amehlo amathathu olwazi (Iso Ngeso), Duditions Du Rocher, Monaco, 1987; futhi Umlando omfushane wakho konke (Umlando Omfushane Wakho Konke), Itionsditions De Mortagne, Canada, 1997. Kuthiwa waphumelela kangcono kunanoma ngubani ekuvuleni isayikholoji yaseNtshonalanga emibonweni ejulile yobuhlakani bamakhosi amakhulu.

Inhlangano ye-Transpersonal Psychology

Isungulwe e1972, yisakhiwo sokuqala senhlangano. Isethulo esifushane nesinembile sezinkolelo zomuntu siqu. Ushicilela iThe Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.

www.atpweb.org

Inhlangano ye-French Transpersonnel Association

I-bridgehead eyinhloko yokunyakaza emhlabeni okhuluma isiFulentshi eYurophu. Imibhalo eminingi ebalulekile kanye nezinkomba.

www.ibubung.org

Isikhungo seQuebec Transpersonal Psychology

Isungulwe ngo-1985, lesi sikhungo sinikeza ukwelulekwa komuntu ngamunye, ama-workshops eqembu nokuqeqeshwa. Kukhona nemicabango eminingana ezindleleni ezenziwa ngabantu.

www.mobisoft.com

Isikhungo seTranspersonnal Psychology, uPalo Alto, eCalifornie

Lesi sikhungo, esasungulwa e1975, sisasebenza kakhulu emfundweni ehlelekile futhi eqhubekayo. Ukuze uhlale wazi ukuthi kwenzekani ekuhambeni.

www.itp.edu

IQuebec Society of Professional Psychotherapists

Akukho nhlangano yabasebenzi eQuebec, kepha abanye odokotela bale nhlangano bangafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa umxhumanisi womphakathi wabasebenza ngokusebenza kwengqondo (thayipha abasebenza ngenjini yokusesha).

www.seqp.org