Okuqukethwe
Ama-microelements (ama-micronutrients) yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho umsebenzi obalulekile wezinto eziphilayo uncike khona.
Aziwona umthombo wamandla, kodwa zinesibopho sokusabela kwamakhemikhali okubalulekile. Kudingeka ngamanani amancane kakhulu (inani losuku likalwa ngama-milli-nama-micrograms, ngaphansi kwama-200 mg).
Uma umzimba womuntu ungaphansi kokuhlaziywa okuphelele, kuyacaca: siqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali amakhemikhali, ama-30 awo angama-microelements. Banesibopho sokusebenza kahle komzimba womuntu, futhi ukuntula kwabo kunomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni yabantu abadala kanye nokukhula kwezingane.
Micronutrients: kuyini
Iqembu lama-micronutrients kwisayensi ngokuvamile lihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: izinto ezibalulekile (ezibalulekile); zibalulekile ngokwemibandela (ezibalulekile emzimbeni, kodwa azivamile ukushoda).
Izinto ezincane ezibalulekile yilezi: insimbi (Fe); ithusi (Cu); iodine (I); i-zinc (Zn); i-cobalt (i-Cobalt); i-chromium (Cr); i-molybdenum (Mo); selenium (Se); IManganese (Mn).
Ama-micronutrients abalulekile ngokwemibandela: i-boron (B); i-bromine (Br); i-fluorine (F); i-lithium (Li); i-nickel (Ni); i-silicon (Si); i-vanadium (V).
Ngokuya kwesinye isigaba, izakhi zokulandelela zihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3:
- izakhi ezizinzile: Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, B, Si, F, I (ngenani elingaba ngu-0,05%);
- Ama-elementi angama-20 akhona ekugxiliseni okungaphansi kuka-0,001%;
- iqembu elincane lokungcola okuzinzile ngokweqile kuholela ezifweni (Mn, He, Ar, Hg, Tl, Bi, Al, Cr, Cd).
Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zokulandelela kubantu
Cishe zonke izinqubo ze-biochemical zincike ebhalansi yezakhi zokulandelela. Futhi nakuba inani labo elidingekayo linqunywa ama-micrograms, indima yalezi zakhi zikhulu. Ikakhulukazi, inqubo yekhwalithi ye-metabolism, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-enzyme, amahomoni namavithamini emzimbeni kuncike kuma-microelements. Lawa ma-microsubstances aqinisa amasosha omzimba, akhuthaze i-hematopoiesis, ukuthuthukiswa okufanele nokukhula kwezicubu zamathambo. Ibhalansi ye-alkali nama-acids, ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuzala kuncike kubo. Ezingeni lamaseli, asekela ukusebenza kwe-membrane; ezicutshini, zifaka isandla ekushintshaneni komoyampilo.
Ososayensi bathi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali oketshezi emangqamuzaneni omzimba womuntu kufana nefomula yamanzi olwandle enkathini yangaphambi komlando. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuhlanganisa izakhi ezibalulekile zokulandelela. Futhi lapho umzimba untula into eyodwa noma enye, iqala "ukuyincela" ngokwayo (kusuka ezicutshini lapho izakhi eziqoqiwe).
Ukushoda kwe-Micronutrient kanye ne-overdose
Noma yikuphi ukungavumelani kwezakhi zokulandelela cishe njalo ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi kanye nezinguquko ze-pathological emzimbeni.
Futhi njengoba ezinye izifundo zibonisa, ukungalingani kwezinto ezincane zamandla ahlukahlukene kutholakala kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ezintathu zeplanethi.
Phakathi kwezizathu ezidala ukushoda noma ukuchichima kwezinto eziwusizo, imvamisa yilezi:
- imvelo embi;
- ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, izimo ezicindezelayo;
- ukungondleki kahle;
- ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezithile.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zokulandelela ezingekho kumuntu, kanye nokuthola izinga eliqondile lokuntuleka kungenziwa kuphela endaweni yaselabhorethri ngokunikela ngegazi ukuze kuhlaziywe amakhemikhali e-biochemical. Kodwa ukungalingani kwezakhi kungabuye kucatshangelwe ezinye izimpawu zangaphandle.
Ngokunokwenzeka, umuntu uhlangabezana nokushoda kwezakhamzimba uma:
- ngokuvamile evezwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- izimpawu ezicacile zokuzivikela okubuthakathaka;
- isimo esiwohlokayo sezinwele, izinzipho, isikhumba (izinduna, ukuqubuka);
- wacasuka, wathambekela ekucindezelekeni.
Izimo zokushoda kwama-micronutrient
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlaziya ngokucophelela isimo sempilo yakho, ngisho nangaphandle kokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, ngezinye izikhathi unganquma ukuthi iyiphi i-micronutrient edingwa ngumzimba, okushodayo okwamanje:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile - ukuntuleka kwezinto ezifana ne-chromium, i-zinc, i-manganese.
- Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla - ukushoda kwe-zinc, i-chromium.
- I-Dysbacteriosis - i-zinc eyanele.
- I-Allergy Yokudla - Ukuntuleka kweZinc.
- Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Prostate - Ukuntuleka kweZinc.
- Ukwanda koshukela we-plasma - ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium, i-chromium, i-manganese, i-zinc.
- Izinzipho eziqinile - ayinele i-silicon ne-selenium.
- Ukukhula kancane kwezinzipho nezinwele - amazinga ancishisiwe e-selenium, i-zinc, i-magnesium, i-silicon.
- Izinwele ziyawa - i-silicon, i-selenium, i-zinc iyashoda.
- Amabala ansundu esikhumbeni - ukuntuleka kwethusi, i-manganese, i-selenium.
- Ukucasuka nokuvuvukala esikhumbeni - isignali yokuntuleka kwe-zinc, i-selenium, i-silicon.
- Izinduna ukuntula chromium, selenium, zinc.
- Ukuqubuka kwe-allergic - ayanele i-selenium noma i-zinc.
Ngendlela, iqiniso elithakazelisayo mayelana nezinwele. Kungenxa yesakhiwo sabo ukuthi kulula ukucacisa ukuntula kwezakhi zokulandelela. Ngokuvamile, ama-microorganisms angu-20 kuya kwangu-30 amelwe ezinweleni, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma umchamo kuzobonisa izinga lezakhi ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-10 emzimbeni.
Indlela yokugcina ibhalansi
Kunemithetho eminingana yokubuyisela ibhalansi yezakhi zokulandelela. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi noma olusha kuzo, kodwa ngesigqi sesimanje sempilo, kwesinye isikhathi siyakhohlwa izeluleko zalaba dokotela.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqapha impilo yesimiso sezinzwa, uvakashele njalo umoya omusha futhi udle ngendlela efanele.
Phela, umthombo ongcono kakhulu wezinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo ukudla okungokwemvelo kwemvelo.
Ngendlela, uma sikhuluma ngemithombo yokudla, khona-ke iningi lazo zonke izinto ezincane zitholakala ekudleni kwezitshalo. Umholi phakathi kwemikhiqizo yezilwane angabizwa ngokuthi ubisi, lapho kukhona 22 trace element. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuhlushwa kwezakhi kuwo kuphansi kangangokuthi akudingekile ukukhuluma ngobisi njengomkhiqizo okwazi ukuqinisekisa ibhalansi yezinto. Ngakho-ke, izazi zokudla zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco nokuhlukahlukene.
Kodwa ngokusho kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo, kungaba iphutha ukucabanga ukuthi, isibonelo, wonke utamatisi emhlabeni unesethi efanayo yama-microelements. Futhi ngisho noma umkhiqizo uqukethe izakhi ezifanayo, inani labo lingahluka kakhulu. Lezi zinkomba zithintwa izinga lomhlabathi, izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo kanye nezikhathi zokuna kwemvula. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nemifino ehlukahlukene efanayo, eqoqwe embhedeni ofanayo, ingahluka kakhulu ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali.
Izimbangela zokushoda kwe-micronutrient:
- i-ecology empofu, ethinta ukwakheka kwamanzi kasawoti wamaminerali;
- ukwelashwa okushisa okungalungile kwemikhiqizo (kuholela ekulahlekelweni cishe kwe-100-percent kwezakhi);
- izifo zesistimu yokugaya (ukuphazamisa ukumuncwa okufanele kwama-microorganisms);
- ukudla okunomsoco (i-mono-diet).
| I-Microelement | Izinzuzo zomzimba | Imiphumela yokushoda | Imithombo ye |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Kuyadingeka ekujikelezeni kwegazi nokugcina impilo yesimiso sezinzwa. | Ukushoda kwegazi. | Inyama yenkomo, isibindi, inhlanzi roe, apula, nokunye okufana nokolweni, okusanhlamvu, amapentshisi, amabhilikosi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Copper | Ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya zegazi elibomvu, ukumuncwa kwensimbi, igcina ukunwebeka kwesikhumba. | I-anemia, i-pigmentation esikhumbeni, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukwehla kwe-pathological ekushiseni komzimba. | Ukudla kwasolwandle, amantongomane. |
| Zinc | Kubalulekile ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ibamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni amahomoni, iqinisa amasosha omzimba. | Ukunciphisa ukuzivikela, ukuthuthukiswa kokucindezeleka, ukulahlekelwa izinwele. | I-Buckwheat, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu, imbewu (amathanga), ubhontshisi, ubhanana. |
| I-iodine | Isekela ukusebenza kwendlala yegilo namaseli ezinzwa, into elwa namagciwane. | I-Goiter, ukukhula okubambezelekile (ngokwengqondo) ezinganeni. | Izimila zasolwandle, ama-walnuts. |
| I-Manganese | Ikhuthaza ukushintshaniswa kwamafutha acid, ilawula i-cholesterol. | I-Atherossteosis, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol. | Amantongomane, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu. |
| Cobalt | Ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwamaprotheni. | Imetabolism engalungile. | Ama-strawberries, ama-strawberries asendle, ama-legumes, ama-beet. |
| selenium | I-Antioxidant, ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ibambezela ukuguga, iqinisa amasosha omzimba. | Ukuphefumula, i-arrhythmia, ukuzivikela okubuthakathaka, izifo ezithathelwanayo ezivamile. | Ukudla kwasolwandle, amakhowe, amagilebhisi ahlukene. |
| I-fluorine | Iqinisa amathambo, amazinyo, isekela impilo yoqweqwe lwawo. | I-fluorosis, izifo zezinsini namazinyo. | Konke ukudla kwemifino, amanzi. |
| Chrome | Ibamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwama-carbohydrate kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. | Ukwanda koshukela wegazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, ukumuncwa okungalungile kwe-glucose. | Amakhowe, okusanhlamvu okuphelele. |
| I-Molybdenum | Ivuselela imetabolism, ikhuthaza ukuwohloka kwe-lipid. | Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism, ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla. | Isipinashi, izinhlobo ezahlukene iklabishi, blackcurrant, gooseberries. |
| I-Bromine | Inezici zokudambisa, iqinisa umzimba nge-cardiovascular, izifo zamathumbu, ikhulula ama-cramps. | Ukukhula kancane ezinganeni, ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin, ukuqwasha, ukuphuphuma kwezisu ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhulelwa. | Amantongomane, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, izimila zasolwandle, izinhlanzi zasolwandle. |
I-trace elements iyimisoco ebalulekile kubantu. Izinqubo ze-metabolic, ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwengane, ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo (kuhlanganise nokuzala), ukugcinwa kwempilo nokuzivikela komzimba kuncike kuzo. Futhi njengoba umzimba ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ama-micronutrients wodwa, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukudla okunengqondo nokulinganiselayo ukuze ugcwalise ukunikezwa kwezinto ezidingekayo nsuku zonke.