Okuqukethwe
U-Alexey Nikolaevich ungumlobi odumile waseRussia naseSoviet. Umsebenzi wakhe unezici eziningi futhi ugqamile. Akazange ame ohlotsheni olulodwa. Wabhala amanoveli mayelana nesikhathi samanje futhi usebenza ngezindikimba zomlando, wadala izinganekwane zezingane kanye namanoveli e-autobiographical, izindaba ezimfushane nemidlalo.
UTolstoy wayephila ezikhathini ezinzima. Wathola iMpi YaseRussia-Japanese, iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, inguquko, ukuketulwa kwesigodlo kanye neMpi Enkulu Yokushisekela Izwe. Ngafunda kokwami ukuthi kuyini ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe nokukhumbula ekhaya. U-Alexei Nikolaevich akakwazanga ukuhlala eRussia entsha futhi waya phesheya, kodwa uthando lwakhe ngezwe lwamphoqa ukuba abuyele ekhaya.
Zonke lezi zenzakalo zibonakala ezincwadini zakhe. Wadlula endleleni enzima yokudala. Manje u-Alexei Nikolaevich uthatha indawo evelele ezincwadini zesiRashiya.
Uma ufuna ukujwayelana nomsebenzi womlobi, qaphela isilinganiso sethu semisebenzi edume kakhulu ka-Alexei Tolstoy.
10 Ukufuduka
Le noveli yabhalwa ngo-1931. Isekelwe ezehlakalweni zangempela. Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wawunegama elihlukile elithi "Igolide Elimnyama". Ngemva kokumangalelwa yi-Association of Proletarian Writers, u-Tolstoy wayibhala kabusha ngokuphelele.
Enkabeni yesakhiwo kukhona amaqhinga ezezimali nezepolitiki eqembu lamaqili - amaRussia. abafuduki. Abalingiswa abayinhloko yisikhulu sebutho le-Semenovsky uNalymov kanye nenkosikazi yangaphambili uChuvashova. Baphoqeleka ukuthi bahlale kude nezwe lakubo. Ukulahlekelwa yimpahla kanye nesimo sangaphambili akulutho uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthi laba bantu bazilahlekele ...
9. U-Ivan Tsarevich kanye neGrey Wolf
U-Alexei Nikolaevich waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zezingane zaseRussia. Indawo ekhethekile ihlalwa yimisebenzi yobuciko bendabuko bomlomo. Walungiselela iqoqo elikhulu lezinganekwane zaseRussia zezingane.
Omunye odume kakhulu - "Ivan Tsarevich kanye Grey Wolf". Isizukulwane sezingane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa sakhulela kule nganekwane. Indaba yezenzakalo ezingavamile zendodana ye-tsar u-Ivan izoba nesithakazelo ezinganeni zanamuhla.
Inganekwane ifundisa umusa futhi ikwenza kucace ukuthi wonke umuntu uyavuzwa ngokwezingwadule zawo. Umqondo oyinhloko ukuthi kufanele ulalele iseluleko sabantu abanolwazi oluthe xaxa, ngaphandle kwalokho ungangena esimweni esinzima.
8. Ubuntwana bukaNikita
Indaba kaTolstoy, eyabhalwa ngo-1920. Uyi-autobiographical. U-Alexei Nikolaevich wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe edolobhaneni laseSosnovka, eliseduze neSamara.
Umlingiswa oyinhloko u-Nikita ungumfana ovela emndenini ohloniphekile. Uneminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Uyafunda, uyaphupha, udlala nezingane zasemakhaya, uyalwa futhi wenza ukuthula, futhi uyazijabulisa. Indaba yembula umhlaba wakhe womoya.
Umqondo oyinhloko womsebenzi "Ubuntwana bukaNikita" – ukufundisa izingane ukuhlukanisa okuhle nokubi. Kungalesi sikhathi senjabulo lapho kubekwa khona izisekelo zesimilo somntwana. Ukuthi ukhula njengomuntu ofanelekayo kuxhomeke kakhulu kubazali bakhe nasendaweni akhulele kuyo.
7. Ubusuku obubandayo
Indaba Yempi Yombango. Ibhalwe ngo-1928. Indaba ixoxwa egameni lesikhulu u-Ivanov. Uhola iqembu le-Red Army. Kukhishwe umyalelo wokuthi kubanjwe umgwaqo wesitimela i-Debaltseve, ngoba ama-echelons ayisikhombisa e-White Guards asevele ebheke lapha.
Ezinye izazi zemibhalo zikholelwa ukuthi uTolstoy wabhala "Ubusuku be-Frosty"ugqugquzelwe yindaba yothile. Akukho ukuqinisekiswa kwalezi zenzakalo okuye kwatholakala, kodwa iningi lamagama ashiwo endabeni angawabantu bangempela.
6. UPetru WokuQala
Inoveli ngendikimba yomlando. U-Alexei Nikolayevich wabhala iminyaka engu-15. Waqala ukusebenza ngo-1929. Izincwadi ezimbili zokuqala zanyatheliswa ngo-1934. Ngo-1943, uTolstoy waqala ukubhala ingxenye yesithathu, kodwa akazange abe naso isikhathi sokuyiqeda.
Le noveli ichaza izenzakalo zangempela zomlando ezenzeka kusukela ngo-1682 kuya ku-1704.
“UPetru Wokuqala” ayizange ibonakale ezikhathini zamaSoviet. Waletha uTolstoy impumelelo enkulu. Umsebenzi waze wabizwa ngokuthi indinganiso yenoveli yomlando. Umlobi udweba ukufana phakathi kwe-tsar noStalin, walungisa uhlelo olukhona lwamandla, olusekelwe ebudloveni.
5. Unjiniyela we-Hyperboloid uGarin
Inoveli yefantasy eyabhalwa ngo-1927. U-Tolstoy waphefumulelwa ukuba ayidale ngokukhala komphakathi ngokwakhiwa kombhoshongo weShukhov. Lesi yisikhumbuzo se-rationalism yaseSoviet, etholakala eMoscow eShabolovka. Umbhoshongo womsakazo ne-TV.
Imayelana nani inoveli? "Unjiniyela we-Hyperboloid uGarin"? Umsunguli onekhono futhi ongenazimiso udala isikhali esingacekela phansi yonke into esendleleni yaso. UGarin unezinhlelo ezinkulu: ufuna ukuthatha umhlaba.
Isihloko esiyinhloko sencwadi yisibopho sokuziphatha kososayensi kubantu abavamile.
4. Ukhiye Wegolide, noma I-Adventures ye-Pinocchio
Mhlawumbe incwadi edume kakhulu kaTolstoy. Sonke isakhamuzi sezwe lakithi sesiyifundile okungenani kanye.
Le ndaba yenganekwane ithathelwe ezincwadini zomsebenzi kaCarlo Collodi mayelana ne-Pinocchio. Ngo-1933 uTolstoy wasayina isivumelwano nenkampani yokunyathelisa yaseRussia. Wayezobhala eyakhe incwadi elandisa kabusha ngencwadi yesiNtaliyane, ayilungisele izingane. I-Collodi inezigcawu eziningi ezinodlame. U-Alexei Nikolaevich wathatheka kangangokuthi wanquma ukwengeza kancane endabeni, ukuyishintsha. Umphumela ubonakale ungalindelekile - bekukuncane kakhulu okufanayo phakathi kuka-Pinocchio no-Pinocchio.
“Ukhiye Wegolide, noma Izigigaba zikaPinocchio” - hhayi kuphela okuthakazelisayo, kodwa nomsebenzi ofundisayo. Ngenxa yakhe, izingane ziyaqonda ukuthi izingozi zivame ukuvela ngenxa yokungalaleli kwe-banal. Incwadi ifundisa ukuthi ungabesabi ubunzima, ube umngane onomusa nothembekile, umuntu onesibindi nesibindi.
3. I-Adventures yaseNevzorov, noma i-Ibicus
Omunye umsebenzi kaTolstoy ozinikezele eMpini Yombango. Umbhali wathi indaba "I-Adventures yaseNevzorov, noma i-Ibicus" kwaba ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wokubhala ngemva kokubuyela eRussia esuka ekufudukeni. Wahlangabezana nokungavunyelwa ezweni, njengoba uTolstoy ezama ukuchaza izenzakalo ezibuhlungu ngendlela ehlekisayo.
I-protagonist - isisebenzi esinesizotha sehhovisi lezokuthutha i-Nevzorov iwela ku-maelstrom yezenzakalo zeMpi Yombango.
Umbhali ukhombise inkathi yomlando enzima ngeso leqola elincane.
2. Ehamba phakathi kokuhlushwa
Umsebenzi ophumelele kakhulu futhi odumile weTolstoy. Umbhali waklonyeliswa uMklomelo kaStalin. Wasebenza ku-trilogy iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 (1920-1941).
Ngonyaka ongu-1937 “Umgwaqo Oya eKalvari” zawela ezincwadini eziningi ezivinjelwe, zonke zabhujiswa. U-Alexey Nikolaevich wayibhala kabusha le noveli izikhathi eziningana, ekhipha izingcezu ezazingafunwa yiziphathimandla zaseSoviet. Manje umsebenzi ufakwe esikhwameni segolide sezincwadi zomhlaba.
Le noveli ichaza isiphetho sezihlakaniphi zaseRussia phakathi nenguquko ka-1917.
Incwadi isiqoshwe izikhathi eziningi.
1. Aelita
Ama-Classics of fantasy kazwelonke. UTolstoy wabhala le noveli ngo-1923 ekudingisweni. Kamuva, wayenza kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe, wayilungisa nezimfuneko zezindlu zokushicilela zezingane nezamaSoviet. Ususe iningi leziqephu nezinto eziyimfihlakalo, inoveli yaphenduka indaba. Okwamanje, umsebenzi ukhona ezinguqulweni ezimbili.
Lena indaba kanjiniyela uMstislav Los kanye nesosha u-Alexei Gusev. Bandizela ku-Mars futhi bathole impucuko ethuthuke kakhulu lapho. UMstislav uthandana nendodakazi yombusi weplanethi u-Aelita…
Abagxeki bayithola kabi le ndaba. "Aelitu" saziswa kakhulu kamuva. Manje kubhekwa njengengxenye yezinto eziphilayo zikaTolstoy. Ihloselwe izethameli zentsha. Indaba ilula futhi iyajabulisa ukuyifunda.