I-tibia (kusuka kuLatin tibia, umtshingo) iyithambo lesitho esingaphansi esisezingeni lomlenze, phakathi kwedolo neqakala.

I-tibia ne-fibula, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fibula, yakha i-skeleton yomlenze, isifunda se-anatomical esiphakathi kwedolo ne-ankle. Lawa mathambo amabili axhunywe ndawonye ulwelwesi olunqamulelayo.

Ukwakheka. I-tibia iyithambo elide eliyithambo lesibili ngobukhulu ngemva kwe-femur. Iqukethe :

• yomkhawulo owodwa, noma i-epiphysis, eseduze ne-voluminous factor futhi ivumela ukukhuluma ne-femur kanye ne-fibula ukwakha idolo.
• umzimba, obizwa ngokuthi i-diaphysis, umumo ongunxantathu lapho usikwa.
• komunye umkhawulo, noma i-epiphysis, i-distal, engakhanyi kakhulu kune-proximal, futhi ikhuluma nge-fibula ne-talus yokwakha iqakala (1).

Ukufaka. I-tibia yisiza sokufakwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-ligament, okuhlanganyela emalungeni amadolo namaqakala, kanye nokufakwa kwemisipha okuhlanganyela ekunyakazeni komlenze.

Ukusekela isisindo somzimba. I-tibia idlulisa isisindo somzimba kusuka ku-femur kuya onyaweni (2).

Amadolo dynamics. I-dynamics yamadolo idlula ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-femoro-tibial futhi ivumela ukunyakaza kwe-flexion, isandiso, ukujikeleza kanye ne-lateral (3).

Amandla we-ankle. I-dynamics ye-ankle idlula ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-talocrural futhi ivumela ukunyakaza kwe-dorsiflexion (flexion) kanye ne-plantar flexion (isandiso) (4).

Ukuphuka komlenze. I-tibia ingaphuka. Enye yezingxenye ezithinteke kakhulu yi-tibial shaft, indawo emincane kakhulu yethambo. Ukuphuka kwe-tibia kungase kuhambisane nalokho kwe-fibula.

I-Tibial périostitis. Ihambisana nesilonda esibonakala njengokuvuvukala ezingeni lobuso bangaphakathi be-tibia. Ibonakala njengobuhlungu obubukhali emlenzeni. Le pathology ivame ukuvela kubasubathi bezemidlalo. (5)

Izifo zethambo. Izifo eziningi zingathinta amathambo futhi ziguqule ukwakheka kwawo.

• I-Osteoporosis: Lokhu ukuncipha kwamathambo okuvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60. Amathambo abo abe esentekenteke futhi athambekele ekuqhekekeni.
• I-Bone dystrophy. Le pathology ihlanganisa ukukhula okungavamile noma ukulungiswa kabusha kwezicubu zamathambo futhi ihlanganisa izifo eziningi. Sithola ikakhulukazi isifo sikaPaget (6), esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu, ezibangela ukuminyana kanye nokuguqulwa kwamathambo futhi kubonakaliswa ubuhlungu. I-Algodystrophy ihambelana nokubukeka kobuhlungu kanye / noma ukuqina okulandela ukuhlukumezeka (ukuphuka, ukuhlinzwa, njll.).

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Kuye ngesifo, ukwelashwa okuhlukene kungase kunqunywe ukulawula noma ukuqinisa izicubu zamathambo noma ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Kuye ngohlobo lokuphuka, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokufaka ipuleti eligcinwe ngezikulufa, izipikili noma ngisho ne-fixator yangaphandle.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokuphuka, i-plaster cast izokwenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha. I-X-ray, i-CT, i-MRI, i-scintigraphy noma ukuhlolwa kwe-bone densitometry kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ama-pathologies amathambo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha. Ukuze ubone izifo ezithile, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi noma komchamo kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso se-phosphorus noma i-calcium.

I-etymology yegama elithi tibia (kusuka kwelesiLatini efudumele, umtshingo) ingachazwa ngokufanisa ukuma kwethambo nensimbi yomculo.