Ushukela ungomunye wemikhiqizo ephikisana kakhulu yesikhathi sethu. Nakuba ushukela ngendlela eyodwa noma enye - i-fructose, i-glucose - itholakala cishe kukho konke ukudla, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu nezithelo nemifino, umkhuba wukuthi ushukela uyimfashini ukuthethisa. Futhi ngempela, uma kunoshukela omningi omhlophe ngendlela ehlanzekile futhi kumaswidi, kuzoba nemiphumela emibi eminingi empilweni. Ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukashukela kungaba nomthelela ekulahlekelweni kwe-calcium emzimbeni.
Akunangqondo ukuthi abantu abanempilo bawuyeke ngokuphelele ushukela, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzophumelela - njengoba, futhi, uqukethwe emikhiqizweni eminingi ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko ngeke sikhulume ngokwenqatshwa ushukela njengento, okungukuthi kusuka ku-sucrose-fructose-glucose, kanye noshukela njengomkhiqizo wokudla wezimboni - okungukuthi, ushukela omhlophe ocwengekile, ovame ukungezwa itiye, ikhofi. namalungiselelo enziwe ekhaya.
Namuhla, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ushukela omhlophe - owawuvame ukubhekwa ngokungenamibandela njengomkhiqizo owusizo futhi odingekayo - unohlangothi olumnyama. Ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyingozi. Futhi, nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho koshukela omhlophe lapho usukhulile - kuphakamisa i-cholesterol kubantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi labo abajwayele ukukhuluphala. Kodwa “ukukhawulela” akusho “ukwenqaba”. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza kubantu asebekhulile ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate (kuhlanganise noshukela) cishe ngo-20-25% kusukela kokujwayelekile kubantu abanempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu babika ukuqhuma komsebenzi nokunganaki lapho bedla inani elikhulu leshukela elimhlophe ekudleni kwabo.
Isithakazelo ekudleni okunempilo kanye nokusesha ezinye izindlela zoshukela omhlophe ovamile kukhula, ngakho-ke sizozama ukuhlola ukuthi hlobo luni lukashukela kanye nezindawo zalo. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, singakhetha kangcono ukudla kwethu. Ingabe sizothola indawo efanelekayo yoshukela omhlophe?
Izinhlobonhlobo zoshukela wemvelo
Okokuqala, ake sikhumbule ukuthi uyini ushukela wezimboni ngokwawo. Lokhu kungase kuthakazelise labo abacabanga ukusuka kushukela omhlophe baye kowemvelo owengeziwe:
- Ushukela omhlophe: -isanti kanye noshukela ocolisisiwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umoba enqubweni yokwenza ushukela omhlophe "ojwayelekile" ungaphansi kokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali: i-slaked lime, i-sulphur dioxide ne-carbonic acid. Akuzwakali kukhanga kakhulu, akunjalo?
- Ushukela “womoba” onsundu: ujusi womoba ofanayo uphathwa nge-slaked lime (ukuvikela umthengi ebuthini obuqukethwe kujusi), kodwa lokho kumayelana nakho. Lona ushukela ongahluziwe (ushukela “onsuqu”), okuthi (ngezinye izikhathi odayiswe uxutshwe noshukela omhlophe ojwayelekile) uvame ukudliwa abameli bendlela yokuphila enempilo - nakuba. Inokunambitheka okucebile kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Akulula ukuthola ushukela wangempela “onsundu” odayiswa ezweni lakithi, uvame ukwenziwa umgunyathi (umthetho awukuvimbeli lokhu). Futhi ngendlela, akuwona umkhiqizo wokudla okuluhlaza, ngoba. Ijusi yomoba isafakwe i-pasteurized, ibulala amagciwane ayingozi - nama-enzyme.
- Ushukela otholakala kuma-beet ashukela nawo "ufile", umkhiqizo ocwengisiswe kakhulu, oshisiswe cishe ku-60 ° C (i-pasteurization) futhi uphathwa nge-lime ne-carbonic acid. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukukhiqizwa koshukela ngendlela esiyijwayele akunakwenzeka.
- Ushukela we-maple (kanye nesiraphu) kuyindlela engokwemvelo ethe xaxa ngenxa yokuthi ujusi womunye wezinhlobo ezintathu “zoshukela” zesihlahla somquba (imephu “emnyama”, “obomvu” noma “ushukela”) umane ubilisiwe ukuze uvumelane ngendlela oyifunayo. . Ushukela onjalo ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "ushukela waseMelika waseMelika". bawupheka ngokwesiko. Kulezi zinsuku, ushukela we-maple udumile e-Canada nase-US Northeast, kodwa awuvamile ezweni lakithi. Isexwayiso: Lona AKUWONA umkhiqizo wokudla okuluhlaza.
- Ushukela wesundu (jagre) umbiwa e-Asia: kuhl. eNdiya, eSri Lanka, eMaldives - kusukela kujusi wezikhwebu zezimbali zezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zezihlahla zesundu. Imvamisa isundu likakhukhunathi, ngakho-ke lo shukela ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa nangokuthi "ukhukhunathi" (okuyinto efanayo, kodwa uzwakala ukhanga kakhulu). Isundu ngasinye sinikeza ushukela ofinyelela ku-250 kg ngonyaka, kuyilapho isihlahla singonakalisiwe. Ngakho-ke kuwuhlobo oluthile lwezimiso zokuziphatha. Ushukela wesundu utholakala nangokuhwamuka.
- Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zikashukela: amabele (edumile e-USA), njll.
Ama-sweeteners amakhemikhali
Uma ngesizathu esithile (kanye nodokotela!) Awufuni ukudla ushukela "ovamile", khona-ke kuzodingeka uphendukele kuma-sweeteners. Zingokwemvelo futhi zenziwe (amakhemikhali), ezibizwa nangokuthi "ama-sweeteners okufakelwa". Ama-sweeteners amnandi (ngezinye izikhathi amnandi kunoshukela ngokwawo!) futhi ngokuvamile aphansi ngamakholori kunoshukela "ovamile". Lokhu kuhle kulabo abalahlekelwa isisindo futhi akukuhle kakhulu, isibonelo, kubagijimi, ngokuphambene nalokho, "abangane" abanamakholori - ngakho-ke, ushukela uyingxenye cishe yazo zonke iziphuzo zezemidlalo. Ngendlela, ukuyithatha ngisho nakwezemidlalo akuvamile ukulunga, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe njengengxenye yokudla okugcwele.
Amaswidi anoshukela anoshukela adumile. Eziyisi-7 kuphela zazo ezivunyelwe emazweni athuthukile, njenge-USA:
- Stevia (sizokhuluma ngakho ngezansi);
- I-Aspartame (eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengephephile yi-American FDA, kodwa ibhekwa ngokungekho emthethweni ngokuthi “” ngokwemiphumela -);
- ;
- (E961);
- I-Ace-K Nutrinova (, E950);
- I-Saccharin (!);
- .
Ukunambitheka kwalezi zinto akufani ngaso sonke isikhathi noshukela - okungukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi, ngokucacile "amakhemikhali", ngakho-ke azivamile ukudliwa ngendlela ehlanzekile noma eziphuzweni ezijwayelekile, kaningi eziphuzweni ze-carbonated, amaswidi, njll. imikhiqizo lapho ukunambitheka. ingalawuleka.
Kuma-sweeteners afana nobumnandi kushukela, i-sorbitol (E420) ne-xylitol (E967) iyathandwa. Lezi zinto zikhona kwamanye amajikijolo nezithelo ngenani elincane elingafanelekile ukukhishwa kwezimboni, ngezinye izikhathi okusebenza njengezaba zokungakhangiswa okuqotho ngokuphelele. Kodwa atholakala ngokwezimboni - ngamakhemikhali - nge. I-Xylitol inenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi (i-7 iphansi kakhulu, uma iqhathaniswa ne-100 ye-glucose ehlanzekile!), Ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi ikhuthazwa ngokuthi "inobungane" noma "iphephile" kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, okuyinto, ngokusobala, akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Futhi nansi elinye iqiniso, eliculwa ekukhangiseni: ukuthi uma uhlafuna i-chewing gum nge-xylitol, khona-ke "ibhalansi ye-alkali emlonyeni izobuyiselwa - lokhu kuyiqiniso elimsulwa. (Nakuba iphuzu liwukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamathe kunciphisa i-asidi). Kodwa ngokuvamile, izinzuzo ze-xylitol zincane kakhulu, futhi ngo-2015 ososayensi baseMelika ukuthi i-xylitol ayinawo nhlobo umphumela obalulekile ku-koqweqwe lwamazinyo futhi akuphazamisi ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-caries.
Enye i-sweetener eyaziwa kakhulu - (E954) - iyisengezo samakhemikhali, imnandi izikhathi ezingu-300 kunoshukela, futhi ayinayo inani lamandla (ukudla) nhlobo, ikhishwa ngokuphelele emchameni (njenge-neotame, ne-acesulfame, ne-advantam). Ukufaneleka kwayo kuphela ukunambitheka kwayo okumnandi. I-Saccharin ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa i-biabetes, esikhundleni sikashukela, ukunikeza ukunambitheka okujwayelekile kweziphuzo nokudla. I-Saccharin iyingozi ekugayeni ukudla, kodwa “izakhiwo zayo ezibangela umdlavuza” okusolwa ukuthi “zitholwe” ngephutha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okudabukisayo kwamagundane ngawo-1960s, manje sekuphikiswe ngokwethembekile yisayensi. Abantu abanempilo engcono bakhetha ushukela omhlophe ojwayelekile kune-saccharin.
Njengoba ungabona, ngokujwayelekile, nge "chemistry", okubonakala sengathi yakhelwe ukufaka esikhundleni sikashukela "oyingozi", akuyona yonke into enhle! Ukuphepha kwamanye alawa ma-sweeteners kuyangabazeka, nakuba kuhambisana nobuchwepheshe (kuze kube manje!) Ngisanda kufunda.
Ama-sweeteners emvelo
Igama elithi "imvelo" lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhangiseni, nakuba imvelo igcwele "imvelo engu-100%", "100% yemifino" kanye "nobuthi" bemvelo! Iqiniso liwukuthi ezinye izindlela zemvelo kunoshukela omhlophe aziphephile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- I-Fructose, eyakhangiswa kabanzi ngawo-1990 njengomkhiqizo wezempilo, futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bahlushwa ukungabekezelelani kwe-fructose (zombili izithelo nezithelo ezomisiwe azimunwa kahle yizo). Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fructose ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nobungozi bokukhuluphala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ... nesifo sikashukela. Kwenzekani ngempela lapho “abakulwelayo, bagijimela kulokho”?
- - i-sweetener ethola ukuthandwa kulezi zinsuku - nayo ayizange ihambe phambili kunoshukela ngokwempilo. I-Stevia ithakaselwa kakhulu njengengxenye yokudla okune-carb ephansi kanye noshukela omncane (isifo sikashukela), futhi isetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula amaqiniso amabili. 1) I-Stevia inomlando wothando (wokukhangisa) wokusetshenziswa amaNdiya aseGuarani - abantu bomdabu baseBrazil naseParaguay. Kunjalo, kodwa ... lezi zizwe nazo zazinemikhuba emibi, kuhlanganise nobuzimuzimu! - ngakho-ke ukudla kwabo kunzima ukukwenza. Ngendlela, isizwe samaGuarani sasebenzisa lesi sitshalo - ingxenye yeziphuzo zezemidlalo kanye "nokudla okuphezulu". 2) Kwezinye izivivinyo zamagundane, ukusetshenziswa kwesiraphu ye-stevia izinyanga ezi-2 kuholele oketshezini lwesidoda ngo-60% (!): isikhathi samahlaya ajabulisayo, kuze kube kukuthinta wena noma umyeni wakho ... (kumagundane lokhu kwenqatshwa.) Mhlawumbe Umthelela we-stevia awukafundwa ngokwanele kuze kube manje.
- Ushukela kakhukhunathi (wesundu) - ubhekwa ngokufanelekile "njengenkanyezi enkulu enkabeni yehlazo lomphakathi", ngoba. yakhe . Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ithatha indawo kashukela ojwayelekile, i-United States kanye neNtshonalanga iyonke yenza idemoni ukusetshenziswa "kashukela kakhukhunathi" ngokuvamile kudlula okujwayelekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uthola yonke "i-bouquet" yezakhiwo eziyingozi ... ushukela ojwayelekile! "Izinzuzo zezempilo" zikakhukhunathi ushukela, kuhlanganise nokuqukethwe kwawo okunomsoco (i-microscopically!), Yenziwa ihaba ngokungenamahloni ekukhangiseni. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, "ushukela kakhukhunathi" awuhlangene nokhukhunathi! Lona, eqinisweni, ushukela omhlophe ofanayo, kuphela ... otholakala kuncindi wesundu.
- Isiraphu ye-agave imnandi kunoshukela futhi ngokuvamile ilungele wonke umuntu ... ngaphandle kwalokho, akukho okuhle kunoshukela ojwayelekile! Ezinye izazi zokudla ziveza ukuthi isiraphu ye-agave isiphelile “umjikelezo ogcwele” kusukela entweni etuswa umhlaba wonke kuya ekulahlweni kwezazi zokudla okunomsoco. Isiraphu ye-agave imnandi izikhathi ezingu-1.5 kunoshukela kanye nama-calories angu-30%. Inkomba yayo ye-glycemic ayizange isungulwe ngokunembile, nakuba ibhekwa njengephansi (futhi ikhangiswe kanjalo ephaketheni). Nakuba isiraphu ye-agave ikhangiswa njengomkhiqizo "wemvelo", akukho lutho olungokwemvelo kuwo: kungumkhiqizo wokugcina wenqubo yokucubungula amakhemikhali ayinkimbinkimbi yezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo. Okokugcina, isiraphu ye-agave iqukethe okuningi - "okuyinto" ushukela manje ovame ukuthethiswa - kunokushibhile futhi osetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla (HFCS) ... Abanye odokotela baze bafake isiraphu ye-agave "isiraphu yommbila elingisa umkhiqizo wokudla okunempilo." Ngokuvamile, isiraphu ye-agave, empeleni, ayibi kakhulu futhi ayingcono kunoshukela .... Isazi sezokudla esidumile saseMelika uDkt. Oz, owathakasela esidlangalaleni isiraphu ye-agave ekusakazeni kwakhe kwasekuqaleni, usengowakhe.
Okufanele ngikwenze?! Yini okufanele uyikhethe uma kungenjalo ushukela? Nazi ezinye izindlela ezingenzeka ezi-3 ezibonakala ziphephe kakhulu - ngokolwazi oluvela emithonjeni evulekile. Aziphelele, kodwa isamba “sama-pluses” kanye “neminusi” siyawina:
1. Uju – i-allergen eqinile. Futhi uju lwemvelo luwumuthi omkhulu kunokudla (khumbula okuqukethwe ushukela we-23%). Kodwa uma ungezwani noju neminye imikhiqizo yezinyosi, lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu "zokuthatha indawo kashukela" (ngomqondo obanzi). Kudingeka kuphela ukucabangela ukuthi, ngayo yonke inhlonipho efanele emikhiqizweni yokudla okuluhlaza, uju oluhlaza noju "kusuka kumfuyi wezinyosi" (okungazange kudlule ukulawula kanye nesitifiketi - okusho ukuthi kungase kungahlangani ne-GOST!) Ingabe ngisho nangaphezulu kuyingozi ukuluphuza kunokwelashwa ngokushisa: njengokuthi, yithi, , ubisi olungaphekiwe lwenkomo ongalazi… arbo" (eJalimane), "Dana" (Denmark), "Iqhawe" (Switzerland)) - kunoma yisiphi isitolo sokudla sezempilo. Uma ungakhawulelwe nhlobo ezimalini, imfashini yaphesheya uju lwe-Mānuka: inani lezakhiwo ezihlukile lidalwe kuyo. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo loju luvame ukwenziwa ngomgunyathi, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukucela isitifiketi sekhwalithi ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda. Uju alunconywa kubantu bohlobo lwe-Vata (ngokwe-Ayurveda). .
2. I-Stevia isiraphu (uma ungesabi leyo ndaba engavamile mayelana nokuzala kwamagundane-abafana!), isiraphu ye-agave noma umkhiqizo wasekhaya - isiraphu ye-artichoke yaseJerusalema. Uma sibheka imininingwane evela ku-inthanethi, lolu ... uhlobo lwe-analogue yompe lwe-agave, noma, ngokungananazi, oluthathwa “njengomkhiqizo wokudla okunempilo”.
3. .. Futhi-ke, ezinye izithelo ezomisiwe ezinoshukela. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-sweetener kuma-smoothies, idliwe netiye, ikhofi, nezinye iziphuzo uma ujwayele ukuziphuza noshukela. Umuntu kufanele acabangele kuphela ukuthi noma yiziphi, ngisho nekhwalithi ephezulu, izithelo ezomisiwe nazo zinezici eziwusizo nezingase zibe yingozi.
Okokugcina, akekho ozihlupha ngokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kweqiniso sahara – ukugwema imiphumela yamaswidi emzimbeni. Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukashukela okulimazayo, ushukela ngokwawo awuwona "ubuthi", okuthi, ukwahlulela ngedatha ethile yesayensi, kukhona ama-sweeteners ngamanye.