I-tsunami enkulu kunazo zonke eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule

I-tsunami ingenye yezenzakalo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu, eziholela ekucekeleni phansi kwabantu abaningi kanye nokufa kwabantu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunemiphumela engenakuhlehliswa. Izimbangela zezakhi ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, iziphepho ezishisayo kanye nezintaba-mlilo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukubukeka kwazo. Ukukhishwa okufika ngesikhathi kuphela kusiza ukugwema ukufa okuningi.

Ama-tsunami amakhulu kunawo wonke kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule abangele izinhlekelele ezinkulu zabantu, ukucekelwa phansi kanye nezindleko zomnotho.. Izinhlekelele kakhulu zaqothula izindawo zokuhlala. Ngokwemininingwane yesayensi, iningi lamagagasi abhubhisayo abangelwa ukuzamazama ekujuleni koLwandlekazi iPacific.

I-athikili ikhombisa uhlu lwezinhlekelele zomhlaba eziningi kakhulu zango-2005-2015 (zibuyekezwe kuze kube ngu-2018) ngokulandelana kwesikhathi.

1. I-tsunami eziqhingini zase-Izu naseMiyake ngo-2005

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okune-amplitude engu-6,8 eziqhingini zase-Izu naseMiyake ngo-2005 kwabangela i-tsunami. Amagagasi afinyelela kumamitha angu-5 ukuphakama futhi angabangela ukulimala, ngoba amanzi ahamba ngesivinini esikhulu futhi asevele eginqika esuka kwesinye isiqhingi eya kwesinye ngesigamu sehora. Njengoba inani labantu lasuswa ngokushesha ezindaweni eziyingozi, le nhlekelele yagwenywa. Akukho ukushona kwabantu okurekhodiwe. Lena enye yama-tsunami amakhulu kakhulu ahlasele iziqhingi zaseJapane kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.

2. I-tsunami eJava ngo-2006

I-tsunami ehlasele isiqhingi saseJava ngo-10 ingenye yezinhlekelele ezinkulu zango-2006 eminyakeni eminingana. Amagagasi olwandle abulalayo abulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-800. Ukuphakama kwamagagasi kwafinyelela kumamitha angu-7 futhi kwabhidliza izakhiwo eziningi zesiqhingi. Babalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-10 abantu abathintekile. Izinkulungwane zabantu zasala dengwane. Kwabashonile kubalwa nezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Imbangela yenhlekelele kwaba ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla ekujuleni koLwandlekazi i-Indian, okwafinyelela ku-7,7 esikalini sikaRichter.

3. I-tsunami eSolomon Islands naseNew Guinea ngo-2007

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyi-8 magnitude kwagadla eSolomon Islands naseNew Guinea ngo-2007. Kwabangela igagasi le-tsunami elingamamitha angu-10 elacekela phansi amadolobhana angaphezu kuka-10. Kwafa abantu ababalelwa ku-50 kwathi izinkulungwane zasala dengwane. Izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-30 zilimale. Izakhamuzi eziningi zenqaba ukubuya ngemva kwale nhlekelele, futhi isikhathi eside zahlala ezinkanjini ezazakhiwe phezu kwamagquma esiqhingi. Lena enye yama-tsunami amakhulu kunawo wonke eminyakeni yamuva, ebangelwe ukuzamazama komhlaba ekujuleni koLwandlekazi iPacific..

4. I-tsunami yesimo sezulu ogwini lwaseMyanmar ngo-2008

I-Cyclone ebizwa ngokuthi i-Nargis yahlasela i-Myanmar ngo-2008. Isici esibhubhisayo esidlule nezimpilo zezakhamuzi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-90 kuhulumeni sibhekwa njenge-meteotsunami. Bangaphezu kwesigidi abantu abathintekile futhi balinyazwa ngenxa yenhlekelele yemvelo. I-tsunami yezulu yaba yimbi kangangokuthi ayishiyanga nomkhondo wezindawo ezithile zokuhlala. Idolobha laseYangon lona lalimala kakhulu. Ngenxa yobukhulu benhlekelele eyabangelwa yisiphepho, ifakiwe ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo eziyishumi eziphezulu kakhulu ezikhathini zamuva nje.

5. I-tsunami e-Samoan Islands ngo-2009

Iziqhingi zaseSamoa zahlaselwa yi-tsunami ngo-2009 ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okungu-9 ku-Pacific Ocean. Igagasi elingamamitha ayishumi nanhlanu lifinyelele ezindaweni zokuhlala zaseSamoa, lacekela phansi zonke izakhiwo endaweni engamakhilomitha ambalwa. Kwafa abantu abangamakhulu amaningana. Igagasi elinamandla lagingqika lafinyelela e-Kuril Islands futhi laliyikota yemitha ukuphakama. Ukulahlekelwa komhlaba wonke phakathi kwabantu kwagwenywa ngenxa yokukhishwa kwabantu ngesikhathi. Ukuphakama okuhlaba umxhwele kwamagagasi kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu kufaka phakathi i-tsunami kuma-tsunami ayi-10 abi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.

6. I-tsunami ngasogwini lwaseChile ngo-2010

Ugu lwaseChile lwanqotshwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu ngo-2010, okwadala i-tsunami eyayinamandla. Amagagasi adlula emadolobheni angu-11 futhi afinyelela ubude obungamamitha amahlanu. Le nhlekelele ilinganiselwa kwabayikhulu abashonile. Izakhamuzi zama-Easter zakhishwa ngokushesha. Izisulu ezengeziwe zabangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngokwako, okwabangela ukuzamazama kwamagagasi asePacific. Ngenxa yalokho, idolobha laseChile laseConcepción lasuswa ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka endaweni yalo yangaphambili. I-tsunami ehlasele ugu ibhekwa njengenkulu kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi.

7. I-tsunami e-Japan Islands ngo-2011

Inhlekelele enkulu eyehlele umhlaba eminyakeni yamuva yenzeka eziqhingini zaseJapane edolobheni laseTohuku ngo-2011. Lezi ziqhingi zazunywa ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamaphoyinti angu-9, okubangele i-tsunami yomhlaba wonke. Amagagasi abhubhisayo, afinyelela kumamitha angu-1, amboza iziqhingi futhi asakazeka amakhilomitha amaningana endaweni. Kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka-40 kule nhlekelele yemvelo, futhi abangaphezu kuka-20 bathola ukulimala okuhlukahlukene. Abantu abaningi babhekwa njengabalahlekile. Izinhlekelele zemvelo zidale ingozi endaweni yokuphehla amandla enuzi, okuholele esimweni esiphuthumayo ezweni ngenxa yomphumela wemisebe. Amagagasi afinyelela eziqhingini zaseKuril futhi afinyelela kumamitha angu-5 ukuphakama. Lena enye yama-tsunami enamandla kakhulu futhi edabukisayo eminyakeni engu-2 edlule ngokobukhulu bayo.

8. I-tsunami e-Philippine Islands ngo-2013

Isiphepho esahlasela iziQhingi zasePhilippine ngo-2013 sabangela i-tsunami. Amagagasi olwandle afinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-6 eduze nogu. Sekuqalile ukuthuthwa kwabantu ezindaweni eziyingozi. Kodwa isishingishane ngokwaso sikwazile ukuthatha izimpilo zabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-10. Amanzi ahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-600 ububanzi, eshanela yonke imizana ebusweni besiqhingi. Idolobha laseTacloban laphela. Ukukhishwa ngesikhathi kwabantu ezindaweni obekulindelwe kuzo inhlekelele. Ukulahlekelwa okuningi okuhlobene nezinhlekelele zemvelo kunikeza ilungelo lokucabangela i-tsunami engxenyeni yeqoqo leziqhingi zasePhilippine njengelinye lamadlangala emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni eyishumi.

9. I-tsunami edolobheni laseChile i-Ikeque ngo-2014

I-tsunami edolobheni laseChile i-Ikek, eyenzeka ngo-2014, ihlotshaniswa nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okungu-8,2 esikalini sikaRichter. I-Chile isendaweni enokuzamazama komhlaba okuphezulu, ngakho ukuzamazama komhlaba nama-tsunami kuvame ukuvela kule ndawo. Kulokhu, inhlekelele yemvelo yabangela ukubhujiswa kwejele ledolobha, mayelana nalokhu, iziboshwa ezingaba ngu-300 zashiya izindonga zalo. Naphezu kokuthi amagagasi kwezinye izindawo afinyelela kumamitha angu-2 ukuphakama, ukulahlekelwa okuningi kwagwenywa. Ukukhishwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezakhamuzi zasogwini lwaseChile nasePeru kwamenyezelwa. Kwafa abantu abambalwa. I-tsunami ibaluleke kakhulu eyenzeke ogwini lwaseChile ngonyaka odlule.

10 I-tsunami ogwini lwaseJapan ngo-2015

Ngo-September 2015, kwaba nokuzamazama komhlaba eChile, kwafinyelela amaphuzu angu-7. Mayelana nalokhu, iJapane yahlaselwa yi-tsunami, amagagasi awo ayedlula amamitha angu-4 ukuphakama. Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke laseChile iCoquimbo lathinteka kakhulu. Cishe abantu abayishumi bafa. Bonke abanye abantu bedolobha basuswa ngokushesha. Kwezinye izindawo, ukuphakama kwegagasi kwafinyelela kumitha futhi kwaletha ukubhujiswa okuthile. Inhlekelele yokugcina ngoSepthemba iqeda ama-tsunami ayi-10 aphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.

+I-tsunami e-Indonesia eduze nesiqhingi sase-Sulawesi ngo-2018

Ngo-September 28, 2018 esifundazweni sase-Indonesia, e-Central Sulawesi, eduze nesiqhingi esinegama elifanayo, kwaba nokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla okungamaphuzu angu-7,4, kamuva okwadala i-tsunami. Ngenxa yale nhlekelele, kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka-2000 kwathi abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-90 balahlekelwa amakhaya abo.