Ithambo le-hyoid, (kusuka esiGrekini lesoeidês, okusho ukuthi okwakheke njengo-Y) liyithambo elisentanyeni futhi libandakanyeka ikakhulukazi ekugwinyweni.

okuhlukile. Uma ithambo le-hyoid livame ukuchazwa ngamathambo ogebhezi, liyithambo elihlukile futhi elihlukile ngoba alikhulumi nganoma iyiphi enye (1) (2).

Isikhundla. Ithambo le-hyoid litholakala ngaphambili kwentamo, ngaphansi kwe-mandible.

Ukwakheka. Ithambo le-hyoid linomumo wehhashi, oyindilinga phambili, owenziwe izingxenye eziningana:

• lomzimba, owakha ingxenye emaphakathi;
• izimpondo ezimbili ezinkulu, ezitholakala ngapha nangapha komzimba futhi zinwebeka ngaphakathi;
• wezimpondo ezimbili, eziphakathi komzimba nezimpondo ezinkulu futhi ezelulela phezulu.

Lezi zingxenye zisebenza njengendawo yokunamathisela ephathekayo yolimi, kanye namaphoyinti okunamathisela emisipha yentamo futhi ikakhulukazi leyo yepharynx.

fixing. Ithambo le-hyoid linamathiselwe kuqwanga lwe-thyroid larynx kanye nasezinhlelweni zamathambo wesikhashana ngezimpondo ezincane ngemigudu ye-stylohyoid.

Swallowing. Ithambo le-hyoid livumela ukunyakaza kwemisipha yentamo, ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa umphimbo ngesikhathi sokugwinya (2).

amaphasiwedi. Ithambo le-hyoid livumela ukunyakaza kwemisipha yentamo, ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa umphimbo lapho kukhulunywa (2).

Ukuphefumula. Ithambo le-hyoid livumela ukunyakaza kwemisipha yentamo, ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa umphimbo ngesikhathi sokuphefumula.

I-cyst ye-Thyroglossal. Le pathology ingenye yezinkinga ezivamile zokuzalwa zentamo (3). I-cyst ye-thyroglossal tract ihambelana nokwanda kwevolumu yezicubu, ezingeni lesifunda sethambo le-hyoid. Lolu hlobo lwe-cyst lungahlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala kwasendaweni. I-cyst nayo ingakhula futhi ikhule ngosayizi futhi kwesinye isikhathi iphenduke ibe yimbi.

Ukugula okubuhlungu. Izifo ezimbi zethambo le-hyoid ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zingenzeka kuphela ngokuzithandela. Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo kwe-Hyoid kuvame ukubonwa ezimweni zokuklinywa (3).

Izifo zamathambo. Ezinye izifo zamathambo zingathinta ithambo le-hyoid.

Amathambo amathambo. Ngokuvamile, izicubu zethambo zingakhula ethanjeni le-hyoid (3).

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, izidakamizwa ezithile zingase zibekwe njengama-painkillers.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, kungenziwa ukuhlinzwa. Endabeni ye-cyst ye-thyroglossal tract, ingxenye yethambo le-hyoid ingasuswa.

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy noma ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo nesigaba sesimila, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa isiguli.

Ukucabanga izivivinyo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kungenziwa njenge-ultrasound, i-cerebral CT scan noma i-cerebral MRI.

I-Forensic medecine. Ithambo le-hyoid lidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Kufundelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhomba icala lokuklinywa (4).