Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuvela kwamabhodlela, iwayini laligcinwa futhi lihanjiswe ezitsheni zobumba futhi kuze kube namuhla ubumba luhlala luyinto efanelekile kakhulu yalesi siphuzo - luvikela iwayini ekukhanyeni, lugcina izinga lokushisa elifunekayo futhi aluphazamisi ukwakheka kwesiphuzo. iphunga.
Akumangazi ukuthi cishe wonke umlando wezitsha zokugcina nokudayisa iwayini ungumlando wejeke lebumba. Mhlawumbe okhokho bethu abasafufusa baxoxile futhi basebenzisa umqondo ongaphezu kowodwa wokwenza iziqukathi zesiphuzo samagilebhisi, kodwa kuncane okuye kwasinda ekumbiweni ngaphandle kobumba, okuqinisekisa ukuthandwa nokuqina kwayo.
Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi abantu basendulo babengasebenzisa isikhumba futhi bacutshungulwe futhi bomiswe ingaphakathi lezilwane nezinhlanzi ukugcina iziphuzo. Kodwa izinto ezinjalo zawa ngokushesha, zathola iphunga elibolile kumswakama, ubisi oluvutshiwe futhi lonakalisa iwayini.
Amphora
Ingilazi yokuqala yangempela eyenziwe ngobumba bewayini, ujeke onezibambo ezimbili (Latin amphora) i-amphora. U-Amphorae uvele ngaphambi kokubhala, ukwakheka kwejekethi kwaba nezinguquko eziqhubekayo futhi kuphela ngekhulu le-18 lathola izinkomba esizaziyo - imbiza ende, emide enentamo encane kanye nephansi elicijile. E-amphorae kwakungagcini nje kuphela iwayini, kodwa futhi nobhiya. Nokho, iwayini laligcinwe livundlile kanye nobhiya bubheke phezulu. Lolu lwazi lwanikezwa abantu ngokutholwa endaweni yase-Iran - "ujeke waseKhanani" odumile, oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-5.
Kukhona futhi okutholakalayo kwasendulo, izimbiza, lapho iwayini liye laphenduka amatshe ngezikhathi ezithile - amabhodlela anjalo aneminyaka engaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-7 ubudala.
I-Amphorae yayilungele ukugcina nokuthutha amanzi, uwoyela, okusanhlamvu. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo zokugcina imikhiqizo ngendlela yayo yasekuqaleni, ungavumeli iphunga langaphandle lidlule kubo futhi ungaphenduli nokuqukethwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo "ukuphefumula", i-amphorae sekuyisikhathi eside iyisitsha esithandwa kakhulu nesilula. Futhi kwakukhona izinto eziningi zokudala izimbiza - ubumba lwalutholakala ngobuningi.
I-amphora yakudala yayinephansi elicijile futhi inamandla amalitha angaba ngu-30. Emikhunjini eyayithutha ojeke, kwakunezisekelo zokhuni ezikhethekile zephansi elicijile, futhi ama-amphorae ayeboshelwa omunye komunye ngezintambo. Benza nama- amphora amancane okugcina amafutha anephunga elimnandi futhi amakhulu kakhulu ukuze agcine idolobha noma inqaba. Ngenxa yobuthaka bawo, ama-amphorae ayevame ukusetshenziswa njengesitsha esilahlwayo lapho kuthunyelelwa impahla eyodwa. Buduze neRoma kukhona igquma laseMonte Testaccio, eliqukethe izingcezu ze-amphorae eziyizigidi ezingu-53. Kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokukhiqiza i-amphorae engasetshenziswa kabusha ngokumboza ubumba nge-glaze.
Ama-amphorae ayevalwe kahle ngenhlaka nobumba; ngisho nangesikhathi sokumba, kwatholakala izimbiza zewayini ezivaliwe ezazingakaze zithintwe isikhathi nezici zangaphandle. Iwayini elitholakala kulokho okutholakele, naphezu kokungabaza kososayensi, lilungele ukusetshenziswa futhi linambitheka kahle. Iwayini lasendulo elitholakele lithengiswa kumaqoqo angasese, futhi ungakwazi ukunambitha ingilazi yesiphuzo sasendulo ngokukhokha isamba esikhulu, cishe ama-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingu-25.
Ekuqaleni, kwakungenakwenzeka ukunquma okuqukethwe kwe-amphorae yasendulo, ngoba zazingekho izimpawu ezitsheni. Kodwa ama-amphora asendulo asendulo aqala ukuba nezimpawu. Ababonisi, ababenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphepha kwamabhodlela ezikhathini zasendulo, baqala ukushiya imidwebo kuma-amphoras - inhlanzi noma intombazane enomvini. Kamuva, ulwazi mayelana nesivuno somkhiqizo, izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi, izakhiwo kanye nokunambitheka kwewayini, umthamo kanye neminyaka yeziphuzo zaqala ukufakwa emabhodleleni.
Imiphongolo ye-Oak
Enye into ethandwayo yokugcina iwayini kwakuyizinkuni, ezazigcina ukunambitheka nephunga lesiphuzo. Futhi imiphongolo ye-oki yengeza ngisho ne-astringency nephunga eliyingqayizivele kuyo. Ubunzima kuphela ekwakhiweni kwezitsha zokhuni ezenza le nto ingajwayelekile futhi ingajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi lapho ubumba olwenziwa kalula lunyathela ezithendeni.
Nokho, eNkathini Ephakathi, lapho kwakugcizelelwa ubuningi, kodwa izinga lesiphuzo, izinkuni zazisathandwa. Ama-tannins akha le nto enza iwayini lihlonipheke futhi libe nempilo. Iziphuzo ezisafufusa, i-cognac kanye nechweba, zafakwa kuphela emiphongolweni yokhuni, futhi kuze kube manje, naphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yengilazi kanye ne-plastic tableware, imiphongolo yokhuni ihlonishwa kakhulu ngabakhi bewayini.
I-Glassware
Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-6 edlule, izimfihlo zokwenza ingilazi zaziwa kubantu. AbaseGibhithe benza amabhodlela engilazi amancane empepho nezimonyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izibalo ezihlukahlukene zenziwe ngengilazi - izithelo, izilwane, abantu, ukudweba impahla ngemibala ehlukene. Umthamo wesitsha sengilazi wawumncane.
Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, ibhizinisi lezingilazi lafiphala kancane, njengoba ama-trinkets agqamile agqamile ayebhekwa njengokutotoswayo kanye nebhizinisi elingenasici. Ekhulwini le-13, uMbuso WaseRoma wabuyisela imfashini engilazini, ngakho ulwazi lokuqhunyiswa kwengilazi lwabuyiselwa eVenice, futhi lwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlanganyela ngalo, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuphucwa ukuphila. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ikhono lokudala i-glassware lithuthukisiwe, amafomu amasha kanye nekhwalithi yavela, amandla ezitsheni zeglasi athuthuke kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buye benza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko ze-glassware, futhi ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe iye yandisa "indawo" yokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-17, abaseBrithani basebenzisa amabhodlela engilazi ngentshiseko ukugcina nokudayisa imithi - ngenxa yokubukeka okukhangayo, imithi yaqala ukuthengisa kangcono. Abathengisi bewayini bacabangisisa ngalo mkhuba futhi banquma ukuzifaka engozini yokuthela iwayini emabhodleleni engilazi, banamathisele amalebula akhangayo kuwo. Futhi njengoba ukuhlotshaniswa nemithi kusaqhubeka, iwayini libuye lenza abantu bafune ukuthenga isiphuzo esingakujabulisa futhi sithuthukise impilo yakho.
Ngenxa yebhodlela lengilazi, iwayini elivela esigabeni sesiphuzo se-banal nsuku zonke seliphenduke isiphuzo esiphundu, esihlonishwayo, esifanelwe itafula lemikhosi. Iwayini laqala ukuqoqwa, futhi kuze kube namuhla kukhona iwayini kusukela ngasekupheleni kwe-18th - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.
Ngama-20s wekhulu le-19, ibhodlela lengilazi laba isitsha sotshwala esidumile kangangokuthi izimboni zamabhodlela zazingakwazi ukubhekana nama-oda amaningi.
Ngo-1824, kwavela ubuchwepheshe obusha bokwenza ingilazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, umshini wokwenza amabhodlela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ibhodlela liye laba isitsha esishibhile futhi esithandwa kakhulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuyingqayizivele kanye nokuqala kwamabhodlela enziwe ngezandla kulahlekile.
I-750 ml - izinga elinjalo livele ngenxa yokuthi umthamo onjalo webhodlela ungaqhunyiswa ngumshini wokufutha ingilazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isilinganiso esinjalo savela ku-damask "engalungile" - ingxenye yesishiyagalombili yebhakede. , 0,76875 amalitha.
Ngokuqaliswa kokukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo, amabhodlela aqala ukuhluka ngesimo - i-rectangular, conical, ububanzi nobukhulu bezindonga nazo zazihlukile. Umehluko wombala uvele, ibhodlela elisobala lalibhekwa njengento elula, eluhlaza kanye ne-amber kwakuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephakathi yesiphuzo, futhi ama-red and blue shades ayeyisiphuzo esiphuzo.
Njengoba inkampani ngayinye izama ukwakha ibhodlela layo elingafani, umumo nombala kwaba uphawu lomkhiqizo othile. Uphuzo oludakayo lwaqala ukuphawulwa ngophawu, kanye nokubonisa indawo yesitshalo kanye nonyaka wokwakhiwa kuzo. Uphawu olukhethekile lwekhwalithi kwakuwumfanekiso wokhozi olunamakhanda amabili - umklomelo wobukhosi obonisa ikhwalithi eyaziwayo.
Okunye ukupakisha
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela amabhodlela e-PET. Zingasindi ngendlela emangalisayo, zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zigaywa kabusha. Zivalwe ngepulasitiki noma izivalo ze-aluminium, zingathathi hlangothi endaweni ene-asidi yewayini.
Olunye uhlobo lokupakisha olufunwa kakhulu ngenxa yokushibhile kwalo, ubulula kanye nobungane bemvelo amabhokisi ekhadibhodi aqukethe ibhodlela le-PET noma isikhwama se-lavsan esinendawo ekhanyayo. Iwayini emabhodleleni anjalo aligcinwa isikhathi eside, kodwa kulula ukuyithatha nawe futhi ulahle ukupakisha okungenalutho.
Namuhla, ingilazi iseyisitsha esingcono kakhulu sewayini, kodwa iziphuzo ezindala emiphongolweni yokhuni nazo ziyaziswa. Wonke amaphakheji ahlala ngokuthula emashalofini ezitolo zethu futhi enzelwe amaholo ahlukahlukene amakhasimende.