Isifo sokuwa yisifo sezinzwa esiholela ekusebenzeni kukagesi okungavamile ebuchosheni. Ihlasela kakhulu izingane, intsha kanye nasebekhulile ngamazinga ahlukene. Izimbangela kwezinye izimo ziwufuzo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi azibonakali.

Incazelo yesifo sokuwa

Isifo sokuwa sibonakala ngokwanda okungazelelwe kokusebenza kukagesi ebuchosheni, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesikhashana kokuxhumana phakathi kwama-neurons. Ngokuvamile bahlala isikhathi esifushane. Zingenzeka endaweni ethile yobuchopho noma iyonke. Lezi zinzwa ezingavamile zingalinganiswa ngesikhathi se-a electroencephalogram (EEG), ukuhlola okurekhoda ukusebenza kobuchopho.

Ngokuphambene nalokho umuntu angase akucabange, i isithuthwane azihlali zihambisana nokunyakaza noma ukudlikizela. Angase angabukeki kangako. Zibe sezibonakaliswa yimizwa engavamile (njengokuhogela noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho, njll.) ngokulahlekelwa noma ngaphandle kokwazi, nangokubonakaliswa okuhlukahlukene, njengokubheka okugxilile noma ukuthinta okuphindaphindayo okungahleliwe.

Iqiniso elibalulekile: izinkinga kumele ukuphinda kuze kube yisithuthwane. Ngakho, ngemva kokuquleka olulodwa Ukudlikizela empilweni yakhe akusho ukuthi sinesifo sokuwa. Kudingeka okungenani kube ezimbili ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sokuwa. Isifo sokuwa singavela ezimeni eziningana: ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda, i-meningitis, isifo sohlangothi, ukudlula izidakamizwa, ukuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa, njll.

Izimbangela

Ezimweni ezingaba ngu-60%, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola imbangela yangempela yokuquleka. Kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe u-10% kuya ku-15% wawo wonke amacala azoba nengxenye lezinceku njengoba isifo sokuwa sibonakala sivamile kweminye imindeni. Abacwaningi baye bahlobanisa izinhlobo ezithile zesithuthwane nokungasebenzi kahle kwezakhi zofuzo eziningana. Kubantu abaningi, izakhi zofuzo ziyingxenye kuphela yembangela yesithuthwane. Izakhi zofuzo ezithile zingenza umuntu azwele kakhulu izimo zemvelo ezibangela ukuquleka.

Ezikhathini ezingavamile, isithuthwane singase sibangelwe isimila ebuchosheni, ukushaywa unhlangothi, noma okunye ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo. Ngempela, isibazi singakheka ku-cerebral cortex, isibonelo, futhi siguqule umsebenzi wama-neurons. Qaphela ukuthi kungadlula iminyaka eminingana phakathi kwengozi nokuqala kwesithuthwane. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ukuze kube nesifo sokuwa, ukuquleka kufanele kwenzeke ngokuphindaphindiwe hhayi kanye nje. I-Stroke iyimbangela ehamba phambili yesithuthwane kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala.

Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge-meningitis, ingculaza, ne-viral encephalitis, zingabangela isithuthwane.

Ukulimala ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, izingane zisengozini yokulimala ebuchosheni okungabangelwa izici eziningana, njengokutheleleka komama, ukungondleki kahle, noma ukuntula umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kulimala kobuchopho kungaholela ekubeni nesifo sokuwa noma i-cerebral palsy.

Iziyaluyalu zentuthuko. Isifo sokuwa kwesinye isikhathi singahlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kokukhula, njenge-autism ne-neurofibromatosis.

Ubani othintekayo?

ENyakatho Melika, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayikhulu unesifo sokuwa. Kusuka izifo zemizwa, iyona evame kakhulu, ngemva kwe-migraine. Kufika ku-10% wabantu bomhlaba ungaba nokuquleka okukodwa esikhathini esithile empilweni yabo.

Nakuba kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, iisithuthwane Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni, noma ngemva kweminyaka engu-65. Kubantu asebekhulile, ukwanda kwesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi kwandisa ingozi.

Izinhlobo zokuquleka

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 eziphambili zokuquleka kwesithuthwane:

• ukuquleka okuyingxenye, okulinganiselwe endaweni ethile yobuchopho; isiguli singase siqaphele ngesikhathi sokuquleka (ukubanjwa okulula okuyingxenye) noma ukwazi kwaso kungase kushintshwe (ukuquleka okuyingxenye okuyinkimbinkimbi). Esimweni sakamuva, isiguli ngokuvamile ngeke sikhumbule ukuquleka kwaso.
• ukuquleka okujwayelekile, kwasabalala kuzo zonke izindawo zobuchopho. Isiguli silahlekelwa ukwazi ngesikhathi sokuquleka.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuquleka, ekuqaleni kancane, kusakazekela ebuchosheni bonke futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube okuvamile. Uhlobo lokuzwa okuzwakala ngesikhathi sokuquleka lunikeza udokotela inkomba yokuthi luvelaphi (i-lobe yangaphambili, i-temporal lobe, njll.).

Ukuquleka kungaba ngomsuka:

• Idiopathic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikho isizathu esisobala.
• I-Symptomatic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela uyayazi imbangela. Angaphinde asole imbangela, ngaphandle kokuyikhomba.

Kunezincazelo ezintathu zokuquleka, kuye ngengxenye yobuchopho lapho umsebenzi wokuquleka waqala khona:

Ukuquleka ingxenye

Zikhawulelwe endaweni ekhawulelwe yobuchopho.

• Ukuquleka okuncane okuncane (phambilini obekubizwa ngokuthi “ukuquleka okugxilile”). Lokhu kuhlasela kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa. Ngesikhathi sokuquleka okuncane, umuntu uhlala enolwazi.

  Izimpawu zincike endaweni yobuchopho ethintekile. Umuntu angase ezwe imizwa elumayo, enze ukunyakaza okuqina okungalawuleki kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, abone iphunga elimnandi, okubukwayo noma okunambitha, noma abonise imizwa engachazeki.

Izimpawu zokuquleka okuncane okuncane zingadideka nezinye izifo zemizwa, njenge-migraine, i-narcolepsy, noma ukugula kwengqondo. Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela nokuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlukaniswe isifo sokuwa kwezinye izifo.

• Ukuquleka okuyingxenye okuyinkimbinkimbi (okwakubizwa ngokuthi “ukuquleka kwengqondo”). Ngesikhathi sokuquleka okuyingxenye okuyinkimbinkimbi, umuntu usesimweni esishintshile sokwazi.

  Akaphenduli ekukhuthazeni futhi amehlo akhe agxilile. Angase abe nemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo, okusho ukuthi wenza izenzo eziphindaphindayo ngokuzenzakalelayo njengokudonsa izingubo zakhe, ukugedla amazinyo, njll. Uma inkinga isiphelile, ngeke akhumbule nhlobo noma kancane kakhulu ukuthi kwenzekeni. Angase adideke noma alale.

Ukuquleka okujwayelekile

Lolu hlobo lokuquleka lubandakanya ubuchopho bonke.

• Ukungabikho okujwayelekile. Yilokhu okwakuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ububi obuncane”. Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kwalolu hlobo lwesithuthwane kuvame ukwenzeka ebuntwaneni, kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi. Bagcina imizuzwana embalwa futhi kungase kuhambisane nokushaywa kancane kwezinkophe. Umuntu ulahlekelwa ukuthintana nemvelo yakhe, kodwa ugcina ithoni yemisipha yakhe. Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-90% ezinalolu hlobo lokuquleka ziqala ukuxolelwa kusukela eminyakeni eyi-12.
• I-Toniciclonic seizures. Bake babizwa ngokuthi “ububi obukhulu”. Yilolu hlobo lokuquleka oluvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo sokuwa ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okumangalisayo. Ukubanjwa ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemi-2. Ikona ukuquleka okujwayelekile okwenzeka ngezigaba ezi-2: i-tonic bese i-clonic.

  – Phakathi nesigaba tonic,akhale umuntu avele aphele amandla. Khona-ke umzimba wakhe uyaqina futhi imihlathi iyaqina. Lesi sigaba ngokuvamile sithatha ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-30.

  – Bese, esigabeni i-clonic, umuntu uba nokudlikizeka (okungalawuleki, ukunyakazisa kwemisipha). Ukuphefumula, okuvinjiwe ekuqaleni kokuhlasela, kungase kube okungajwayelekile kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha ngaphansi kweminithi elingu-1.

  Lapho ukuquleka sekuphelile, imisipha iyaxega, kuhlanganise neyesinye kanye neyamathumbu. Kamuva, umuntu angase adideke, adideke, aphathwe yikhanda futhi afune ukulala. Le miphumela inobude besikhathi obuguquguqukayo, ukusuka cishe emaminithini angamashumi amabili kuya emahoreni ambalwa. Izinhlungu zemisipha ngezinye izikhathi ziqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa.

• Izinkinga ze-myocloniques. Ezingavamile, zizibonakalisa ngokuzumayo ukugubha izingalo nemilenze. Lolu hlobo lokudlikiza luthatha isekhondi elilodwa kuye kweya ngokuthi ukushaqeka okukodwa noma uchungechunge lokundindizela. Ngokuvamile azibangeli ukudideka.
• Izinkinga ze-Atonic. Phakathi nalokhu kuquleka okungajwayelekile, umuntu iyawa ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okungazelelwe kwethoni yemisipha. Ngemva kwemizuzwana, uyaphaphama. Uyakwazi ukusukuma ahambe.

Imiphumela engaba khona

Ukuquleka kungaholela ukulimala uma umuntu ehluleka ukulawula ukunyakaza kwakhe.

Abantu abanesifo sokuwa bangase futhi babe nemiphumela ephawulekayo engokwengqondo ebangelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukungakwazi ukuqagela kokuquleka, ubandlululo, imiphumela engathandeki yezidakamizwa, njll.

Ukubanjwa okuthatha isikhathi eside noma okungagcini ngokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kumele kube njalo ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Bangaholela kokubalulekile imiphumela ye-neurological kunoma ibuphi ubudala. Ngempela, phakathi nenhlekelele yesikhathi eside, izindawo ezithile zobuchopho zintula umoya-mpilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umonakalo ungenziwa kuma-neurons ngenxa yokukhululwa kwezinto ezivusa amadlingozi kanye nama-catecholamine ahambisana nokucindezeleka okukhulu.

Okunye ukuquleka kungabulala. Lesi simo asivamile futhi asaziwa. Ibizwa ngegama elithi ” ukufa okungazelelwe, okungalindelekile nokungachazeki esithuthwaneni (MSIE). Kukholakala ukuthi ukuquleka kungashintsha ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma kumise ukuphefumula. Ingozi ingaba phezulu kwabanesifo sokuwa abanesifo sokuwa esingelapheki kahle.

Ukuquleka ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi kuwena noma kwabanye.

Ukuwa. Uma uwa ngesikhathi sokuquleka, usengozini yokulimaza ikhanda noma ukuphuka ithambo.

Ukuminza. Uma unesifo sokuwa, unethuba eliphindwe ka-15 kuya kweziyi-19 lokuminza lapho ubhukuda noma kubhavu wakho ukudlula bonke abanye abantu ngenxa yengozi yokuquleka emanzini.

Izingozi zezimoto. Ukuquleka okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukulawula kungaba yingozi uma ushayela imoto. Amanye amazwe anemikhawulo yelayisensi yokushayela ehlobene nekhono lakho lokulawula ukubanjwa kwakho.

Izinkinga zempilo yemizwa. Abantu abanesifo sokuwa banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo, ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka futhi, kwezinye izimo, nokuziphatha kokuzibulala. Izinkinga zingavela ngenxa yobunzima obuhlobene nesifo ngokwaso kanye nemiphumela engemihle yomuthi.

Ukucatshangelwa okusebenzayo

Ngokuvamile, uma umuntu enakekelwa kahle, angaphila impilo evamile imikhawulo ethile. Isibonelo, i ukushayela imoto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe noma imishini ngaphakathi kohlaka lomsebenzi kungase kwenqatshelwe ekuqaleni kokwelashwa. Uma umuntu onesifo sokuwa engazange abanjwe isikhathi esithile, udokotela angaphinde ahlole isimo sakhe futhi amnikeze isitifiketi sikadokotela esiqeda le mithetho evimbelayo.

I-Epilepsy Canada ikhumbuza abantu ukuthi abantu abaneisithuthwane ube nokuquleka okumbalwa uma uhola a impilo esebenzayo. “Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele sibakhuthaze ukuthi bafune umsebenzi”, singafunda kusizindalwazi sabo.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwesikhathi eside

Isifo sokuwa singahlala ukuphila kwakho konke, kodwa abanye abantu abanaso ekugcineni ngeke besaba nokuquleka. Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-60 abantu abangalashwa abasakwazi ukuquleka phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-24 zokuquleka kwabo kokuqala.

Ukuba nokuquleka kwakho kokuqala usemncane kubonakala kukhuthaza ukukhululeka. Cishe ama-70% aya ekuxolelwa iminyaka emi-5 (akukho ukuquleka iminyaka emi-5).

Cishe amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-30 aba nesifo sokuwa esingapheli (isithuthwane sesikhathi eside).

Kumaphesenti angama-70 kuye kwangama-80 abantu abaphikelela nalesi sifo, izidakamizwa ziyaphumelela ekuqedeni ukuquleka.

Abacwaningi baseBrithani baye babika ukuthi ukufa kuvame izikhathi ezingu-11 kubantu abanesifo sokuwa kunakubo bonke abanye abantu. Ababhali bengeze ngokuthi ingozi inkulu nakakhulu uma umuntu onesifo sokuwa enesifo sengqondo. Ukuzibulala, izingozi kanye nokuhlaselwa kubalele u-16% wokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi; Iningi lalitholakale linesifo sengqondo.