I-IUD yethusi iyi-Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD), ebizwa nangokuthi i-IUD yethusi. Iza ngendlela yohlaka oluncane lwepulasitiki oluguquguqukayo olusesimweni esithi “T” elizungezwe ithusi futhi lilinganisa cishe amasentimitha angu-3,5. I-IUD inwetshwa ngomucu esisekelweni sayo.

I-copper IUD iyisivimbeli-nzalo esingenawo amahomoni, esithatha isikhathi eside – singagqokwa iminyaka efika kweyi-10 – singabuyiselwa emuva, futhi enye yezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezisebenzayo ezikhona. Iningi labesifazane lingafaka i-IUD yethusi ngokuphepha, ngisho nalabo abangakaze bakhulelwe.

Esibelethweni, ukuba khona kwe-IUD, ebhekwa njengomzimba wangaphandle, kubangela izinguquko ze-anatomical kanye ne-biochemical eziyingozi esidodeni. I-endometrium (ulwelwesi lwesibeletho) isabela ngokukhulula amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, ama-enzyme nama-prostaglandin: lokhu kusabela kubonakala kuvimbela isidoda ukuthi sifinyelele kumashubhu e-fallopian. Ama-IUD ethusi aphinde akhiphe ama-ion ethusi oketshezini lwesibeletho namashubhu, okwandisa umphumela wokugogeka esidodeni. Abakwazi ukufinyelela eqandeni ukuze balivundise. I-IUD yethusi ingavimbela nombungu ukuthi ungagxili emgodini wesibeletho.

I-IUD ingafakwa noma nini phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, inqobo nje uma ungakhulelwe.

Ingase futhi ibekwe ngemva kokubeletha inqobo nje uma kuhlonishwa le minqamulajuqu elandelayo:

• Kuphakathi kwamahora angu-48 okubeletha;
• Noma ngaphezu kwamaviki angu-4 ngemva kokubeletha.

Ukubeka kungenzeka futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukukhipha isisu.

Ukufakwa kwe-IUD kumele kwenziwe udokotela wezifo zabesifazane.

Ngemva kwemibuzo embalwa ngomlando wezokwelapha, udokotela ngezinye izikhathi uzonikeza ukuhlolwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi nezifo.

Inqubo yokubeka

Ukufakwa kuzobe sekuqhubeka ngokwezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic: isitho sangasese sowesifazane, isibeletho nesibeletho;
• Ukuhlanza isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nomlomo wesibeletho;
• Ukwethulwa kwe-speculum ukuze kufakwe i-IUD - “izingalo” zayo ze-“T” ezigoqiwe - esibelethweni ngokuvuleka komlomo wesibeletho kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elikhethekile - i-IUD ibekwa ngobumnene nangokucophelela kanye “nezingalo” zembuleka esibelethweni;
• Ukusika intambo ngemva kokufaka i-IUD ukuze iphumele kuphela cishe ngo-1 cm esithweni sangasese sowesifazane - intambo kufanele ihlale ifinyeleleka ukuze ivumele ukukhishwa kwe-IUD kalula, kodwa uma iphazamisa ngesikhathi socansi, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane angase ayinqamule.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ubukhulu noma ukuma kwesibeletho somuntu kwenza kube nzima ukufaka i-IUD ngendlela efanele. Udokotela wezifo zabesifazane ube esenikeza elinye ikhambi: olunye uhlobo lwe-IUD noma ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo.

Izilawuli zokufaka

Ngemva kokufaka, kuyenzeka kubhekwe ukuthi i-IUD ikhona yini ngezikhathi ezithile:

• Kanye ngesonto enyangeni yokuqala futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kokuya esikhathini;
• Geza izandla zakho, squat, ufake umunwe esithweni sangasese bese uthinta izintambo emlonyeni wesibeletho, ngaphandle kokudonsa.

Uma izintambo zinyamalele noma uma zibonakala zizinde noma zizifushane kunokuvamile, kunconywa ukuvakashela izifo zabesifazane.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukuvakashelwa kokulawula amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kokufakwa kunconywa.

Ukususwa kwe-IUD kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela wezifo zabesifazane.

Ilula futhi iyashesha: udokotela udonsa intambo ngesineke, izingalo ze-IUD zigoqelwe emuva bese i-IUD iphuma. Ezimweni ezingavamile lapho i-IUD ingasuswa kalula, angase asebenzise izinsimbi ezithile. Futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.

Ngemva kokususwa, ukugeleza kwegazi elithile kungase kwenzeke kodwa umzimba kancane kancane uzobuyela esimweni sawo sokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzala kubuyela kokujwayelekile ngokushesha nje lapho i-IUD isusiwe.

I-IUD ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela inzalo ezitholakalayo: isebenza ngaphezu kwama-99%. 

I-IUD yethusi iphinde isebenze njengokuvimbela inzalo okuphuthumayo. Kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngemva kocansi olungavikelekile. Isetshenziswa emahoreni ayi-120 (izinsuku ezi-5) ocansini olungavikelekile, isebenza ngaphezu kwama-99,9%.

Le ndlela ingaba nemiphumela engemihle, kodwa le miphumela ivamise ukuguga ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, kuye ngowesifazane.

Ngemuva kokufakwa:

• Amanye amajaqamba izinsuku ezimbalwa;
• Okunye ukopha okuncane amasonto ambalwa.

Eminye imiphumela emibi:

• Izinkathi ezinde futhi ezinzima kunokuvamile;
• Okunye ukopha noma ukopha kancane phakathi nokuya esikhathini;
• Ukwanda kwamajaqamba noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.

I-IUD yethusi ayinconywa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Izinsolo zokukhulelwa;
• Ukubeletha kwakamuva: ngenxa yengozi yokuxoshwa, i-IUD kufanele ifakwe phakathi kwamahora angu-48 wokubeletha noma ngemva kwamasonto amane;
• Ukutheleleka kwe-pelvic ngemva kokubeletha noma ukukhipha isisu;
• Izinsolo eziphezulu zokutheleleka noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi noma enye inkinga ethinta izitho zangasese: i-HIV, i-gonorrhea (i-gonorrhea), i-chlamydia, i-syphilis, i-condyloma, i-vaginosis, i-genital herpes, i-hepatitis ...: umbuzo-ke wokwelapha inkinga ngaphambi kokufakwa IUD;
• Ukopha okungajwayelekile kwakamuva kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane: kuba-ke umbuzo wokuthola imbangela yokopha ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-IUD;
• Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, i-endometrium noma i-ovary;
• I-Benign noma i-trophoblast tumor embi;
• Isifo sofuba se-genitourinary.

I-IUD yethusi akufanele ifakwe:

• Uma kwenzeka ukungezwani nethusi;
• Isifo sikaWilson: isifo sofuzo esibonakala ngokunqwabelana kwethusi okunobuthi emzimbeni;
• Isifo sokopha esidala izinkinga ze-coagulation. 

Abesifazane abanqamula ukuya esikhathini kufanele futhi bakhiphe i-IUD yabo ungakapheli unyaka owodwa ngemva kokuya esikhathini sokugcina.

I-IUD yethusi ingenye yezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezisebenzayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayivikeli ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi noma izifo: ikhondomu kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphezu kwalokho.

I-IUD yethusi ikhishwa emakhemisi ngencwadi kadokotela. Intengo yayo yomphakathi eyinkomba icishe ibe ngama-euro angama-30: ibuyiselwa ku-65% ngokuvikeleka komphakathi.

Ukulethwa kwe-IUD kumahhala futhi kuyimfihlo:

• Okwezingane ezinomshwalense wezenhlalakahle noma abahlomulayo ekhemisi;
• Okwezingane kanye nokuvikeleka komphakathi okungaqinisekisiwe ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeminyaka Ku-Family Planning and Education Centers (CPEF).