Kubukeka sengathi yonke into ihlelekile ngezempilo, nakumlingani naye, futhi kusasele umugqa owodwa esivivinyweni. Ngalokho kungenzeka lokhu, kusho lowo ozobhalwa emkhakheni wesayensi yezokwelapha, uprofesa ohlangene wesifundo se-endocrinology yangasese eMnyangweni we-Endocrinology, e-FUV Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute. MF Vladimirsky (MONIKI), isazi se-endocrinologist u-Irena Ilovaiskaya.
Isilinganiso seminyaka sowesifazane waseRussia oba ngumama okokuqala ngqa sikhula njalo futhi usuvele weqe uphawu lweminyaka engama-26. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nesifiso sokuqinisa isimo sezezimali nokwakha umsebenzi. Kepha manje sekutholakele imfundo, kunomsebenzi omuhle futhi ozinzile, umlingani wokuphila onokwethenjelwa useduze, ukulungele ukuhlanganyela izinjabulo zobuzali, kepha ukukhulelwa okufisayo akufiki. Futhi lesi yisizathu sokuxhumana ne-endocrinologist yakho futhi umbuze okungenani imibuzo emihlanu ebalulekile.
1. Ngabe imikhuba emibi, ikakhulukazi ukubhema, iba nomthelela omubi ekukhulelweni?
Maye, lokhu akuyona inganekwane, kodwa iqiniso lezokwelapha. Ukubhema kuyisici esinamandla ezinkingeni zokuzala: izehlakalo zokungazali phakathi kwabesifazane ababhemayo ziphakeme kakhulu kunabantu abangabhemi, kuyilapho amaphesenti ayishumi abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokubeletha ezweni lethu bebhema. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-nicotine, inzalo yowesifazane iyancipha, futhi inqubo yokuguga yamaqanda iyashesha. Njengoba ugwayi ngamunye ubhenywa, amathuba okukhulelwa okuphumelelayo ayancipha futhi amathuba okuya esikhathini kuqala asanda. Uma usaphumelela ekukhulelweni, khona-ke izinkinga kungenzeka vele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane ingazalwa ibuthakathaka, inenqwaba yokuphambuka okuhlukahlukene okuzohlala nayo impilo yayo yonke.
"Owesifazane ohlela ukukhulelwa kufanele ayeke ukubhema okungenani izinyanga eziyi-3-4, futhi mhlawumbe unyaka ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okulindelekile," kusho isazi semvelo u-Irena Ilovaiskaya.
2. Anginankinga yezempilo, ngiphila ngendlela enempilo, kepha ukukhulelwa akwenzeki nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngabe ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo emsebenzini kungathinta ukuzala okungaka?
Abesifazane besimanje bayibukela phansi imiphumela yokuzala yohlelo lokuphila olumatasa, ukuvivinya umzimba okuphezulu nokucindezeleka emsebenzini. Esimweni esinjalo, umzimba uqobo, empeleni olwela ukusinda, ucisha yonke imisebenzi yesibili, kufaka phakathi ukuzala. Isimo se- "amenorrhea yesikhathi sempi" siyaziwa - ukwehluleka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele kokuya esikhathini ngenxa yokushaqeka okukhulu, ukuzikhandla, ukungondleki kahle nokucindezeleka okungapheli. Manje, noma kunjalo, sekuyisici sesikhathi sokuthula futhi.
“Siya ngokuya sibhekene nokungabi nenzalo - lapho zingekho izinkinga zempilo, kodwa ukukhulelwa akukenzeki. Futhi kuvame ukwenzeka kanjena: ngokushesha nje lapho umbhangqwana uyeka ukuzihlukumeza ngokukhathazeka, ukubonisana nodokotela nokuhlolwa, bayayeka "ukuzama" futhi, ngokwesibonelo, baye eholidini ukuze bazinike ithuba lokuphefumula ngomoya ophansi, konke kuyaphumelela! Ngakho-ke, kwabesifazane abangenazo izinkinga zempilo, kepha abangakhulelwa, sincoma ukuthi balungise indlela yabo yokuphila - bagweme imidlalo eyeqile nomsebenzi omningi, bahambe kakhulu, bababaze imvelo, badlale nezingane ezincane - “balinganise” imizimba yabo ekukhulelweni nakulokho okuzayo ukuba ngumama, ”kusho u-Irena Ilovaiskaya.
3. Mhlawumbe kufanelekile ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa?
“Angiyena umsekeli wokunikeza abantu abavamile abanempilo ngaphandle kwemikhuba emibi noma ukuthambekela kwezifo, ngaphandle kwezikhalazo, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izici ezithile zomzimba zivame ukuvezwa - ngokwazo aziyona inkinga noma isifo, kepha iqiniso lokuthi batholakele lingadala ukukhathazeka okungadingekile futhi lidale ezinye izinkinga zengqondo lapho isiguli silungiswe ngokungafanele impilo, ”kugcizelela u-Irena Ilovaiskaya.
Uma owesifazane ethatha isinqumo sokuba ngumama, kufanele aqale avakashele udokotela wezifo zabesifazane. Uzodweba i-algorithm yokuhlola bese encoma odokotela abangochwepheshe: kufanele uvakashele i-endocrinologist, i-cardiologist, i-allergist, futhi uphase izivivinyo ezithile. Ngokuya ngemiphumela ye-anamnesis eqoqiwe, kungadingeka ukuthi ukhulume nesazi sezakhi zofuzo kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abancane. Okuhle kunakho konke, ukuthi ubaba wakusasa wengane uyohlolwa ngokufana, udokotela uzonikeza uhlu lwakhe lokuhlolwa kanye nochwepheshe.
4. Ngabe abazali abangaba ngabazali kufanele baqale nini ukukhathazeka ngokungakwazi ukuba nezingane?
Uma bobabili abazali abazobe bephilile futhi benempilo esebenzayo yocansi ngaphandle kokuvimbela inzalo, odokotela banquma inkathi efana nonyaka wekhalenda. Akufanele uthuke kulesi simo, mhlawumbe, "izinkanyezi azikakheki", kepha noma kunjalo, ngemuva konyaka wemizamo yokukhulelwa ingane ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezisobala zezokwelapha, kufanelekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe. Mhlawumbe kunezinkinga zokugcina ze-endocrinological.
“Namuhla kuyisiko ukuhlehlisa ukwenziwa kwezinhlelo zokuzala, kodwa-ke, abantu abadala, isikhathi esiningi esidinga ukukhulelwa ngempumelelo. Phakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-20 nengama-30, amathuba okukhulelwa kungakapheli unyaka “wemizamo” angamaphesenti angama-92, bese yehla aya kumaphesenti angama-60. Ingqophamlando ebalulekile - iminyaka engama-35: ukuzala kwehla kakhulu, hhayi kwabesifazane kuphela, kodwa nakwabesilisa, futhi amathuba okuba nokungajwayelekile kofuzo enganeni nawo ayanda. Ngakho-ke, abazali besikhathi esizayo kule minyaka bayelulekwa ukuba babonane nodokotela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ukuze bangachithi isikhathi esiyigugu, ”kweluleka u-Irena Ilovaiskaya.
5. Ngabe ukutholakala kwezifo ze-endocrine kuyayithinta ngempela impilo yokuzala?
Ukungabi nenzalo kwe-Endocrine kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuzala kwabesifazane. Izici ze-endocrine zingaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwamahomoni, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe kweprolactin ngendlala ye-pituitary kuholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kohlelo lokuzala, futhi kungenzeka ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini. Ngakho-ke, uma ukuya esikhathini kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesisodwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-38-40, khona-ke kunesizathu esibi sokuhlolwa kwamahomoni. Isibonelo, unganikela ngegazi ukuthola izinga leprolactin.
“Izici ze-endocrine nazo ziyabonakala ekwephuleni kwe-ovulation. Uma, ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, owesifazane ene-ovulation engavamile noma engekho ngokuphelele, udokotela uzonquma ukuhlolwa okufanele, ngokusho kwemiphumela okuzokhethwa ngayo ukwelashwa ngakunye. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvuthwa okuzenzakalelayo kuzobuyiselwa noma kungavuselelwa. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuye onyakeni, kepha umphumela - ingane elindelwe isikhathi eside - ilungele isikhathi nomzamo osetshenzisiwe, ”u-Irena Ilovaiskaya uqinisekile.