Iminyaka ethi "I" noma iminyaka "yethu"?

Ngokwezazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu, isizungu siye saba inkinga enkulu yezenhlalo. Emuva ekuqaleni kwawo-2010, ngokokuvota kwe-VTsIOM, u-13% wamaRussia wazibiza ngesizungu. Futhi ngo-2016, kakade i-74% ivumile ukuthi ayinabo ubungane bangempela, bempilo yonke, i-72% ayizange ithembele kwabanye. Lena idatha yalo lonke elaseRussia, kuma-megacities inkinga ibucayi nakakhulu.

Izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni amakhulu (ngisho nalabo abanomndeni) bazizwa benesizungu kakhulu uma beqhathaniswa nezakhamuzi ezincane. Futhi abesifazane banesizungu kunabesilisa. Isimo siyakhathaza. Isikhathi sokukhumbula ukuthi sonke siyizilwane zomphakathi, futhi kithi ukuxhumana akuyona nje indlela yokugwema isithukuthezi, kodwa isidingo esiyisisekelo, isimo sokuphila.

"I" yethu ingaba khona sibonga kuphela kwabanye abahamba nayo, basize ukwakha. Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuholela ekuveleni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokuxhumana: kwakhiwa izinkundla zokuxhumana, inani lezinkundla ezithakazelisayo liyakhula, ukunyakaza kwamavolontiya kuyathuthuka, izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ziyathuthuka, lapho silahlwa emhlabeni wonke. , “abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka” ukuze sisize abaswele.

Mhlawumbe, inkathi lapho into eyinhloko ethi "Mina, eyami", ithathelwa indawo isikhathi lapho "thina, okwethu" sibusa khona. Ngawo-1990, izindinganiso zomuntu ngamunye zaziziqinisekisa ngokushesha ezingqondweni zabantu baseRussia. Ngalo mqondo, sibamba iNtshonalanga. Kodwa sekudlule iminyaka engaphansi kwamashumi amabili, futhi sivuna izithelo zenkinga evamile: ukwanda kokucindezeleka, ukucasuka, nokudideka.

Konke lokhu, kusetshenziswa incazelo yesazi sokuhlalisana kwabantu u-Alain Ehrenberg, kuwuphawu “lokukhathala ukuba uwedwa”, kanye nokukhathala kwe “I”, okwakukholelwa kakhulu ekubeni namandla onke. Ingabe kufanele sigijimele ukweqisa kwangaphambili? Noma bheka incazelo yegolide?

"I" yethu ayizimele

Ukukholelwa ku-"Mina", okungadingi muntu ukuba abe khona, ukujabulela, ukucabanga, ukudala, kugxilile ezingqondweni zethu. Muva nje ku-Facebook (inhlangano eyeqisayo evinjelwe eRussia), omunye umsebenzisi wathi indlela yokuphatha ithinta inhlalakahle yabasebenzi benkampani. “Akekho ongangivimba ukuba ngijabule uma nginquma,” ebhala. Yeka inkohliso: ukucabanga ukuthi izwe lethu lizimele ngokuphelele emvelweni nakubantu abaseduze!

Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, sikhula ngaphansi kophawu lokuncika kwabanye. Usana alulutho ngaphandle uma lubanjwe unina, njengoba isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane uDonald Winnicott sasivame ukusho. Umuntu uhlukile kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo: ukuze abe khona ngokugcwele, udinga ukufiswa, udinga ukukhunjulwa futhi acatshangelwe. Futhi ulindele konke lokhu kubantu abaningi: umndeni, abangani ...

Imicabango yethu, indlela esiphila ngayo ilolongwa imvelo, isiko, umlando. I-«I» yethu ayizimele futhi ayizithinti. Sidinga amazwi omunye umuntu, umbono ovela ngaphandle, ukuze siqaphele ubuntu bethu.

Umuntu omdala nengane encane bame phambi kwesibuko. “Niyabo? Uwena!" — umuntu omdala ukhomba ekuzibonakaliseni. Futhi ingane ihleka, izazi. Sonke sidlule kulesi sigaba, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Jacques Lacan asibiza ngokuthi “isiteji sesibuko.” Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuthuthukiswa akunakwenzeka.

injabulo kanye nezingozi zokuxhumana

Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka sibe sodwa nathi. Siyazithanda izikhathi zokuba sodwa, zihambisana nokuphupha emini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokubekezelela isizungu ngaphandle kokuwela e-melancholy noma ukukhathazeka kuwuphawu lwempilo yengqondo. Kodwa ukujabulela kwethu ukuba sodwa kunemingcele. Labo abahoxayo emhlabeni, bazihlelele ukuzindla okude bebodwa, bathathe uhambo lwasolwandle olulodwa, baqale ukuhlushwa yimibono engekho ngokushesha.

Lesi isiqinisekiso sokuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imibono yethu, "I" yethu iyonke idinga inkampani. Iziboshwa zivalelwa zodwa ukuze zephule intando yazo. Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa nokuziphatha. UDaniel Defoe, umbhali we-Robinson Crusoe, wayengenalo unya kangangokuthi wenza iqhawe lakhe isiboshwa esinesizungu sesiqhingi esiwugwadule. Wafika nolwesihlanu kuye.

Pho kungani siphupha iziqhingi ezingahlali muntu kude nempucuko? Ngoba nakuba sibadinga abanye, sivame ukuxabana nabo. Omunye umuntu ofana nathi, umfowethu, kodwa futhi isitha sethu. UFreud uchaza lesi simo endabeni yakhe ethi "Ukunganeliseki NgeSiko": sidinga enye, kodwa unesithakazelo esihlukile. Siyakufisa ukuba khona kwakhe, kodwa kukhawulela inkululeko yethu. Kuwumthombo wenjabulo nokukhungatheka kokubili.

Sesaba kokubili ukuhlasela nokulahlwa okungamenyiwe. Isazi sefilosofi esingumJalimane u-Arthur Schopenhauer wasifanisa nezingungumbane ngosuku olubandayo: sisondela kubazalwane bethu eduze ukuze sifudumale, kodwa silimazana ngamacici. Nabanye abafana nathi, kufanele sihlale sibheka ibanga eliphephile: hhayi eduze kakhulu, hhayi kude kakhulu.

Amandla okuhlangana

Njengeqembu, sizwa amandla ethu ephindaphinda. Sinomfutho owengeziwe, amandla engeziwe. Ukuvumelana, ukwesaba ukukhishwa eqenjini, ngokuvamile kusivimbela ekucabangeni ndawonye, ​​futhi ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu oyedwa angasebenza kangcono kunenkulungwane.

Kodwa lapho iqembu lifuna ukuba khona njengeqembu ngokunembile, lapho libonisa isifiso sokuthatha isinyathelo, linikeza amalungu alo ukusekela okunamandla. Lokhu kwenzeka futhi emaqenjini okwelapha, ekuxoxweni okuhlangene kwezinkinga, ezinhlanganweni ezisizanayo.

Ngawo-1960, uJean-Paul Sartre wabhala ingoma edumile ethi "Isihogo Abanye" emdlalweni othi Behind Closed Doors. Kodwa nansi indlela aphawula ngayo emazwini akhe: “Kunenkolelo yokuthi ngalokhu bengifuna ukusho ukuthi ubuhlobo bethu nabanye buhlale bunoshevu, ukuthi lobu ubuhlobo buhlala buyisihogo. Futhi bengifuna ukusho ukuthi uma ubudlelwano nabanye buhlanekezelwe, bonakaliswe, khona-ke abanye bangaba isihogo kuphela. Ngoba abanye abantu, eqinisweni, bayinto ebaluleke kakhulu kithi ngokwethu.”