I-Ultraviolet, ngokusho kwenhloko yelabhorethri ye-Federal Medical and Biological Agency u-Oleg Grigoriev, iyingozi kakhulu kunomakhalekhukhwini odumile. Ungathola umthamo obulalayo we-ultraviolet ngisho nangosuku olupholile, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen unyaka wonke.
Kodwa yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha kuzo? Ake sikuthole.
Yenzelweni i-sunscreen?
UWarren Vallo, umqondisi wesayensi kuJohnson & Johnson Skincare Research, uxwayisa ngokuthi isikhumba sondliwa njalo imisebe ye-ultraviolet, hhayi ehlobo kuphela, kodwa nasebusika. Ngisho noma uhlala ehhovisi kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa futhi ungabonisi ikhala lakho emgwaqweni phakathi nosuku, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kusangena ngeglasi (uma ideskithophu yakho iseduze nefasitela, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokhilimu).
Ungakhulumi ngesikhathi lapho ungaphandle, uphumule epaki, ukushushuluza, ukubhukuda - ngalesi sikhathi imisebe ithinta ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba - i-epidermis. Ngakho-ke, okhilimu be-SPF kufanele basetshenziswe unyaka wonke, hhayi nje ngesikhathi samaholide ehhotela.
Kungani i-ultraviolet iyingozi kangaka?
- Ngemithamo eyengeziwe, kubangela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-melanoma.
- Ibangela izimpawu ze-photoaging, "insimbi" yokuqala okuyizindawo zeminyaka yobudala.
- Kuba yimbangela ye-hyperkeratosis, okungukuthi, ukuqina nokuxebuka ngokweqile kwe-stratum corneum ye-epidermis.
- Ibangela ukubukeka kwemibimbi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-photosensitivity kanye nokuqubuka, okufana ngezindlela eziningi ne-allergies, yingakho abantu bevame ukuchazwa ngephutha ukwelashwa okungalungile.
Indlela yokukhetha ukhilimu
Ngonyaka odlule, ochwepheshe boMnyango Wezifo Zesikhumba eNorthwestern University Medical Center eChicago benza ukuhlolwa kwemithi yokuvikela ilanga. Futhi bashaqeka. Cishe ingxenye yezimali (41%) ayizange ihlangabezane nezidingo ezishiwo!
Sekukonke, ama-sunscreen angama-65 ayengaphansi kokuhlolwa. Eziningi zazo zazingenayo inkomba yokuzivikela eshiwo emaphaketheni, ezinye zazingenakho ukumelana namanzi okuthenjisiwe, futhi kwakukhona lezo eziqukethe izingxenye eziphelelwe yisikhathi.
Kanjani esimweni esinjalo ungenzi iphutha lapho uthenga futhi ungabi yisisulu sabakhiqizi abangenangqondo? Nakhu okutuswa yi-dermatologists:
1. Igama lesivikelo elamukelwa kabanzi emikhiqizweni enjalo liboniswa isifinyezo esithi SPF (Sun Protection Factor). Nokho, lesi sithonjana sisho ukuthi ukhilimu uvikela kuphela emisebeni ye-UVB, okungukuthi, amaza aphakathi emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Bese kuba nemisebe emide ye-UVA. Avikelwe izihlungi, eziqokiwe - kuye ngezwe - njenge-PA (Protection Grade of UVA) noma i-PPD (Persistent Pigment Darkening). Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvikelwe kakhulu, kufanelekile ukuthenga ukhilimu one-SPF kabili ne-PA (PPD) ephaketheni.
2. Inombolo eseduze nesifinyezo ikhombisa ukuthi ikhambi “linamandla” kangakanani. Uma inombolo iphezulu, iba ngcono. Endabeni ye-SPF, inani eliphakeme lingama-50 (lokhu kunikeza isivikelo esiqine kakhulu futhi kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ogwini noma ezindaweni ezinemisebe ephezulu, isibonelo, e-Australia). Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-hedgehog edolobheni, i-SPF 30 izokwenza. Noma yini engaphansi kuka-20 ayisesona isivikelo, kodwa yingxoxo evuna abampofu.
Nge-PA, izinga lokuvikela aliboniswa ngezinombolo, kodwa ngama-pluses: inani eliphakeme lingu-PA++++, ubuncane yi-PA+.
3. Kukhona futhi imisebe ye-UVC, kodwa mifushane kakhulu futhi ayifiki eMhlabeni, ngakho-ke awudingi ukukhathazeka ngayo. Uma i-sunscreen ithi "ivikela i-UVC", khona-ke lokhu kuwubuqili obulula kanye "nezintambo" zabathengi.
4. Uma kungenzeka, khetha umkhiqizo ozomelana namanzi kanye nomjuluko (iphakheji kufanele imakwe "ingenamanzi").
5. Uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo eminingana yokuzivikela ngesikhathi esisodwa (isibonelo, ukhilimu kanye ne-powder), sicela uqaphele ukuthi izihlungi kuleli cala azingeziwe. Yiyodwa kuphela ezosebenza, lena enenani eliphakeme. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa ukhilimu ngenkomba yokuzivikela ye-SPF 30, futhi ubeke i-SPF15 powder phezulu, khona-ke ukuvikelwa ngeke kube yi-45, kodwa kuphela i-30.
6. Themba kancane izeluleko zabangane bakho - ubuchwepheshe obuningi nodokotela besikhumba. Kuye kwafakazelwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa: ubufakazi bochwepheshe nabantu abavamile buhluka kakhulu. Kubantu abavamile, ubuhle bokupakisha kanye nephunga, njengoba kuvela, kubaluleke kakhulu kunokusebenza komkhiqizo. Futhi kufanele kuhluke ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokufaka ukhilimu
Okhilimu be-SPF badinga ukuphinda bafakwe njalo emahoreni amabili.
Cabangela ukuhambisana komkhiqizo. Ama-creams afaneleka kakhulu esikhumbeni esomile emzimbeni nasebusweni. Ama-gel alungele izinwele, isibonelo, amabele wesilisa, kanye nabanikazi besikhumba esinamafutha. Ama-lotions amahle ukusetshenziswa eduze kwamehlo. Izifutho zifanelekile ukunikeza ingane isivikelo kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni.
Gcoba i-sunscreen ngemuva kokuthambisa noma ukhilimu onomsoco, kodwa ngaphambi kwesisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-SPF, kufanelekile ukulinda imizuzu embalwa ukumunca kahle ngaphambi kokufaka izimonyo.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nezingxenye ezinjalo zomzimba njengentamo, izandla, i-décolleté, izindebe, izindlebe - zithinteka kakhulu emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
Njalo uma usuka olwandle, phinda ugcobe ukhilimu, ngisho noma uwugcobe ngawo imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba uyobhukuda.
Sebenzisa i-mineral powder, izinto zayo ezingaphili ziwuhlobo lwezihlungi ze-UV. I-Titanium ne-zinc dioxide, ehlala ikhona emanzini amaminerali, inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuxosha izithombe. Ngokuvamile izimonyo ezinjalo zinokuvikelwa kwe-SPF 50.
Ukuvikela ilanga kufanele kusetshenziswe okungenani imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokuphuma ngaphandle.