Yini isifo sohlangothi?

Un unhlangothi noma unhlangothi, ukwehluleka ekujikelezeni kwegazi okuthinta indawo enkulu noma encane ye- Ubuchopho. Kwenzeka ngenxa ukuvaleka noma ukuphuka komkhumbi wegazi futhi kubangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, ancishwa umoya-mpilo nezakhi ezibalulekile emisebenzini yawo. Kubantu abaningi, azikho izimpawu zokuqala zokuquleka. Nokho, izici eziningana eziyingozi zingabhekwa.

Ukufunda: izimpawu ze-stroke kanye nezimpawu zayo

Imivimbo inemiphumela eguquguqukayo kakhulu. Bangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abahlushwa yiwo. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-1 ululama ngokuphelele.

Ubunzima be- ukulandelana kuncike endaweni yobuchopho ethintekile kanye nemisebenzi ebulawulayo. Uma isifunda sincishwa umoya-mpilo sikhulu, ingozi ye-sequelae iba nkulu. Ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi, abanye abantu bazoba nayo ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukubhala (aphasia) kanye izinkinga zenkumbulo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi bahlushwa ukukhubazeka okubaluleke kakhulu noma okuncane komzimba.

Izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi, isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha

Lapho amangqamuzana ezinzwa entula umoya-mpilo, ngisho nangemizuzu embalwa, ayafa; ngeke bavuselele. Futhi, isikhathi esifushane phakathi kwe-stroke kanye nokwelashwa, yehlisa ingozi ye-sequelae ebucayi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani umonakalo obangelwa ukuntula umoya-mpilo, ubuchopho bunekhono elithile lokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ngezinye izikhathi amangqamuzana ezinzwa anempilo angathatha amangqamuzana afile uma ekhuthazwa ukuzivocavoca okuhlukahlukene.

Izimbangela

I-Atherossteosis, ukwakheka kwama-lipid plaque ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ingenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokushaywa unhlangothi. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme nawo uyingozi enkulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfutho ongavamile okhishwa igazi ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ungabangela ukuba iqhume. Umthambo ophukile osebuchosheni ungenziwa lula ngokuba khona kwe-a i-aneurism. I-Aneurysm ukuvuvukala kwengxenye encane yomthambo, ngenxa yobuthakathaka odongeni.

Akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola imbangela eqondile yestroke. Kubalulekile nokho ukuthi odokotela bayibheke ngokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze banciphise ingozi yokuphindeka.

Ukuvama

Ngenxa yentuthuko ekuvimbeleni, ukwanda kwe-stroke kwehle kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, nokho, kubonakala kuzinza.

Ngisho nanamuhla, eCanada, abantu abangaphezu kuka-50 bahlushwa isifo sohlangothi unyaka ngamunye futhi cishe abangu-000 babulawa yiso. Yize isifo sohlangothi siyivelakancane kunesifo senhliziyo, siseyimbangela yesithathu yokufa kwabantu abaningi kuleli futhi siyimbangela enkulu yokukhubazeka.

Izingxenye ezintathu kwezine ze-stroke zenzeka kubantu abadala 65 nangaphezulu. ECanada naseNyakatho Melika, ngokuvamile, zithinta abesifazane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Izingane ezincane nazo zingahlushwa yiwo, kodwa akuvamile ukwenzeka.

izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 zokushaywa unhlangothi: ezokuqala ezi-2 zibangelwa ukuvaleka komthambo wobuchopho (ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic). Yizona ezivame kakhulu futhi zimele cishe u-80% wemivimbo. Okwesithathu kubangwa ukopha ebuchosheni (ingozi yokopha):

• I-Cerebral thrombosis. Imelela u-40% kuya ku-50% wamacala. Kwenzeka uma a ihlwili amafomu egazi emthanjeni we-cerebral, ku-lipid plaque (i-atherosclerosis);
• I-cerebral embolism. Imelela cishe u-30% wamacala. Njenge-thrombosis, umthambo wobuchopho uvimbekile. Nokho, lapha ihlule elivimbe umthambo liye kwakheka kwenye indawo futhi liye lathwalwa yigazi. Ngokuvamile kuvela enhliziyweni noma umthambo we-carotid (entanyeni);
• Ukopha ebuchosheni. Ibalelwa ku-20% wamacala, kodwa iwuhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-stroke. Ngokuvamile okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme isikhathi eside, kungase futhi kubangele ukuphuka komthambo wobuchopho, lapho kukhona i-aneurism.

  Ngaphezu kokuncisha ingxenye yobuchopho umoya-mpilo, ukopha kubulala amanye amangqamuzana ngokucindezela izicubu. Kungenzeka phakathi nendawo noma emaphethelweni obuchopho, ngaphansi nje kwemvilophu ye-cranial.

  Okunye, okungajwayelekile kakhulu, izimbangela zokopha ebuchosheni zihlanganisa ukuhlaselwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukopha esimila ebuchosheni, nezinkinga zokujiyisa igazi.

Kungase kwenzeke ukuthi ukuvinjelwa komthambo wobuchopho kungokwesikhashana futhi kuxazulula ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokushiya noma iyiphi i-sequelae. Lesi simo sikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic yesikhashana (AIT) noma i-mini stroke. Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa yi-MRI. Izimpawu ziyefana nalezo ze-stroke “yangempela”, kodwa ziyaphela esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora. I-mini-stroke ifulegi elibomvu okufanele lithathwe ngokungathi sína: lingalandelwa ukushaywa kwesinye isikhathi okubi kakhulu emahoreni angama-48 alandelayo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.