"Ngaphandle kwama-spoilers!" - ibinzana elingaletha cishe noma yimuphi umgxeki wefilimu ekushiseni okumhlophe. Futhi hhayi yena kuphela. Sesaba kakhulu ukwazi i-denouement kusenesikhathi - futhi ngoba sinesiqiniseko sokuthi kulokhu injabulo yokwazi umsebenzi wobuciko izokonakala ngokungenathemba. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela?
Kuwo wonke amasiko futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi, abantu baye baxoxa izindaba. Futhi kule minyaka eyinkulungwane, siye saqonda kahle ukuthi yini eyenza noma iyiphi indaba ibe mnandi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifomethi. Enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zendaba enhle isiphetho sayo. Sizama ukwenza konke ukuze singatholi kusenesikhathi ukuchithwa kwefilimu esingakayiboni, noma incwadi esingakayifundi. Lapho nje sizwa isiphetho ngephutha ekulandiseni kabusha kothile, kubonakala sengathi umbono wonakaliswe ngendlela engenakuguquleka. Izinkinga ezinjalo sizibiza ngokuthi "abaphangi" (kusuka kwesiNgisi kuya ku-spoil - "spoil").
Kodwa abakufanelekeli idumela labo elibi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ukwazi isiphetho sendaba ngaphambi kokuyifunda ngeke kulimaze ukuqonda. Ngokuphambene nalokho: kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukujabulela umlando ngokugcwele. Lokhu kuyindida ye-spoiler.
Abacwaningi uNicholas Christenfeld noJonathan Leavitt baseYunivesithi yaseCalifornia benze izivivinyo ezintathu ngezindaba ezimfushane ezingu-12 zikaJohn Updike, u-Agatha Christie, no-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Zonke izindaba zazineziqephu ezikhumbulekayo, ingwijikhwebu nezimfumbe. Ezimweni ezimbili, izifundo zitshelwe isiphetho kusengaphambili. Abanye banikezwa ukuba bayifunde embhalweni ohlukile, abanye bahlanganisa ukonakala embhalweni oyinhloko, futhi isiphetho saziwa kakade kusukela esigabeni sokuqala esilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Iqembu lesithathu lithole umbhalo ngendlela yawo yoqobo.
Lolu cwaningo lushintsha umqondo wabaphangi njengento eyingozi futhi engathandeki.
Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi ohlotsheni ngalunye lwendaba (i-ironic twist, imfihlakalo, nendaba evusa amadlingozi), ababambiqhaza bancamela izinguqulo "ezimoshiwe" kunezokuqala. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izihloko zazithanda imibhalo ene-spoiler ebhalwe ekuqaleni kombhalo.
Lokhu kushintsha umqondo wabaphangi njengento eyingozi futhi engathandeki. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani lokhu kunjalo, cabanga ngocwaningo olwenziwa emuva ngo-1944 nguFritz Heider noMary-Ann Simmel baseSmith College. Ayikalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kuze kube yilolu suku.
Bakhombise ababambiqhaza upopayi wabonxantathu ababili, indilinga nesikwele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izibalo zejiyomethri ezilula zinyakaze ngendlela exakile esikrinini, izihloko zathi izinhloso nezisusa zalezi zinto, “zizenza zibe ngumuntu”. Izifundo eziningi zachaza indilinga nonxantathu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuthi «othandweni» futhi zaphawula ukuthi unxantathu omkhulu omubi ompunga uzama ukubavimba.
Lesi senzo sibonisa ukuthanda kwethu ukuxoxa indaba. Siyizilwane zomphakathi, futhi izindaba ziyithuluzi elibalulekile lokusisiza siqonde ukuziphatha komuntu futhi sidlulisele lokho esikubonile kwabanye. Lokhu kuhlobene nalokho izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezikubiza ngokuthi "inkolelo-mbono yengqondo." Ukwenza lula kakhulu, kungachazwa kanje: sinekhono lokuqonda futhi sizame ngokwethu imicabango, izifiso, izisusa nezinhloso zabanye, futhi sisebenzisa lokhu ukubikezela nokuchaza izenzo nokuziphatha kwabo.
Sinekhono lokuqonda izinhloso zabanye abantu futhi sibikezele ukuthi bazobangela ukuziphatha okunjani. Izindaba zibalulekile ngoba zisivumela ukuthi sikhulume lobu budlelwano obuyimbangela. Ngakho-ke, indaba inhle uma ifeza umsebenzi wayo: idlulisela ulwazi kwabanye. Yingakho indaba «eyonakele», isiphetho sayo eyaziwa kusengaphambili, ikhanga kakhulu: kulula ngathi ukuyiqonda. Ababhali bocwaningo bachaza lo mphumela ngale ndlela: “ukungazi isiphetho kungonakalisa injabulo, kuphambukise ukunaka emininingwaneni nasezimfanelo ezinhle zobuhle.”
Cishe usubonile izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ukuthi indaba enhle ingaphindaphindwa kanjani futhi ibe yimfuneko, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-denouement kade yaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Cabanga ngezindaba eziye zahlala isikhathi eside, njengenganekwane ye-Oedipus. Naphezu kokuthi isiphetho sisaziwa (iqhawe lizobulala uyise bese lishada nonina), lokhu akunciphisi ukungena komlaleli endabeni.
Ngosizo lomlando, ungakwazi ukudlulisa ukulandelana kwezenzakalo, uqonde izinhloso zabanye abantu.
“Mhlawumbe kulula kakhulu ngathi ukucubungula ulwazi futhi kulula ukugxila ekuqondeni okujulile komlando,” kusikisela u-Jonathan Leavitt. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba sisebenzisa izindaba ukuze sidlulisele imibono eyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela ezinkolelweni zenkolo kuya ezimisweni zomphakathi.
Thatha indaba kaJobe eTestamenteni Elidala. Ama-Israyeli adlulisela lomfanekiso ukuze achazele izizukulwane ukuthi kungani umuntu omuhle, owesaba uNkulunkulu engahlupheka futhi angajabuli. Sidlulisela imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ngezindaba ngoba ingacutshungulwa futhi igcinwe kalula kunombhalo osemthethweni.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi sisabela kahle kakhulu olwazini lapho lwethulwa ngendlela yokulandisa. Ulwazi oludluliswa «njengeqiniso» lungaphansi kokuhlaziywa okubucayi. Izindaba ziyindlela ephumelelayo yokudlulisa ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Cabanga ngakho: amagama angakusiza uqonde igama elilodwa noma umqondo, kodwa indaba ingadlulisa lonke ukulandelana kwezehlakalo, uqonde izinhloso zabanye abantu, imithetho yokuziphatha, izinkolelo, kanye nezimiso zomphakathi.
Spoiler — akukubi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwenza indaba eyinkimbinkimbi ibe lula, iyenze ibe lula ukuyiqonda. Ngenxa yakhe, sihileleke kakhulu emlandweni futhi siyawuqonda ezingeni elijulile. Futhi mhlawumbe, uma le ndaba «yonakele» iyinhle ngokwanele, ingaphila izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Umbhali - Adori Duryappa, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, umbhali.