Ukunikela ngesidoda yi-a isipho samahhala. Izimo zakhe zokungaziwa ziguqulwe umthethosivivinywa we-bioethics owamukelwe ngoLwesibili, Juni 29, 2021 ePhalamende Likazwelonke. Kusukela enyangeni yeshumi nantathu ngemva kokumenyezelwa komthetho, izingane ezikhuliswe ngesidoda noma umnikelo we-oocyte zizokwazi cela ulwazi olungahlonzi (iminyaka yobudala, izisusa, izici zomzimba) kodwa futhi ubunikazi bomnikeli. Kusukela ngalolo suku olufanayo, abanikeli kufanele bavume ukuthi idatha ingavezwa futhi ihlonzwe uma kwenzeka ingane izalwa ngalo mnikelo futhi iwufuna. Umnikelo wesidoda, njengomnikelo weqanda, uvumela umbhangqwana ophethe isifo sofuzo noma ongakwazi ukuba nezingane ukuthi ube nazo.

Ubani onganikela ngesidoda sakhe?

Ngokwemithetho ye-bioethics ka-1994, eyabuyekezwa ngo-2004 kwathi ngo-2011, kuyadingeka ukuba okungenani i-18 nangaphansi kwe-45, abe neminyaka esemthethweni futhi abe nempilo enhle ukuze anikele ngesidoda. 

Ubani ongaxhumana naye ukuze unikele ngesidoda?

Ukuze unikele ngesidoda, kufanele uxhumane nesikhungo socwaningo nokongiwa kwamaqanda nesidoda (CECOS). Kunama-31 eFrance. Lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile zixhunywe esikhungweni sasesibhedlela. Ungakwazi futhi ukuzijwayeza ukunikela ngeqanda kanye nokunikela ngombungu.

Kusebenza kanjani ukunikela ngesidoda?

I-Cum iqoqwa esizeni ngokushaya indlwabu. Ukuvakasha kahlanu noma okuyisithupha kuma-Cecos kuyadingeka ukuze kutholwe inani elanele lezitsha zesidoda. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, onikelayo ulandelwa ithimba lezokwelapha futhi izingxoxo nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo zinikezwa. Ngemva kokuba isidoda sesiqoqiwe, izici zaso zikalwa elabhorethri futhi siqandiswe ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi ku--196 ° C.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuqala zomnikeli wesidoda?

Ucwaningo lozalo lwenziwa emndenini walowo onikelayo ukuze kutholwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba khona kwezifo noma izingozi zofuzo. a ukuhlolwa kwegazi Iphinde yenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungabikho kwezifo ezithathelwanayo (i-AIDS, i-hepatitis B no-C, ugcunsula, i-HTLV, i-CMV kanye nezifo ze-chlamydia). Izinga labanikelayo alikwazi ukugcinwa - ngenxa yokungabekezelelani kahle kwesidoda emakhazeni, amapharamitha ampofu wesidoda, ukuba khona kwesifo esithathelwanayo noma ingozi yofuzo - cishe 40%.

Ubani ongazuza ekunikeleni ngesidoda?

Imibhangqwana yabantu bobulili obuhlukile, imibhangqwana yabesifazane nabesifazane abangashadile bangazuza. Kwabesifazane, umkhawulo weminyaka yokuvula ifayela yiminyaka engama-42. Kwabashadile abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile, Ukunikela ngesidoda kuboniswa uma owesilisa engazali, noma uma kwenzekaI-azoospermie (ukungabikho kwe-spermatozoa esidodeni), noma ukulandela ukwehluleka kokuvundiswa kwe-in vitro lapho isici sowesilisa sibonakala siyimbangela. Kungabuye kuboniswe ukuzegwema ukudluliselwa kwesifo sofuzo enganeni. Kulokhu, ikomiti elakhiwe ngodokotela, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nezazi zofuzo liyahlangana ukuze linqume ukuthi liyavumelana yini noma cha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokusiza zokukhiqiza ezihambisana nokunikelwa kwesidoda?

Amasu amaningana okuzala okusizwa ngokwemithi (MAP, noma i-MAP) angahlotshaniswa nokunikelwa kwesidoda: ukufakwa kwe-intra-cervical, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF) kanye ne-in vitro fertilization ngomjovo we-intracytoplasmic (ICSI).

Ingabe bakhona abanikela ngesidoda abanele eFrance?

Ngo-2015, amadoda angu-255 kuphela anikela ngesidoda kanti izithandani ezingu-3000 zazimi ngomumo. Kusukela kwabuyekezwa imithetho ye-bioethics ngo-2004, inani lezingane ezizalwa ngesidoda somnikeli ofanayo lilinganiselwe kwabayishumi (uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanu ngaphambilini). Ngokombono, inani labanikelayo liyokwanela, kodwa empeleni akuvamile ukuba nesidoda esanele esivela kumnikeli oyedwa ukuze kutholwe izingane eziyishumi.

Yisiphi isikhathi sokulinda ukuze uthole umnikelo wesidoda?

Ezihlukahlukene phakathi konyaka owodwa nemibili. Kwezinye izikhungo, umbhangqwana owamukelayo unikezwa ukuthi ufike nomuntu onikelayo ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo. Uma kunje, isidoda sakamuva ngeke sisetshenziselwe abashadikazi okukhulunywa ngabo ukuze bahlonipheukungaziwa komnikeli.

Ungakwazi yini ukukhetha umnikezeli wakho wesidoda?

Cha Ukunikela ngesidoda akwaziwa neze futhi, e-France okungenani, umbhangqwana owamukelayo awukwazi ukwenza isicelo mayelana nephrofayili yomnikeli omfunayo. Kodwa-ke, ithimba lezokwelapha alithathi umuntu onikelayo ngokungahleliwe. Amarekhodi ezokwelapha omnikeli kanye nomama aqhathaniswa nokugwema izingozi ezikhulayo. Izici zomzimba zomnikeli (umbala wesikhumba, amehlo nezinwele) nazo zenziwa ukuze zifane nezabazali. Iqembu legazi nalo liyahlolwa, okokuqala ukuthi liyahambisana yini neqembu le-rh likamama, futhi okwesibili ukuze uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana ongakazalwa lufane nelabazali bakhe. Lokhu ukugwema, uma abazali bekhetha ukugcina imfihlo mayelana nendlela yokukhulelwa, ukuthi ingane yesikhathi esizayo ithola ngale ndlela ukuthi yakhulelwa ngenxa yomnikelo wesidoda.

shiya impendulo