Okuqukethwe
"Sesha isixazululo" iyisengezo se-Excel, lapho kungenzeka khona ukukhetha isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sezinkinga ngokusekelwe emikhawulweni ebekiwe. Umsebenzi wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlela abasebenzi, ukusabalalisa izindleko noma ukutshalwa kwezimali. Ukwazi ukuthi lesi sici sisebenza kanjani kuzokongela isikhathi nomzamo.
Kuyini Ukucinga Izixazululo
Ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinketho ezihlukahlukene ku-Excel, kunomsebenzi owodwa ongadumile, kodwa odingeka kakhulu "Sesha isixazululo". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuyithola akulula, ukuyazi nokusebenzisa kusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga eziningi. Inketho icubungula idatha futhi inikeze isisombululo esilungile kusuka kwabavunyelwe. Isihloko sichaza ukuthi Ukucinga Isixazululo kusebenza kanjani ngokuqondile.
Ungasivula kanjani isici esithi “Sesha isixazululo”
Ngaphandle kokusebenza ngempumelelo, inketho okukhulunywa ngayo ayikho endaweni evelele kubha yamathuluzi noma imenyu yokuqukethwe. Abasebenzisi abaningi abasebenza ku-Excel abazi ngobukhona bayo. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, lo msebenzi uvaliwe, ukuze uwubonise, yenza lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- Vula "Ifayela" ngokuchofoza igama elifanele.
- Chofoza engxenyeni ethi “Izilungiselelo”.
- Bese ukhetha isigatshana esithi “Izengezo”. Zonke izengezo zohlelo zizovezwa lapha, okubhalwe ukuthi “Ukuphatha” kuzovela ngezansi. Ngakwesokudla kuzovela imenyu ye-pop-up lapho kufanele ukhethe "I-Excel Add-ins". Bese uchofoza "Hamba".
1 - Iwindi elengeziwe elithi "Add-ins" lizovezwa kumonitha. Thikha ibhokisi eduze komsebenzi owufunayo bese uchofoza okuthi KULUNGILE.
- Umsebenzi owufunayo uzovela kuribhoni kwesokudla sesigaba "Idatha".
Mayelana Namamodeli
Lolu lwazi luzoba usizo kakhulu kulabo abasanda kujwayelana nomqondo "wemodeli yokwenza kahle". Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa "Sesha isixazululo", kunconywa ukuthi ufunde izinto zokwakha ezindleleni zokwakha amamodeli:
- inketho ecutshungulwayo izokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlonza indlela engcono kakhulu ukuze kwabiwe izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali, ukulayisha izakhiwo, ukuhlinzeka ngezimpahla noma ezinye izenzo lapho kudingekile khona ukuthola isisombululo esingcono kakhulu.
- "Indlela efanelekile" esimweni esinjalo ingasho: ukwandisa imali engenayo, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, njll.
Imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokuthuthukisa:
- Ukunqunywa kohlelo lokukhiqiza, lapho inzuzo evela ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla ezikhishiwe izoba phezulu.
- Ukunqunywa kwamamephu ezokuthutha, lapho izindleko zokuthutha zincishiswa.
- Sesha ukusatshalaliswa kwemishini eminingana yezinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi, ukuze izindleko zokukhiqiza zehliswe.
- Ukunqunywa kwesikhathi esifushane sokuqeda umsebenzi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze wenze umsebenzi ube semthethweni, kuyadingeka ukwakha imodeli ekhombisa imingcele eyinhloko yendawo yesifundo. Ku-Excel, imodeli iyisethi yamafomula asebenzisa okuguquguqukayo. Inketho ecatshangelwayo ibheka izinkomba ezithi umsebenzi wenhloso mkhulu (kancane) noma ulingana nevelu elishiwo.
Isigaba sokulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokubeka umsebenzi kuribhoni, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi inketho isebenza kanjani. Isibonelo, kukhona ulwazi mayelana nokudayiswa kwezimpahla ezikhonjiswe etafuleni. Umsebenzi ukwabela isaphulelo entweni ngayinye, okungaba ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-4.5. Ipharamitha iboniswa ngaphakathi kweseli ebizwa ngokuthi ithagethi. Ngokusekelwe kukho, amanye amapharamitha abalwa.
Umsebenzi wethu kuzoba ukubala isaphulelo lapho amanani okuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene aphindaphindwayo. Lezi zakhi ezi-2 zixhunywe ngefomula ebhalwe kanje: =D13*$G$2. Lapho ku-D13 inani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa libhaliwe, futhi i-$G$2 iyikheli lesici esifiswayo.
Ukusebenzisa umsebenzi nokuwumisa
Uma ifomula isilungile, udinga ukusebenzisa umsebenzi ngokwawo ngqo:
- Udinga ukushintshela esigabeni esithi "Idatha" bese uchofoza okuthi "Sesha isixazululo".
- "Izinketho" zizovuleka, lapho izilungiselelo ezidingekayo zisethwa. Emugqeni othi “Lungiselela umsebenzi wenjongo:” kufanele ucacise iseli lapho isamba sezaphulelo siboniswa khona. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzinqumele izixhumanisi noma ukhethe kudokhumenti.
- Okulandelayo, udinga ukuya kuzilungiselelo zeminye imingcele. Esigabeni esithi “Kuya:”, kungenzeka ukusetha imikhawulo ephezulu nencane noma inombolo eqondile.
- Khona-ke inkambu ethi "Ukushintsha amanani ezinto eziguquguqukayo" iyagcwaliswa. Lapha idatha yeseli oyifunayo ifakiwe, equkethe inani elithile. Izixhumanisi zibhaliswe ngokuzimela noma iseli elihambisanayo kudokhumenti liyachofozwa.
- Khona-ke ithebhu ethi “Ngokwemikhawulo:” iyahlelwa, lapho imikhawulo kudatha esetshenzisiwe isethiwe. Isibonelo, izinombolo zedesimali noma izinombolo ezinegethivu azifakwa.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, iwindi liyavuleka elikuvumela ukuthi ungeze imikhawulo ekubalweni. Umugqa wokuqala uqukethe izixhumanisi zeseli noma ububanzi bonke. Ukulandela izimo zomsebenzi, idatha yeseli oyifunayo iyakhonjiswa, lapho kuboniswa khona inkomba yesaphulelo. Khona-ke uphawu lokuqhathanisa luyanqunywa. Isethwe ukuze ithi “inkulu kunanoma ilingana nayo” ukuze inani lokugcina lingabi nophawu lokususa. "Umkhawulo" obekwe emgqeni wesi-3 ngu-0 kulesi simo. Kungenzeka futhi ukubeka umkhawulo ngokuthi "Engeza". Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziyefana.
- Lapho izinyathelo ezingenhla seziqediwe, umkhawulo obekiwe uvela emugqeni omkhulu kakhulu. Uhlu lungaba lukhulu futhi luzoncika enkingeni yezibalo, noma kunjalo, esimweni esithile, isimo esingu-1 sanele.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukukhetha ezinye izilungiselelo ezithuthukile. Ezansi kwesokudla kukhona inketho ethi "Izinketho" ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze lokhu.
- Kuzilungiselelo, ungasetha “Ukunemba Komkhawulo” kanye “Nemikhawulo Yesixazululo”. Esimweni sethu, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa lezi zinketho.
- Lapho izilungiselelo seziqediwe, umsebenzi ngokwawo uqala - chofoza "Thola isisombululo".
- Ngemva kokuba uhlelo lwenza izibalo ezidingekayo futhi lukhiphe izibalo zokugcina kumaseli adingekayo. Khona-ke iwindi elinemiphumela liyavuleka, lapho imiphumela igcinwa khona / ikhanseliwe, noma imingcele yokusesha ihlelwa ngokuhambisana nentsha. Uma idatha ihlangabezana nezidingo, isixazululo esitholiwe siyagcinwa. Uma uqoka ibhokisi elithi “Buyela ebhokisini lengxoxo yezinketho zokusesha isixazululo” kusengaphambili, iwindi elinezilungiselelo zokusebenza lizovuleka.
- Kungenzeka ukuthi izibalo ziphenduke zinephutha noma kunesidingo sokushintsha idatha yokuqala ukuze kutholwe ezinye izinkomba. Esimeni esinjalo, udinga ukuvula kabusha iwindi lezilungiselelo futhi uhlole kabili ulwazi.
- Uma idatha inembile, enye indlela ingasetshenziswa. Ngalezi zinhloso, udinga ukuchofoza inketho yamanje bese ukhetha indlela efaneleke kakhulu ohlwini oluvelayo:
- Ukuthola Isixazululo Ngokusebenzisa Igreyidi Ejwayelekile Yezinkinga Ezingaqondile. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, le nketho isetshenziswa, kodwa kungenzeka ukusebenzisa abanye.
- Ukuthola izixazululo zezinkinga zomugqa ngokusekelwe endleleni elula.
- Ukusebenzisa ukusesha kokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze uqedele umsebenzi.
Qaphela! Lapho izinketho ezingenhla zehlulekile ukubhekana nomsebenzi, kufanele uhlole idatha kuzilungiselelo futhi, njengoba lokhu ngokuvamile kuyiphutha elikhulu emisebenzini enjalo.
- Uma isaphulelo osifunayo sitholwa, kusasele ukusisebenzisa ukuze ubale inani lezaphulelo entweni ngayinye. Ngale njongo, isici sokuqala sekholomu "Inani Lesaphulelo" sigqanyisiwe, ifomula ibhaliwe «=D2*$G$2» bese ucindezela "Enter". Izimpawu zamadola zibekwe phansi ukuze uma ifomula yelulelwa emigqeni eseduze, i-G2 ingashintshi.
- Inani lesaphulelo sento yokuqala selizotholakala manje. Khona-ke kufanele uhambise ikhesa ekhoneni leseli, uma iba “plus”, i-LMB icindezelwe futhi ifomula yelulelwe emigqeni edingekayo.
- Ngemva kwalokho, itafula lizobe selilungile ekugcineni.
Layisha/Londoloza Izinketho Zokusesha
Lolu khetho luwusizo uma usebenzisa izinketho ezihlukahlukene zokukhawulela.
- Kumenyu Yezinketho Zokuthola Isixazululo, chofoza Layisha/Londoloza.
- Faka ububanzi bendawo yemodeli bese uchofoza Londoloza noma Layisha.
Uma ulondoloza imodeli, ireferensi ifakwa kuseli elingu-1 lekholomu engenalutho lapho kuzobekwa khona imodeli yokuthuthukisa. Ngesikhathi sokulayisha imodeli, ireferensi ifakwa kubo bonke ububanzi obuqukethe imodeli yokuthuthukisa.
Kubalulekile! Ukugcina amasethingi okugcina kwimenyu Yezinketho Zesixazululo, incwadi yokusebenzela iyagcinwa. Ishidi ngalinye kulo linezinketho zalo zokungeza i-Solver. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusetha umsebenzi ongaphezu ko-1 weshidi ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Layisha noma Londoloza" ukuze ulondoloze imisebenzi ngayinye.
Isibonelo esilula sokusebenzisa i-Solver
Kuyadingeka ukulayisha isitsha ngeziqukathi ukuze ubukhulu baso bube buphezulu. Ithangi linomthamo wama-cubic metres angama-32. m. Ibhokisi eligcwele linesisindo esingama-20 kg, umthamo walo ungama-cubic metres ayi-0,15. m. Ibhokisi - 80 kg kanye 0,5 cu. m. Kudingeka ukuthi inani eliphelele leziqukathi okungenani libe ngama-pcs ayi-110. Idatha ihlelwe kanje:
Okuguquguqukayo kwemodeli kumakwe ngokuluhlaza. Umsebenzi wenhloso ugqanyiswe ngokubomvu. Imikhawulo: ngenani elincane kakhulu leziqukathi (ezinkulu noma ezilingana no-110) nangesisindo (=SUMPRODUCT(B8:C8,B6:C6) – isisindo se-tare esiphelele esitsheni.
Ngokufanisa, sicabangela ivolumu ephelele: =SUMPRODUCT(B7:C7,B8:C8). Ifomula enjalo iyadingeka ukuze ubeke umkhawulo kumthamo ophelele weziqukathi. Khona-ke, ngokuthi “Sesha isixazululo”, izixhumanisi zifakwa ezintweni ezineziguquko, amafomula kanye nezinkomba ngokwazo (noma izixhumanisi zamaseli athile). Yebo, inani leziqukathi liyinombolo ephelele (futhi liwumkhawulo). Sicindezela "Thola isixazululo", ngenxa yalokho sithola inani elinjalo leziqukathi lapho isisindo esiphelele sikhulu futhi yonke imikhawulo iyacatshangelwa.
Ukusesha isixazululo kwehlulekile ukuthola izixazululo
Isaziso esinjalo siyavela lapho umsebenzi okukhulunywa ngawo ungakayitholi inhlanganisela yezikolo eziguquguqukayo ezinelisa umkhawulo ngamunye. Uma usebenzisa indlela ye-Simplex, kungenzeka ukuthi asikho isisombululo.
Lapho kusetshenziswa indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ezingezona umugqa, kuzo zonke izimo kusukela ezinkomba zokuqala zokuguquguquka, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isisombululo esingenzeka sikude nemingcele enjalo. Uma uqhuba umsebenzi nezinye izinkomba zokuqala zokuguquguquka, khona-ke cishe kukhona isisombululo.
Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa indlela engeyona yomugqa, izakhi zetafula ezineziguquko azizange zigcwaliswe, futhi umsebenzi awuzange uthole izixazululo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi asikho isisombululo. Manje, kucatshangelwa imiphumela yokuhlola okuthile, enye idatha ifakwa ezakhini ezineziguquko eziseduze nalezo ezitholiwe.
Kunoma isiphi isimo, kufanele uqale uhlole imodeli yokungabikho kwengxabano evimbelayo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuxhunyaniswa nokukhethwa okungalungile kwesilinganiso noma inkomba yokukhawulela.
Kulesi sibonelo esingenhla, inkomba yevolumu ephezulu yi-16 cubic metres. m esikhundleni se-32, ngoba umkhawulo onjalo uphikisana nezinkomba zenani elincane lezihlalo, ngoba lizohambisana nenani lama-cubic metres angu-16,5. m.
Isiphetho
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, inketho ethi "Sesha isixazululo" ku-Excel izosiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezithile okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka ukuzixazulula ngezindlela ezivamile. Ubunzima bokusebenzisa le ndlela ukuthi ekuqaleni le nketho ifihliwe, yingakho abasebenzisi abaningi bengazi ngobukhona bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi unzima kakhulu ukuwufunda nokusebenzisa, kodwa ngokucwaninga okufanele, kuzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu futhi kube lula izibalo.