Okuqukethwe
Izimpawu zeqhwa nokusiza ngeqhwa. Ividiyo
Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-frostbite ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi ezindaweni ezisobala zomzimba. Uma lokhu kuhlanganiswa nezici ezengeziwe ezingezinhle (izivunguvungu ezinamandla zomoya noma umswakama), umonakalo ungaba mubi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza usizo lokuqala olufanele uma kwenzeka kuba neqhwa ukuze ugweme imiphumela engase ibe khona.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala se-frostbite, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuzwa okuncane nokuvutha. Ngeshwa, abaningi abazithathi ngokungathi sína lezi zibonakaliso zangaphambi kwesikhathi lapho umzimba uqala ukukhalela usizo.
Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, usizo lokuqala luqala ukuhlinzekwa kancane kancane, lapho izinzwa sezivele zibuhlungu kakhulu.
Ngenxa yomphumela wamazinga okushisa aphansi, imithwalo yegazi yesikhumba iyancipha, okungukuthi, izinga lokugcwala kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba nge-oxygen liyancipha. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba kancane kancane uqala ukulahlekelwa amandla awo okumelana namakhaza, futhi izinguquko zibangelwa izicubu, okuholela ekufeni nasekubhujisweni kwamangqamuzana. I-hypothermia evamile yomzimba nayo ingadlala indima engalungile - kukhona ingozi engenzeka yezinkinga noma isikhathi eside sokuphulukiswa kwezindawo ezineqhwa.
Ukuze unikeze ngokuphumelelayo usizo lokuqala lwe-frostbite, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamadigri ayo. Okuncane kakhulu yi-1st degree frostbite, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlala isikhashana emakhazeni. Iziveza ngendlela yezimpawu ezinjengokushisha kancane, ukuncinza kanye nokushoshozela, isikhumba endaweni ethintekile siyaphaphatheka noma sibe mhlophe. Uma indawo ye-frostbite ifudumala, isikhumba siphenduka sibe bomvu.
Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba se-frostbite, izicubu zibuyiselwa ngokuphelele phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-5-6
Uma isikhathi sokuba ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle sasinde, i-2 degree of frostbite ingase ivele, ebonakala ngesikhumba esiphaphathekile kakhulu, esihambisana nokwehla okuphawulekayo kokuzwela kwesikhumba ekushukumiseni kwangaphandle, kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni kwayo okuphelele. Lapho indawo eyonakele ifudumala, ubuhlungu kule ndawo buyanda, futhi isikhumba esilumayo siqala. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, amabhamuza noma amabhamuza anokuqukethwe okusobala angavela esikhumbeni. Ukuze uthole ukuphulukiswa okuphelele ngemva kwe-frostbite ye-2 degree, kungase kuthathe isonto elilodwa noma amabili, futhi kuphela uma usizo lokuqala lunikezwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
I-3rd degree of frostbite ihluka ngezimpawu ezifanayo njengalezo ezilula, nokho, zivela kakhulu - ubuhlungu bunamandla, futhi amabhamuza avela ngemva kokulimala aqukethe uketshezi olunegazi.
Kulokhu, amangqamuzana esikhumba ayafa, ngakho-ke, kamuva, izibazi zingase zakhe endaweni eyonakele. Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwezilonda zebanga lesi-3 singaba yinyanga.
Okuyingozi kakhulu yi-frostbite ye-4th degree, engenzeka ngenxa yokuhlala isikhathi eside ezimweni zokushisa okuphansi, kanye nomthelela wezinto ezingezinhle ezengeziwe (izingubo ezimanzi, umoya onamandla, njll.). I-Frostbite yeBanga lesi-4 ibonakala ngenhlanganisela yezimpawu zebanga lesi-2 nelesi-3. Nokho, imiphumela kuleli cala ingaba mibi kakhulu. Ngokunqotshwa kobunzima obunjalo, i-necrosis yezicubu ezithambile, amalunga ngisho namathambo kungenzeka; indawo ethintekile ine-marbled noma i-bluish tint, ingavuvukala, futhi ngemva kokufudumala ingakhula ngosayizi.
Usizo lokuqala lwe-frostbite ebusweni
Ukuze unikeze kahle usizo lokuqala lwe-frostbite ebusweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale ukusabela ngokushesha ngemva kokuzwakalisa noma ukugubha ezihlathini noma ekhaleni emakhazeni, ngoba lezi yizibonakaliso zokuqala ze-frostbite ezayo. Okokuqala, kufanele uvale ngokushesha ubuso bakho ngesikhafu noma ngesandla, futhi uphakamise ikhola yakho. Ngokuvamile abantu abezwa le mizwa bazama ukukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Okungenwa kalula yiqhwa yizitho ezilandelayo zomzimba: ubuso, izindlebe, izingalo nemilenze.
Kuyasiza futhi ukuhlikihla ikhala nezihlathi ngezintende ezifudumele, ezomile kuze kube yilapho zishaywa kancane ukuze ubuyisele ukujikeleza kwegazi esilinganisweni esifanele. Akufanele usebenzise amagilavu amanzi noma ama-mittens, futhi ikakhulukazi iqhwa, ukuze ungafaki ama-microtraumas akhiwe esikhumbeni esibucayi sobuso.
Ngemuva kokufudumala, isikhumba singagcotshwa ngamafutha emifino, i-petroleum jelly nayo ifanelekile kulokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho ungafaka i-bandage yokufudumala.
Usizo lokuqala lwezandla nezinyawo ze-frostbite
Imvamisa, ubungozi bokushaywa yiqhwa buvela kuzinambuzane ezingafudumali ngokwanele noma amagilavu amanzi ngenxa yeqhwa. Ngokushesha nje lapho izandla ziqala ukuqhwa, kuyadingeka ukuqala ukuzifudumeza ngokuzivocavoca okunamandla.
I-Frostbite yezinyawo ingenzeka kakhulu lapho umuntu emakhazeni ezicathulweni eziqinile, ezingakhululekile, ikakhulukazi uma zimanzi. Ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha izicathulo zasebusika usayizi owodwa omkhulu kunokuba, isibonelo, izicathulo zasehlobo. Ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, ungafaka amasokisi afudumele futhi ugcine ukujikeleza kwegazi ezingeni elifanele.
Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zokuqhwa kwezinyawo, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi usebenze ngokushesha: gxuma, nyakazisa izinzwane zakho, noma vele uhambe ngamandla.
Indlela elula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ephumelelayo yosizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka i-frostbite emaphethelweni amanzi afudumele, okugeza okukhonjiswa kuwo kokubili isithwathwa semilenze nezandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanelekile ukulungiselela ukugeza, izinga lokushisa elingama-30-35 degrees. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwandisa kancane kancane izinga lokushisa lamanzi kuze kufike ku-40-50 degrees. Isikhathi esiphelele sale nqubo imizuzu engu-20-25. Ubomvu besikhumba kanye nezinzwa zobuhlungu obuncane zibonisa ukuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi endaweni eyonakele yesikhumba kuqala ukululama.
Usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka kuba neqhwa
Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela wokugeza okufudumele, ungenza i-massage elula yesitho. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kufanele usule ngokucophelela indawo ethintekile. Uma kungekho amabhamuza esikhumbeni, gcoba isikhumba ngokuxubha utshwala bese usebenzisa i-compress yokushisa. Ngaphambi kokuxhumana nodokotela, kungcono ukuyeka ukusebenzisa imithi: lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukwelashwa okulandelayo.
Ngemva kokunikeza usizo lokuqala, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo esikhungweni sezokwelapha ukuze sinikeze usizo olufanelekayo.
Usizo lokuqala olungalungile lwe-frostbite
Umgomo oyinhloko wosizo lokuqala lwe-frostbite ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi okuphazamisekile. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele uzame ukufudumala ingxenye ethintekile yomzimba ngokushesha ngokucwiliswa emanzini ashisayo: ngemva kokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi ezicutshini ezingeni lamaselula, uhlobo lwenqubo "yokulala" lwenzeka, lapho ukujikeleza kwegazi kuncipha kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, imizamo yokubuyisela ngokushesha ukugeleza kwegazi ingaholela ekufeni kweseli endaweni ye-frostbite, okungukuthi, kukhona usongo lwe-tissue necrosis.
Izikhathi eziningi kuba khona izincomo eziyiphutha ezinjalo, njengosizo ngendlela yokuhlikihla ngeqhwa noma amanzi abandayo. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu: izinga lokushisa lendawo ewonakele ngenxa yalokhu kuguqulwa kunganciphisa nakakhulu, futhi ukuxubha okunamandla kungabangela ama-microtraumas, okubuye agcwale ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokutheleleka.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda: i-palming.