Izimfihlo zamaphupho ngemibuzo nezimpendulo

Abantu bebelokhu bezama ukwembula incazelo efihliwe yamaphupho kusukela kudala. Zisho ukuthini izimpawu nemifanekiso efihlwe kuzo? Ziyini ngokujwayelekile - imilayezo evela kwelinye izwe noma ukusabela kobuchopho ezinqubweni zomzimba? Kungani abanye abantu bebuka “ifilimu” ethakazelisayo njalo ebusuku, kuyilapho abanye bengaphuphi lutho? Uchwepheshe wamaphupho uMichael Breus uphendula le mibuzo neminye.

Ngokusho kukaMichael Breus ongungoti wamaphupho, alupheli usuku kungekho okhuluma naye ngamaphupho akhe. "Iziguli zami, izingane zami, i-barista eyenza ikhofi lami ekuseni, wonke umuntu ulangazelela ukwazi ukuthi amaphupho abo asho ukuthini." Awu, isithakazelo esisemthethweni. Amaphupho ayinto emangalisayo futhi eyimfihlakalo engenakuqondwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ake sizame ukuphakamisa isihenqo semfihlo.

1. Kungani siphupha?

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi beshikashikana nale mfumbe. Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nemvelo yamaphupho. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi amaphupho awanayo injongo ethile nokuthi lokhu kumane kuwumphumela wezinye izinqubo ezenzeka ebuchosheni bomuntu olele. Abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bathi banendima ekhethekile kubo. Ngokusho kweminye imibono, amaphupho yilawa:

  • ukugcinwa kolwazi kanye nokuvelayo: ngokuhambisa izithombe zisuka enkumbulweni yesikhashana ziye kwinkumbulo yesikhathi eside, ubuchopho busula isikhala solwazi lwangosuku olulandelayo;
  • ukusekela ukulinganisela kwemizwelo, ukucubungula kabusha kwemicabango eyinkimbinkimbi, edidayo, ephazamisayo, imizwa kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho;
  • isimo esikhethekile sokuqaphela esixhumanisa okwedlule, okwamanje nekusasa ukuze ucabange kabusha izenzakalo ezedlule nezamanje futhi ulungiselele umuntu izilingo ezintsha;
  • uhlobo lokuqeqeshwa kobuchopho, ukulungiselela izinsongo ezingase zibe khona, izingozi nezinselele zempilo yangempela;
  • ukusabela kobuchopho ekushintsheni kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kanye namandla kagesi okwenzeka phakathi nokulala.

Kungaba okunembe kakhudlwana ukusho ukuthi amaphupho akhonza izinhloso eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

2. Ayini amaphupho? Ingabe bonke bayaphupha?

Iphupho lichazwa kalula nje njengeqoqo lezithombe, okuvelayo, izehlakalo kanye nemizwa esakazwa ukwazi kwethu. Amanye amaphupho afana namafilimu: indaba ecacile, ubuqili, abalingiswa. Okunye kungcolile, kugcwele imizwa nokubonwayo okudwetshiwe.

Njengomthetho, "iseshini" yamaphupho asebusuku ihlala amahora amabili, futhi ngalesi sikhathi sinesikhathi sokubuka amaphupho amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Iningi lazo lihlala imizuzu engu-5-20.

“Abantu bavame ukuthi abaphuphi,” kusho uMichael Breus. Ungase ungazikhumbuli, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi zazingekho. Amaphupho awo wonke umuntu. Iqiniso liwukuthi abaningi bethu bamane bakhohlwe iningi lamaphupho ethu. Lapho nje sivuka, ziyanyamalala.”

3. Kungani abanye abantu bengawakhumbuli amaphupho abo?

Abanye bangakwazi ukulandisa amaphupho abo ngokuningiliziwe, kuyilapho abanye benezinkumbulo ezingacacile, noma bengenakho nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningi. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhumbula amaphupho kuxhomeke emaphethini akhiwe ubuchopho. Mhlawumbe ikhono lokukhumbula amaphupho lingenxa yemodeli yomuntu ngamunye yobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu, okungukuthi, indlela esakha ngayo ukuxhumana nabanye.

Esinye isici ukushintsha kwamazinga e-hormone ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokulala kwe-REM, isigaba sokulala kwe-REM, amazinga e-cortisol ayanda, okuvimbela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezifunda zobuchopho ezinesibopho sokuhlanganisa inkumbulo.

Isigaba se-REM sihambisana namaphupho aqine kakhulu. Abantu abadala bachitha cishe u-25% wokulala kwabo okuphelele kule modi, nezikhathi ze-REM ezinde kakhulu zenzeka ebusuku nasekuseni kakhulu.

Ukuvuka udaze kuwuphawu lokuthi umzimba awukwazi ukushintsha kahle phakathi kwezigaba zokulala.

Ngaphezu kwesigaba se-REM, umjikelezo wokulala wemvelo uhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu ezengeziwe, futhi kulesi sigaba ngasinye singaphupha. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nesigaba se-REM, zizokhanya, zibe nokuhlekisa, futhi zibe nenjongo.

Wake wangakwazi ukunyakaza noma ukukhuluma ngemva kokuvuka kungazelelwe? Lesi senzakalo esiyinqaba sihlobene ngokuqondile namaphupho. Ngesikhathi sokulala kwe-REM, umzimba uyakhubazeka okwesikhashana, okubizwa ngokuthi i-REM atony. Ngakho, umzimba olele uvikelekile emonakalweni, ngoba i-atony isincisha ithuba lokunyakaza ngenkuthalo. Ake sithi undiza phezu kwamadwala noma ubalekela isigelekeqe esizifihle ubuso. Ungacabanga ukuthi bekungaba njani uma ungasabela ngokomzimba kulokho ohlangabezane nakho ephusheni? Ngokunokwenzeka, babezowa embhedeni futhi bazilimaze kabuhlungu.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhubazeka kokulala akupheli ngaso leso sikhathi. Kuyethusa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka okokuqala. Ukuvuka udaze kuwuphawu lokuthi umzimba awukwazi ukushintsha kahle phakathi kwezigaba zokulala. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wokucindezeleka, ukungalali njalo, nezinye izinkinga zokulala, kuhlanganise ne-narcolepsy ebangelwa imithi ethile noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala.

4. Ingabe kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphupho?

Yiqiniso: konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwempilo kubonakala emaphusheni. Izehlakalo nemizwelo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izindaba ezimnandi ngokuphelele, zihlanganiswa kuzo ngendlela engaqondakali. Amaphupho ajabulisayo futhi adabukisayo, asabeka futhi awajwayelekile. Uma siphupha ukuhamba ngendiza, sithola injabulo, lapho siphishekela - ukwesaba, lapho sehluleka ukuhlolwa - ukucindezeleka.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaphupho: amaphupho aphindaphindiwe, "amanzi" futhi acacile (amaphupho amabi awuhlobo olukhethekile lwamaphupho afanelwe ingxoxo ehlukile).

Amaphupho aphindaphindayo ebonakala ngokuqukethwe okusongelayo nokuphazamisayo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi zibonisa ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo, kokubili kubantu abadala nasezinganeni.

Ucwaningo lwamaphupho kaLucid alugcini nje ngokukhanyisela indlela engaqondakali yokulala, kodwa futhi luchaza ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza kanjani.

Amaphupho amanzi ebizwa nangokuthi i-nocturnal emissions. Olele uphuma isidoda ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuvame ukuhambisana namaphupho avusa inkanuko. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo senzeka kubafana ngesikhathi sokuthomba, lapho umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza i-testosterone, ebonisa ukukhula okunempilo.

amaphupho amakhulu - uhlobo lwamaphupho oluthakazelisa kakhulu. Umuntu uyazi kahle ukuthi uyaphupha, kodwa uyakwazi ukulawula lokho aphupha ngakho. Kukholelwa ukuthi lesi senzakalo sihlotshaniswa nokwanda kwe-amplitude yamagagasi obuchopho kanye nomsebenzi ongavamile wama-lobes angaphambili. Le ndawo yobuchopho inomthwalo wemfanelo wokubona, umuzwa wokuzazi, wokukhuluma kanye nenkumbulo. Ucwaningo ngokuphupha okucacile alugcini nje ngokunikeza ukukhanya endleleni engaqondakali yokulala, kodwa futhi luchaza izici eziningi zendlela ubuchopho nokwazi kusebenza ngayo.

5. Yimaphi amaphupho esivame ukuwaphupha?

Isintu besilokhu sizama ukwembula imfihlakalo yamaphupho kusukela kudala. Ngesinye isikhathi, abahumushi bamaphupho babehlonishwa njengezazi ezinkulu, futhi izinkonzo zabo zazidingeka kakhulu. Cishe yonke into eyaziwa namuhla mayelana nokuqukethwe kwamaphupho isekelwe ezincwadini zamaphupho amadala nezinhlolovo ezizimele. Sonke sinamaphupho ahlukene, kodwa ezinye izingqikithi zihlala zifana ngaso sonke isikhathi:

  • isikole (izifundo, izivivinyo),
  • ukuphishekela,
  • izigcawu ezivusa inkanuko,
  • kuwa,
  • ukufika sekwephuzile
  • ukundiza,
  • ukuhlaselwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi baphupha abantu abafile njengabaphilayo, noma okuphambene nalokho - njengokungathi abaphilayo sebevele bafa.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-neuroimaging, ososayensi bafunde ukungena emaphusheni ethu. Ngokuhlaziya umsebenzi wobuchopho, umuntu angakwazi ukwembula incazelo ecashile yezithombe ezibonwa umuntu olele. Iqembu lochwepheshe baseJapane likwazile ukucacisa incazelo yamaphupho ngokunemba okungu-70% ezithombeni ze-MRI. Abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yaseWisconsin basanda kuthola ukuthi izindawo ezifanayo zobuchopho zisebenza lapho silele njengalapho siphapheme. Isibonelo, uma siphupha ukuthi sigijima endaweni ethile, indawo ebhekene nokunyakaza ivuliwe.

6. Ahlobene kangakanani amaphupho namaqiniso?

Izehlakalo zangempela zinethonya elikhulu emaphusheni. Ngokuvamile, siphupha ngabantu esibajwayele. Ngakho-ke, abahlanganyeli ekuhlolweni babazi ngamagama angaphezu kwama-48% amaqhawe amaphupho abo. Enye i-35% ikhonjwe ngendima yomphakathi noma uhlobo lobudlelwano: umngane, udokotela, iphoyisa. Bangu-16% kuphela abalingiswa abebengaziwa, ngaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zabo bonke.

Amaphupho amaningi akhiqiza izenzakalo ze-autobiographical - izithombe ezivela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukuphupha bekhulelwe futhi bebeletha. Izisebenzi zase-hospice - ukuthi zinakekela kanjani iziguli noma iziguli ngokwazo. Abaculi – imiculo namakhonsathi.

Olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ephusheni siyakwazi ukuzwa imizwa engatholakali empeleni. Abantu abangakwazi ukuhamba kusukela besebancane bavame ukuphupha behamba, begijima futhi bebhukuda, futhi beyizithulu kusukela bezalwa - abakuzwayo.

Okuvelayo kwansuku zonke akwenziwa kabusha ngaso leso sikhathi ephusheni. Ngezinye izikhathi isipiliyoni sokuphila siguqulwa sibe iphupho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, noma ngisho nesonto kamuva. Lokhu kubambezeleka kubizwa ngokuthi "i-dream lag". Ochwepheshe abafunda ubudlelwano phakathi kwenkumbulo namaphupho bathole ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zenkumbulo zithonya okuqukethwe amaphupho. Zibonisa kokubili izinkumbulo zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwalokho - isipiliyoni sosuku nesonto.

Amaphupho awawona nje ukubonakaliswa kokuphila kwansuku zonke, kodwa futhi ithuba lokubhekana nobunzima.

Amaphupho ngezenzakalo zamanje nezesikhathi esidlule abhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisa inkumbulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkumbulo ezidalwe kabusha ephusheni azivamile ukuhambisana futhi zibe ngokoqobo. Kunalokho, abonakala eyizingcezu ezihlakazekile, njengezicucu zesibuko esiphukile.

Amaphupho awawona nje ukubonakaliswa kokuphila kwansuku zonke, kodwa futhi ithuba lokubhekana nobunzima nezimo ezingalindelekile. Ngenkathi silele, ingqondo icabanga kabusha izehlakalo ezibuhlungu futhi yamukele izinto ezingenakugwenywa. Usizi, ukwesaba, ukulahlekelwa, ukuhlukana ngisho nobuhlungu bomzimba - yonke imizwa nokuhlangenwe nakho kuyadlalwa futhi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi labo abalilela abathandekayo babo bavame ukuxhumana nabo ngamaphupho abo. Ngokuvamile amaphupho anjalo akhiwa ngokuvumelana nesinye sezimo ezintathu. Umuntu:

  • ubuyela esikhathini esedlule lapho abafileyo besaphila,
  • ubabona benelisekile futhi bejabule,
  • uthola imilayezo evela kubo.

Ucwaningo olufanayo luthole ukuthi u-60% wabantu abashonelwe uyavuma ukuthi la maphupho abasiza ukuthi babhekane nosizi.

7. Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi amaphupho asikisela imibono ehlakaniphile?

Ephusheni, ukuqonda okungazelelwe kungase kusivakashele, noma iphupho lingase lisishukumisele ekubeni sisungule. Ngokocwaningo lwamaphupho abaculi, abagcini nje ngokuphupha izingoma ezimnandi, kodwa izingoma eziningi zidlalwa okokuqala ngqa, okukhomba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqamba umculo ephusheni. Ngendlela, uPaul McCartney uthi uphuphe ingoma ethi "Izolo". Imbongi uWilliam Blake kanye nomqondisi u-Ingmar Bergman nabo bathi bathola imibono yabo engcono kakhulu emaphusheni abo. Umdlali weGolfu uJack Nicklaus ukhumbule ukuthi ukulala kwamsiza ukuthi asebenze kahle. Abaphuphi abaningi abahlakaniphile basebenzisa amaphupho ngamabomu ukuxazulula izinkinga zokudala.

Amaphupho ahlinzeka ngamathuba angapheli okuzazi futhi avikele ngokuthembekile ingqondo yethu entekenteke. Bangakwazi ukusikisela indlela yokuphuma engxabanweni futhi bathulise ingqondo enyakazayo. Ukuphulukisa noma okungaqondakali, amaphupho asivumela ukuthi sibheke ekujuleni kwe-subconscious futhi siqonde ukuthi singobani ngempela.

Mayelana Nombhali: UMichael J. Breus ungudokotela wezengqondo, uchwepheshe wamaphupho, kanye nombhali we-Always On Time: Yazi I-Chronotype Yakho futhi Uphile I-Biorhythm Yakho, Ubusuku Obulungile: Indlela Yamaviki Ayi-XNUMX Yokulala Okungcono Nempilo Engcono, nokuningi.

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