Okuqukethwe
Konke mayelana ne-sea herring
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, okuthiwa ngesiRashiya zibizwa ngokuthi i-herring. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eqinisweni, i-sea herring, ihlanganisa amanzi ahlanzekile, i-anadromous, izinhlobo ze-semi-anadromous, zombili ezihlobene futhi ezingahlobene nomndeni we-herring. Kubandakanya ezinye izinhlobo ze-whitefish nama-cyprinids. Ngokwesayensi, ama-herrings yiqembu elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini anosawoti amaningi. Amanzi ahlanzekile noma izinhlobo ze-anadromous zichazwa engxenyeni ehlukile, kuyilapho i-sea herring (i-Clupea) iwuhlobo oluhlukile lwezinhlanzi ezihlala enyakatho futhi, ngezinga elithile, eningizimu yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izizukulwane ezimbalwa ezihlobene eduze (ezingaba ngu-12), kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40, zihlala emanzini olwandle. Ukubonakala kwama-herrings kuyabonakala impela, kungumzimba we-valky ocindezelwe ngokuqinile ukusuka ezinhlangothini, i-caudal fin engabonakali. Umlomo uphakathi, amazinyo emihlathini avame ukungabi khona. Umhlane umnyama, umzimba umbozwe izikali eziwa kalula. Ukuba khona kwesinye sokubhukuda, esinesistimu evulekile, kusikisela ukuthi i-herring yizinhlanzi ze-pelargic ezikwazi ukuhlala ekujuleni okuhlukene. I-Herring iyinhlobo ephakathi nendawo, abantu abaningi abakhuli ngaphezu kwama-35-45 cm. Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuchitha ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwazo ekujuleni. Indlela yokuphila iyinkimbinkimbi impela, uhlobo olulodwa lunabantu abahamba isikhathi eside, kanti abanye bangahlala eduze nogu lokuzalwa kukho konke ukuphila kwabo noma bangalokothi bashiye indawo yeshalofu. Amanye amaqembu ahlala emachibini noma emachibini abiyelwe kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminye imihlambi emikhulu yezinhlanzi ezifanayo iyafuduka iyofuna ukudla futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ibonakala ngasogwini “njengokungathi ayiphumi ndawo.” Izinhlanzi zidla i-zooplankton, lapho zihamba zihamba ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zamanzi. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu: i-Atlantic, iMpumalanga neChile. Kuyafaneleka ukusho lapha ukuthi i-"Ivasi herring" eyaziwayo akuyona inhlanzi ngokombono wesayensi, iyinhlanzi yaseMpumalanga Ekude. Amasardine nawo ayizinhlanzi zomndeni we-herring, kodwa ayingxenye yohlobo oluhlukile.
Izindlela zokudoba
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu abaningi bahlobanisa i-herring nokudoba namanetha ezimbonini namanetha, ukudoba ukuzijabulisa nakho kungase kujabulise kakhulu. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-herring iwukudla okuyinhloko kwezinhlanzi eziningi zasolwandle ezidla inyama, le nhlanzi ingabanjwa hhayi kuphela "intshisekelo yezemidlalo", kodwa futhi ne-bait. Ukubhekana okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okuzuzisa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinduku ze-multi-hook ezine "rig egijima", ezisebenzisa kokubili izithiyo zokwenziwa nezemvelo. Ngesikhathi "sokuhamba kwezinhlanzi" babamba noma yikuphi umshini ongaphonsa ukulingisa ukudla okuyinhloko noma ama-baits emvelo aphakathi nendawo.
Ukubamba i-herring "kumashiqela", "isihlahla sikaKhisimusi"
Ukudoba "umashiqela", naphezu kwegama, okusobala ukuthi livela eRussia, kusakazeke kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa abadobi emhlabeni wonke. Kukhona umehluko omncane wendawo, kodwa isimiso sokudoba siyafana yonke indawo. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-rigs kunalokho uhlobene nobukhulu benyamazane. Ekuqaleni, ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiziphi izinduku akuzange kunikezwe. Inani elithile lentambo lilinyazwa ku-reel yokuma okungahleliwe, kuye ngokujula kokudoba, lokhu kungaba amamitha angamakhulu amaningana. I-sinker enesisindo esifanele esingafika ku-400 g ilungiswa ekugcineni, ngezinye izikhathi nge-loop ngezansi ukuze kuvikeleke i-leash eyengeziwe. Ama-leashes agxiliwe entanjeni, ngokuvamile, ngenani lezicucu ezingaba ngu-10-15. Umthofu ungenziwa ngezinto kuye ngokuthi kuhloswe ukubamba. Kungaba i-monofilament noma impahla yokuhola yensimbi noma ucingo. Kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi izinhlanzi zasolwandle “azinasici” ebukhulu bemishini, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa ama-monofilaments aqinile (0.5-0.6 mm). Mayelana nezingxenye zensimbi zemishini, ikakhulukazi izingwegwe, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kufanele zimbozwe nge-anti-corrosion coating, ngoba amanzi olwandle agqwala izinsimbi ngokushesha okukhulu. Enguqulweni "yakudala", "umashiqela" ufakwe izinti ezinezimpaphe ezinemibala enamathiselwe, izintambo zoboya noma izingcezu zezinto zokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-spinners amancane, ubuhlalu obumisiwe ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlalu, njll. Ezinguqulweni zanamuhla, lapho uxhuma izingxenye zemishini, ama-swivel ahlukahlukene, izindandatho, nokunye kuyasetshenziswa. Lokhu kwandisa ukuguquguquka kwe-tackle, kodwa kungalimaza ukuqina kwayo. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezinokwethenjelwa, ezibizayo. Emikhumbini eyisipesheli yokudoba “ngesiqhwaga” emishinini ekhethekile egibelayo yemishini yokudoba ingase ihlinzekwe. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu lapho udoba ekujuleni okukhulu. Uma ukudoba kwenzeka eqhweni noma esikebheni emigqeni emincane, khona-ke ama-reels ajwayelekile anele, angasebenza njengezinduku ezimfushane. Uma usebenzisa ama-side rods anezindandatho zokukhipha amanzi noma izinti zokuphotha zasolwandle ezimfushane, kunenkinga, kuwo wonke ama-multi-hook rig, nokunyakaziswa kwerigi lapho udlala izinhlanzi. Lapho ubamba izinhlanzi ezincane, le nkinga ixazululwa ngokusebenzisa izinduku ezinamasongo angama-6-7 m ubude, futhi lapho ubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ngokunciphisa inani lezintambo "zokusebenza". Kunoma yikuphi, lapho ulungiselela i-tackle yokudoba, i-leitmotif eyinhloko kufanele ibe lula futhi ibe lula ngesikhathi sokudoba. "I-Samodur" ibizwa nangokuthi imishini ye-multi-hook esebenzisa i-nozzle yemvelo. Umgomo wokudoba ulula kakhulu, ngemva kokwehlisa i-siker endaweni eqondile ukuze ifinyelele ekujuleni okunqunywe kusengaphambili, umlobi wezinhlanzi wenza ama-twitches wokudonsa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokomgomo wokuphazima okuqondile. Endabeni yokulunywa okusebenzayo, lokhu, ngezinye izikhathi, akudingekile. "Ukuhlaliswa" kwezinhlanzi ezingwegweni kungenzeka lapho wehlisa izinto zokusebenza noma ekujikeni komkhumbi.
Amahubo
Ezimweni eziningi, kusetshenziswa "amaqhinga" alula, enziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezikhanyayo, ngezinye izikhathi, ngokwezwi nezwi, "edolweni". Ekukhetheni ukudoba ngezinhlanzi zemvelo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa inhlanzi kanye nenyama ye-shellfish, ngisho ne-maggot, isici esiyinhloko sezinhlanzi ezinjalo kufanele kube isimo sokumelana nokulunywa njalo.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-sea herring ihlala engxenyeni ye-boreal yolwandle. Bahlala emanzini apholile futhi ayingxenye ye-arctic enyakatho nenkabazwe, kanye nasogwini lwaseChile eningizimu. Ngasogwini lwaseRussia, imihlambi ye-herring ingatholakala ogwini lwePacific, kanye naseziLwandle eziMhlophe naseBarents, njalonjalo.
Ukuzalela
Izinhlanzi zivuthwa lapho zineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, ngaphambi kokuzalela zibuthana zibe yimihlambi emikhulu. Ukuzala kwenzeka kukholomu yamanzi ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene. I-caviar enamathelayo ihlala phansi. Isikhathi sokuzala sincike endaweni yokuhlala, ngakho-ke, kucatshangelwa zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, kungenzeka cishe unyaka wonke. Ku-herring yaseNorway nase-Baltic, isikhathi sokuzala intwasahlobo nehlobo.