I-scotoma iphumela ebukhoneni bendawo eyodwa noma eziningi kunkambu yokubuka. Singahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zazo ezichazwe kakhulu yi-scotoma ephakathi nokuba khona kwendawo emnyama kanye ne-scotoma ekhazimulayo enezindawo ezimbalwa ezikhanyayo emkhakheni obukwayo.

Incazelo yescotoma

I-scotoma iyigebe emkhakheni obukwayo. Lokhu kubonakala ngalokhu:

• ukutholakala kwendawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu;
• njalo noma ngokungajwayelekile;
• emnyama noma ekhanyayo;
• maphakathi nendawo ebonakalayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emaphethelweni;
• ezingeni leso linye, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ezingeni lamehlo womabili.

Izinhlobo zeScotome

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-scotoma zichaziwe. Okubhalwe kakhulu yilezi:

• i-central scotoma eholela ekubonakaleni kwendawo emnyama enkabeni yenkambu yokubuka;
• i-scotome ekhazimulayo eholela ekubukekeni kwamabala akhazimulayo angahle akhumbuze lawo adalwe ukukhanya kwesibani.

Izimbangela ze-scotome

Le gebe lenkambu ebonakalayo lingaba nezimbangela ezihluke kakhulu:

• ukonakala kwe-macular, ukuwohloka kwe-macula (indawo ethile ye-retina) evame kakhulu ukuhambisana nobudala (ukwehla okuhlobene nobudala be-macular, nakho okwenziwe lula njenge-AMD);
• ukulimala kwe-optic nerve okungenzeka kube ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene njengokutheleleka ngegciwane, isifo sokuvuvukala noma i-multiple sclerosis;
• ingcindezi kwi-optic chiasm (iphuzu lapho kuhlangana khona izinzwa ze-optic) okungenzeka ngokushaywa unhlangothi, ukopha noma isimila ebuchosheni;
• i-vitreous detachment (i-gelatinous mass egcwalisa iso) ebonakala ngokuntanta (ukufinyela) futhi okungabangelwa ikakhulu ukuguga, ukuhlukumezeka noma ukuhlinzwa;
• i-ophthalmic migraine, noma i-migraine ene-aura ebonakalayo, ebonakala nge-scotillating scotoma ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-scotome

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-scotoma kwenziwa ngudokotela wamehlo. Ochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwamehlo uhlola ukuqina okubukwayo futhi ahlaziye ukubukeka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kweso. Ukhipha ezinye izincazelo ezikhona ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-scotoma.

Njengengxenye yokuhlaziya kwakhe, udokotela wezifo zamehlo angasebenzisa amaconsi anciphisa abafundi. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubuka i-retina ne-optic nerve, kepha kube nokubi kokufiphalisa umbono amahora amaningi. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uhambisane nalolu hlobo lokubonisana.

Ukuxilongwa kungabuye kusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-angiogram, indlela ekuvumela ukuthi ubone ngeso lengqondo imithambo yegazi.

Amabala enkambu yokubuka

I-scotoma iphumela ebukhoneni bendawo eyodwa noma eziningi kunkambu yokubuka. Kungaba ibala elilodwa noma amabala amancane ambalwa. Umuntu uhlukanisa ikakhulukazi i-scotoma emaphakathi nokuba khona kwendawo emnyama enkabeni yenkambu ebonakalayo kanye ne-scotoma ekhazimulayo enezindawo ezimbalwa ezikhanyayo emkhakheni obukwayo.

Ukwehla okungenzeka kwe-acuity ebonakalayo

Kwezinye izimo, i-scotoma ingathinta amandla okubuka. Ngokuyinhloko, umuntu one-central scotoma angaba nobunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi enembile njengokufunda noma ukuthunga.

Ubuhlungu obungenzeka

I-scintillating scotoma uphawu olujwayelekile lwe-ophthalmic migraine. Ngokuvamile kwandulela ukuhlaselwa kwe-migraine.

Uma kungekho ukungaphatheki kahle noma izinkinga, i-scotoma kungenzeka ingalashwa.

Lapho ukwelashwa kungenzeka futhi / noma kunesidingo, ukuphathwa kungahle kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ku:

• ukwelashwa kwe-analgesic;
• ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane;
• ukuhlinzwa nge-laser.

Ezinye izimo ze-scotoma zingavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphila enempilo nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela. Ikakhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi:

• gcina ukudla okunempilo, okulinganiselayo okuwumthombo wama-antioxidants (ikakhulukazi izithelo nemifino) ukuze kuqiniswe ukuvikelwa kwamehlo;
• gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinesikrini esifanelekile nesisebenzayo sokuvikela;
• gwema ukubhema;
• hlola njalo ukubona.