I-Ascaris iyi-round worm-parasite ehlala emathunjini amancane omuntu futhi ibangele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esifana ne-ascariasis kuye. Umjikelezo wempilo ye-parasite uyinkimbinkimbi impela, nakuba awudingi ukusingathwa okuningi. Isibungu singaphila kuphela emzimbeni womuntu.
Naphezu kwenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukiswa kwesibungu esivela eqandeni elibekwe, i-ascariasis isatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, isibalo sabantu abangenwe yileli gciwane sifinyelela ku-1 billion. Amaqanda e-Ascaris awakwazi ukutholakala kuphela ezindaweni ze-permafrost nasezingwadule ezomile.
Uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa komjikelezo wokuphila kwezikelemu lumi kanje:
Ngemva kokukhulelwa, amaqanda ezikelemu adedelwa endaweni engaphandle kanye nendle. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ziwela emhlabathini, lapho ziqala ukuvuthwa khona. Ukuze amaqanda akwazi ukungenwa abantu, kuyodingeka kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezintathu: umswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi (izikelemu eziyindilinga zithanda inhlabathi ewudaka, ubumba kanye ne-chernozem), ukungena kwayo kahle emoyeni kanye nezinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu. Emhlabathini, amaqanda agcina amandla awo isikhathi eside. Kunobufakazi bokuthi zingahlala ziphila iminyaka engu-7. Ngakho-ke, uma zonke izimo zihlangene, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14 emhlabathini, amaqanda e-ascaris azobe elungele ukuhlasela komuntu.
Isigaba esilandelayo sibizwa ngokuthi isiteji sezibungu. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuthwa, isibungu asikwazi ukuthelela umuntu, sidinga ukuhamba ngenqubo yokuncibilika. Ngaphambi kwe-molting, iqanda liqukethe isibungu sobudala bokuqala, futhi ngemva kokubola, isibungu seminyaka yesibili. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izibungu eziyindilinga zenza ama-molts angu-4.
Lapho isibungu esithathelwanayo, esizungezwe amagobolondo okuzivikela, singena emgudwini wamathumbu womuntu, sidinga ukuwaqeda. Ukubhujiswa kwegobolondo leqanda kwenzeka ku-duodenum. Ukuze ungqimba oluvikelayo luhlakazeke, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-carbon dioxide, i-asidi yemvelo ye-pH 7 kanye nezinga lokushisa lika-+37 degrees Celsius kuzodingeka. Uma zonke lezi zimo ezintathu kuhlangatshezwana nazo, khona-ke isibungu esincane sizochanyuselwa sisuka eqandeni. Ubukhulu bayo buncane kangangokuthi bungena ku-mucosa yamathumbu ngaphandle kobunzima futhi bungene egazini.
Izibungu zingena emithanjeni ye-venous, khona-ke, ngokugeleza kwegazi, ziya emthanjeni we-portal, ku-atrium efanele, ku-ventricle yenhliziyo, bese kunethiwekhi ye-capillary yamaphaphu. Kuze kube yisikhathi lapho izibungu ze-ascaris zingena zisuka emathunjini zingene kuma-capillaries e-pulmonary, isilinganiso sezinsuku ezintathu sidlula. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izibungu zingahlala enhliziyweni, esibindini nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Kusuka kuma-capillaries amaphaphu, izibungu zingena ku-alveoli, ezakha izicubu zamaphaphu. Kulapho kunezimo ezivumayo kakhulu zokuthuthuka kwazo. Ku-alveoli, izibungu zingahlala izinsuku ezingu-8-10. Ngalesi sikhathi, badlula ama-molts amabili, eyokuqala ngosuku lwesi-5 noma lwesi-6, kanti eyesibili ngosuku lwe-10.
Ngodonga lwe-alveoli, isibungu singena ku-bronchioles, ku-bronchi naku-trachea. I-cilia, emise uqhoqhoqho, iphakamisela izibungu emphinjeni ngokunyakaza kwazo okubenyezelayo. Ngokuhambisanayo, isiguli sine-reflex yokukhwehlela, enomthelela ekuphonseni kwabo emgodini womlomo. Lapho, izibungu ziphinde zigwinywe kanye namathe futhi ziphinde zingene esiswini, bese zingena emathunjini.
Kusukela kuleli phuzu emjikelezweni wokuphila, ukwakheka komuntu omdala ogcwele kuyaqala. Odokotela babiza lesi sigaba ngokuthi isigaba samathumbu. Izibungu eziphinde zingene emathunjini zinkulu kakhulu ukuthi zingadlula ezimbotsheni zawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sebevele banokuhamba okwanele ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala kuwo, bephikisana nobuningi be-fecal. Phenduka ube yi-ascaris yabantu abadala ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2-3. Kuye kwasungulwa ukuthi i-clutch yokuqala yamaqanda izovela ezinsukwini ezingu-75-100 ngemva kokuba iqanda lingene emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukuze kwenzeke ukuvundiswa, kokubili iduna nensikazi kufanele zibe semathunjini. Ngemuva kokuthi insikazi ibeke amaqanda enziwe ngomumo, wona, kanye nendle, azophuma, awele emhlabathini bese elinda isikhathi esifanele sokuhlasela okulandelayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umjikelezo wokuphila kwesikelemu uzoziphinda.
Njengomthetho, kungenxa yalolu hlelo ukuthi umjikelezo wokuphila we-roundworms wenzeka. Kodwa-ke, imijikelezo ye-atypical yokuphila kwabo iyachazwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isigaba samathumbu asihlali sithatha indawo yesinye esifudukayo. Ngezinye izikhathi izibungu zingahlala esibindi futhi zifele lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela okukhulu, inani elikhulu lezibungu liphuma ne-mucus endaweni yangaphandle. Futhi ngaphambi kokuthomba, bayafa.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ezinye izibungu ze-Ascaris zingaba khona kwezinye izitho isikhathi eside, zibangele izimpawu zesici. I-ascariasis yenhliziyo, amaphaphu, ubuchopho nesibindi iyingozi kakhulu hhayi empilweni kuphela, kodwa nasempilweni yomuntu. Ngempela, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ngisho nangaphandle kokuhlala ezithweni, izibungu zivusa ukubukeka kwe-infiltrates ezivuthayo kanye ne-micronecrosis zones esibindi nasemaphashini. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ezithweni ezisekela ukuphila komuntu uma isibungu sihlala kuzo.
I-Parasitization ye-ascaris emathunjini ibangela ukuzivikela komzimba, okuthinta kabi inkambo yezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu ugula isikhathi eside futhi kaningi.
Isikelemu esikhulile sihlala emathunjini isikhathi esingangonyaka, emva kwalokho sife ngenxa yokuguga. Ngakho-ke, uma ukutheleleka kabusha kungakaze kwenzeke ngonyaka, i-ascariasis izozibhubhisa.