Ryadovka

Imigqa ayiwona amakhowe athandwayo futhi abaningi abazi ngisho nokuba khona kwawo. Futhi ngendlela, lokhu kuwumkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu futhi omnandi. Yiziphi izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko - manje sizothola.

Imigqa: ukuthi zibukeka kanjani, ziyini, zibheke kuphi

Imigqa amakhowe e-agaric avela emndenini wegama elifanayo. Izazi ze-Mycologists zabala abameleli abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ze-Ryadovkovs. Eziningi zazo ziyadliwa, kodwa ezinye ziyingozi kubantu. Amakhowe athola igama lawo elimangalisayo ngenxa yendlela yokukhula eyisici - ngemigqa noma ngamaqembu. Nakuba zinelinye igama - amagundane.

Isici esiyinhloko salawa makhowe yinyama engavamile ensomi. Kodwa umbala wezigqoko ungahluka kakhulu. Kukhona okumhlophe, okumpunga, okunsomi okukhanyayo nokumnyama ngisho nombala onsundu-nsomi. Ngombala wezigqoko, abakhi bamakhowe bazonquma uhlobo lwemigqa. Esikhathini samakhowe, isiliva, igolide, i-smoky, i-purple, i-poplar "amagundane" awela kumabhasikidi "abazingeli abathule". Amakepisi awo agobile kancane awavamile ukuba mkhulu kuno-10 cm ububanzi, kodwa ahlala ehlotshiswe nge-tubercle encane phakathi nendawo. Ngokuvamile zomile, kodwa ngemva kwemvula ziyanamathela isikhathi esifushane. Imilenze yemigqa ine-fibrous, ifinyelela ku-6-8 cm ubude futhi ibe ngu-2-3 cm ububanzi.

Kungcono ukubheka lawa makhowe emahlathini ama-coniferous noma axubile, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ongqimbeni lwamaqabunga nezinaliti. Ungamangali uma ubona "amagundane" eziphunzini zikaphayini - lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo yamakhowe. Bona, njengomthetho, "impande" phansi kwesiqu, kanti umndeni wamakhowe ukhula ndawonye nemilenze. Ngokuvamile la makhowe atholakala emapaki, izingadi, eduze nezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu.

Ukuphakama kwe-fruiting ngu-Agasti-Okthoba, nakuba amakhowe okuqala avela ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ngoMeyi. Nokho, “amagundane” okuqala ahluke ngandlela-thile ezihlotsheni zawo zakamuva. Izigqoko zabo zicishe zifane ngokuma kweminye imigqa, kodwa umbala ulula, ucishe ube mhlophe.

Phakathi kwezinto ezidliwayo, ngokuvamile zikhuluma ngegrey, poplar, scaly, massive, yellow, lilac-legged, kanye ne-matsutake kanye nokugwedla okukhulu.

Kunamaqembu amathathu emigqa:

• okudliwayo;
• engenakudliwa;
• anobuthi kancane.

Phela, abaqoki bamakhowe abanolwazi bayawuthanda umugqa onsomi ngenxa yephunga elimnandi lenyama yenkonyana egazingiwe. Kodwa noma kunjalo, i-May eyodwa ibizwa ngokuthi imnandi kakhulu (ngendlela, iphunga njenge-sauerkraut). Futhi umugqa kaMay, kanye nama-truffle namamorel, okungelinye lamakhowe amathathu avunwa eNgilandi. Yiqiniso, lapho abizwa ngokuthi amakhowe aseSt. AmaNtaliyane nawo aqhamuka negama lawo lemigqa kaMeyi. "Bawagcoba" ama-marts (njengoba amakhowe okuqala avela kuleli zwe ngoMashi).

I-Zelenushka, noma ukugwedla okuluhlaza, ayithandwa kakhulu - i-pulp yayo yomnqumo ayinambitheki, nakuba iphunga njengamakhukhamba amasha. Namuhla, leli khowe livame ukusetshenziselwa usawoti kanye ne-pharmacology (ukwelapha i-osteoporosis), futhi eYurophu yasendulo yayibhekwa njengenye yezimnandi kakhulu.

Imigqa enobuthi

Imigqa engamanga ingenye yamakhowe ayingozi kakhulu. Ziqukethe izinto ezibangela ubuthi obunzima. Imigqa emhlophe enobuthi amakhowe amhlophe. Ezincane azinuki neze, ezindala zixoshwa isithombo esibolile. Kodwa kukhona futhi abameleli abayingozi kakhulu bemigqa, abangakwazi ukuhlukaniswa nabadliwayo ngephunga, kodwa ngaphandle bahlukile. Isibonelo, i-brindle imbozwe ngamabala akhethekile.

Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

Imigqa inothile ngamavithamini namaminerali. Ukuphakelwa kwamakhowe kuwumthombo wethusi, manganese, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, kanye selenium. Aqukethe cishe wonke amavithamini avela eqenjini B, kanye namavithamini A, C, D no-K. I-Ryadovki ingumthombo ocebile wamaprotheni wekhwalithi ephezulu, iqukethe wonke ama-amino acid abalulekile kubantu.

Imigqa iyaziwa ukuthi inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane. Kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, zibizwa ngokuthi yikhambi lokwelapha isifo sofuba. Futhi konke ngoba lawa makhowe aqukethe izinto ezilwa namagciwane - i-fomecin ne-clitocin. Ngendlela, lezi zinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ziphumelela hhayi kuphela ekulweni namabhaktheriya ayingozi, kodwa futhi zingavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ezinomdlavuza.

Amakhowe, adume ngokuthi "amagundane", kwezokwelapha awekho nhlobo grey kanye nondescript. I-antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, izakhiwo ze-antioxidant zalo mkhiqizo zifakazelwa ngokwesayensi. Ukwakheka okuyingqayizivele kwemigqa kusiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga kashukela egazini. Amakhowe, lapho esetshenziswa njalo, aphatha i-arrhythmia, athuthukise umsebenzi wobuchopho futhi aqinise imithambo yegazi. Bayakwazi futhi ukuqeda ukukhathala okungapheli, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuvikela isimiso sezinzwa ekukhuphukeni ngokweqile. Abacwaningi baphawule umphumela omuhle wemigqa ezithweni zokugaya. Lo mkhiqizo wenza kusebenze uhlelo, ukhiphe ubuthi emzimbeni, ulawule ukusebenza kwesibindi, usihlanze ebuthi, futhi wehlise amazinga e-cholesterol. "Amagundane" awusizo ezifweni ze-spleen, izifo zesistimu ye-genitourinary, i-rheumatism, nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa.

Ngesikhathi somkhuhlane kanye nobhubhane lwe-GRVI, imigqa ingaphinde isize, isebenza emzimbeni njenge-immunomodulator kanye nomuthi wemvelo ngokumelene nama-virus namagciwane. Ngendlela, ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuphumelela kokukhishwa kwamakhowe ekulweni ne-tubercle bacillus kanye noshukela ophezulu wegazi. Ku-oncology, ukugwedla kusetshenziswa ngendlela ye-mycelium. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza webele nowomlomo wesibeletho.

Futhi imithi yendabuko isebenzisa ama-infusions namafutha okugcoba nge-rowan extract ukuze uphathe izifo zesikhumba nokuqeda imibimbi. Ama-tinctures amakhowe omisiwe awusizo ekususeni izinduna, ukucasuka kwesikhumba kanye ne-oily sheen ebusweni.

Kuyingozi nakakhulu uma udida umugqa ngentambo yentambo ensomi engadliwayo (isici sayo esihlukanisayo iveli elifana nentambo yewebhu).

Izingozi ezingenzeka

Imigqa eluhlaza noma ephekwe uhhafu ingaba yingozi emzimbeni. Athinta uhlelo lokugaya ukudla ngezindlela ezahlukene: adala ukusuka ekungagayeni kahle okuphansi kuya ebuthini obuyingozi. Njengawo wonke amakhowe, amunca kalula izibulala-zinambuzane emhlabathini kanye nama-carcinogens emoyeni. Kuqoqwe endaweni engathandeki ngokwemvelo kuyingozi emzimbeni. Ngendlela, uma amakhowe amadala, i-toxins igxila kakhulu.

Ukupheka kanjani

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa, lawa makhowe ahlukile. Angavunwa ngemva kwesithwathwa: imigqa encibilikisiwe ngemva kwesithwathwa ayilahlekelwa izici zayo zokunambitheka futhi isadliwa. Kodwa noma kunjalo, amakhowe amancane namasha ane-tastier, kanti amakhowe amadala, ukunambitheka okubabayo kuzwakala ku-pulp yawo.

“Amagundane” awadingi indlela yokuvuna ekhethekile. Afanele ukubiliswa, ukuthosa, usawoti, ukulungisa inyama egayiwe namasoso. Okuwukuphela kokuncoma: ngaphambi kokulungiselela umugqa, kusengcono ukuhlanza ifilimu esigqokweni. Amakhowe abilisiwe aba mnyama kancane futhi ashintshe umbala: uma inyama ensomi iba grey-mhlophe noma i-chestnut. Emanzini anosawoti omncane, lawa makhowe afinyelela ukulungela ngemizuzu engama-20. Kodwa ngaphambi kokupheka, kubalulekile ukuwahlanza nokuwahlanza izikhathi eziningana.

Imigqa elungile inephunga elithile. Abanye abantu bayayithanda futhi bengeza "igundane" ezitsheni ezivela kwamanye amakhowe ukuze kuthuthukiswe iphunga. Abanye abapheki, ngokuphambene nalokho, abayincomi le nhlanganisela. Kodwa konke lokhu, njengoba besho, kuyindaba yokunambitha. Kuze kube yilapho uzama ngokwakho, kunzima ukwahlulela ukuthi ubani olungile. Imigqa ebilisiwe noma ethosiwe ihambisana kahle namaqanda, inyama, imifino kanye nelayisi. I-Caviar ilungiswa kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo zalawa makhowe.

Imigqa emisha esiqandisini igcinwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-3, ​​iqhwa futhi ifakwe usawoti - kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha, yomisiwe futhi ifakwe emanzini - ngonyaka.

Iresiphi yamagundane afakwe emanzini anosawoti

Bilisa amakhowe ahlutshiwe, ususe igwebu. Ukulungele ukushintsha izimbiza, engeza izinongo (bay leaf, clove, black and allspice). Thela okuqukethwe nge-marinade abilayo eyenziwe ngamanzi, uviniga, usawoti kanye noshukela.

Ukulinywa ekhaya

Imigqa ingeyalawo makhowe okulula ukuwatshala ewodwa ekhaya. Umshini ufana nokutshalwa kwama-champignon, kodwa ngamazwi athile.

Beka izikhwama ezine-mycelium ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ezindaweni ezivikelekile elangeni eliqondile. I-Mycelium, njengomthetho, yenza u-0,2% wesisindo se-substrate. Ikhula kahle kakhulu ekushiseni okungama-degree angu-20. Kubalulekile ukuthi umhlabathi ongaphezulu uhlale unomswakama. Isivuno sokuqala sizovela esikhathini esingangenyanga. Ekuqaleni, "amagundane" azovela ngamagagasi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azoqala ukuthela izithelo njalo izinyanga ezingu-3-4.

Lawa makhowe awesabi ubusika. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla ngaphansi kuka-5 degrees Celsius, i-mycelium imbozwa ngotshani noma ungqimba olujiyile lwamaqabunga. Entwasahlobo, lapho umoya ufudumala ufike ku-+10, "i-insulation" iyasuswa.

Kodwa indawo engadini akuyona ukuphela kwendawo lapho "ungalungisa" umndeni wemigqa. Bazizwa bebahle kunoma yiliphi igumbi elinomjikelezo omuhle womoya, ukukhanya okuqhubekayo, ekushiseni kwama-degree angu-10-15.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namuhla imigqa ilahlekelwe ngokuphawulekayo ekuthandeni, iyaqhubeka nokuhlala iwusizo kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho abacwaningi befunda okwengeziwe ngala makhowe, kutholakala izici ezizuzisa kakhulu. Futhi vumela "amagundane" angaphandle abukeke engathandeki, kodwa lokhu akuthinti ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nezici zokudla okunomsoco. Hhayi-ke, akusiyo ize ukuthi abantu bake bababiza ngezimnandi kakhulu.