I-aneurysm ukuvuvukala kodonga lomthambo, ukuphuka kwawo okuholela ekuphumeni kwegazi, okuyingozi yokufa. Kungabandakanya izitho ezihlukene njengezinso, inhliziyo noma ubuchopho.

Incazelo ye-aneurysm

I-aneurysm ibonakala nge-hernia esodongeni lomthambo we-artery, okuholela ekubeni buthakathaka kokugcina. I-Aneurysms ingahlala ithule noma iqhume, ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo noma ngisho nokufa.

I-aneurysm ingenzeka emithanjeni emikhulu njengaleyo ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni nase-aorta.

I-aneurysm ingase yenzeke emithanjeni eseduze - ngokuvamile ngemuva kwedolo - nakuba ukuphuka kwalokhu kungavamile.

Izindawo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-aneurysms yilezi:

Emthanjeni ophuma enhliziyweni ngqo: i-aortic aneurysm. Kuhlanganisa i-aneurysm ye-i-thoracic aorta kanye ne-aneurysm yesisui-aorta yesisu.

Emthanjeni ohlinzeka ubuchopho: i-cerebral aneurysm, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-intracranial aneurysm.

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ze-aneurysms ezifana nalezo ezithinta umthambo we-mesenteric (ezithinta umthambo odla amathumbu) kanye nalezo ezithinta i-splenic artery futhi ezenzeka ku-spleen.

Mayelana ne-cerebral aneurysm, lokhu kwakamuva kungabangela ukuvuza noma ukuphuma kwegazi, kubangele ukopha ebuchosheni: umuntu ukhuluma ngaleso sikhathi.unhlangothi uhlobo lwe-hemorrhagic. Ngokuvamile i-aneurysm yobuchopho evela emkhunjini ophukile ivela esikhaleni phakathi kobuchopho nezicubu (ama-meninges) amboze ubuchopho. Lolu hlobo lwe-hemorrhagic stroke lubizwa ngokuthi i-subarachnoid hemorrhage. Iningi lama-aneurysm ebuchosheni, nokho, awaqhekeki. I-Brain aneurysms ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala kunasezingane futhi ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa.

Izinkinga ze-aneurysm ephukile

Akhiwa kanjani ama-aneurysms?

Ukuvuvukala komthambo wegazi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kodonga lwawo, okuvumela umfutho wegazi ukuba unwebe ngendlela engavamile udonga lwemithambo yegazi.

I-aorta aneurysm ngokuvamile ithatha isimo seqhubu elifana ncamashi nomthambo womzimba, kuyilapho i-cerebral aneurysm esikhundleni salokho iphumela ekwakhekeni kweqhubu elithatha ukuma kwesaka, ngokuvamile endaweni lapho imithambo intekenteke kakhulu.

Ama-aneurysms obuchopho aphukile ayimbangela evamile yohlobo lwe-stroke eyaziwa ngokuthi ukopha kwe-subarachnoid. Lolu hlobo lwe-stroke aluvamile kakhulu kune-ischemic stroke.

Kungani kuvela ama-aneurysms?

Akuqondakali ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani udonga lwe-arterial luba buthaka nokuthi lwenza kanjani ukudala i-aneurysm.

Nokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi kunenani lezinto eziyingozi (bona ngezansi) ezaziwa ukuthi zihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwama-aneurysms.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aneurysm yobuchopho

Uma unekhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo noma elinzima noma ezinye izimpawu okungenzeka zihlobene ne-aneurysm, uzoba nokuhlolwa noma uchungechunge lokuhlola ukuze unqume ukuthi wopha yini esikhaleni esiphakathi kobuchopho bakho nezicubu ezizungezile (i-hemorrhage subarachnoid) noma uhlobo lwe-stroke. .

Uma kwenzeka ukopha, ithimba lezimo eziphuthumayo lizonquma ukuthi i-aneurysm iyimbangela.

Uma unezimpawu ze-aneurysm yobuchopho engaqhumi - njengobuhlungu ngemuva kweso lakho, izinkinga zokubona, nokukhubazeka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso bakho - cishe uzohlolwa okufanayo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kufaka phakathi:

• I-Computerized tomography (CT). Le CT scan ivamise ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala okusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi kunokopha yini ebuchosheni.
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). I-MRI isebenzisa inkambu kazibuthe namaza omsakazo ukuze yakhe izithombe ezinemininingwane yobuchopho. Uhlola imithambo ngokuningiliziwe angakwazi ukubona indawo ye-aneurysm.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Ukopha kwe-Subarachnoid kuvame ukuholela ekubeni khona kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ku-cerebrospinal fluid (uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla). Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kunezimpawu ze-aneurysm.
• I-Cerebral angiography noma angioskinishi. Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela ujova idayi ku-catheter emthanjeni omkhulu - ngokuvamile ku-groin. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlasela kakhulu kunezinye futhi ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa lapho ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga zinganikezi ulwazi olwanele.

Ukusebenzisa izivivinyo ze-imaging ukuze kuhlolwe ama-aneurysms obuchopho angaphazamiseki ngokuvamile akunconywa ngaphandle kwalapho isiguli sinomlando womndeni nesihlobo sezinga lokuqala (umzali, ingane yakubo).

Izinkinga ze-aneurysm

Iningi labantu abaphila ne-aneurysm alihlushwa yizinkinga. Ukuphatha izici eziyingozi kubalulekile, nokho.

Izinkinga ze-aneurysm zimi kanje:

• I-venous thromboembolism: Ukuvinjelwa komthambo ngehlule legazi kungabangela ubuhlungu esithweni esinjengesisu noma ubuchopho, futhi esimweni sokugcina kungabangela isifo sohlangothi.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba kanye / noma i-lumbar: kwenzeka ngokulandela i-aorta aneurysm ethule noma ephukile.
• I-Angina pectoris : Izinhlobo ezithile ze-aneurysm zingaholela ku-angina pectoris, ubuhlungu obuhlobene nemithambo yegazi emincane ehlinzeka ngenhliziyo empofu.

Icala le-cerebral aneurysm

Lapho i-aneurysm yobuchopho iqhuma, ukopha ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa. Ukopha kungabangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho azungezile (ama-neurons). Iphinde inyuse ingcindezi ngaphakathi kugebhezi.

Uma umfutho uphakeme kakhulu, igazi nomoya-mpilo otholakala ebuchosheni ungaphazamiseka kangangokuthi uqulekile noma ngisho nokufa.

Izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngemva kokuphuka kwe-aneurysm zihlanganisa:

• Okunye ukopha. I-aneurysm ephukile ingase yophe futhi, ibangele omunye umonakalo emangqamuzaneni obuchopho.
• I-Vasospasm. Ukulandela i-aneurysm, imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ingancipha ngokuzumayo futhi okwesikhashana: lena i-vasospasm. Lokhu kungavamile kungakhawulela ukugeleza kwegazi kumangqamuzana obuchopho, kubangele i-ischemic stroke futhi kubangele ukulimala okwengeziwe kuma-neurons.
• I-Hydrocephalus. Lapho i-aneurysm ephukile ibangela ukopha esikhaleni esiphakathi kobuchopho nezicubu ezizungezile (i-subarachnoid hemorrhage), igazi lingavimba ukugeleza koketshezi (okuthiwa i-cerebrospinal fluid) ezungeze ubuchopho nomzimba. umgogodla. Lesi simo singabangela ukweqisa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal okwandisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni futhi kungalimaza izicubu: yi-hydrocephalus.
• I-Hyponatremia. I-subarachnoid hemorrhage elandela i-cerebral aneurysm ingaphazamisa ibhalansi ye-sodium egazini. Lokhu kungadala umonakalo ku-hypothalamus, indawo engaphansi kobuchopho. A amazinga e-sodium aphansi egazini (okuthiwa i-hyponatremia) kungaholela ekuvuvukeni kwama-neuron nokulimala unomphela.