Okuqukethwe
Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV
Incazelo ye-HIV (AIDS)
Le HIV ou igciwane lokuzivikela komzimba iyigciwane elenza buthaka i izivikeli mzimba futhi ingabangela izinkinga eziningi, kuhlanganise nengculaza (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), engabulala, uma ingelashwa. Kuyigciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi nangegazi, kanye nalapho ebeletha noma encelisa phakathi kukamama onegciwane kanye nengane yakhe.
NgokweWorld Health Organization, bangu-35 million abantu emhlabeni wonke abaphila ne-HIV, futhi cishe u-0,8% wabantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-49 banaleli gciwane.
Ukusabalala kwehluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe. EFrance, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezifo ezintsha ezingu-7000 kuya kwezingu-8000 unyaka ngamunye, futhi abantu abangu-30 bane-HIV bengazi. ECanada, isimo siyefana: ingxenye yesine yabantu abaphila ne-HIV abazi ukuthi banayo.
Kungani kufanele uhlolelwe i-HIV?
Okuningi I'ukutheleleka itholwa futhi yelashwe kusenesikhathi, kuba ngcono amathuba okusinda kanye nezinga lempilo elingcono. Nakuba lingekho ikhambi lokutheleleka, miningi imithi engavimba ukuphindaphindeka kwesifo. igciwane emzimbeni futhi uvimbele ukuqala kwesiteji AIDS.
Ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi abantu abadala bonke bahlolelwe i-HIV njalo. Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa noma ngasiphi isikhathi ngokuzithandela. Izikhungo eziningi nezinhlangano zikunikeza mahhala (izikhungo zokuhlola ezingaziwa futhi zamahhala noma ama-CDAG e-France, noma yimuphi udokotela noma ekhaya, njll.).
Ingacelwa ikakhulukazi:
- ngemuva kocansi olungavikelekile noma uma ikhondomu igqashuka
- kumbhangqwana ozinzile, ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ikhondomu
- uma kwenzeka isifiso sengane noma ukukhulelwa okuqinisekisiwe
- ngemva kokwabelana ngesirinji
- ngemva kwengozi yomsebenzi yokuchayeka egazini
- uma unezimpawu eziphakamisa ukutheleleka nge-HIV noma ukuxilongwa kwesinye isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (isibonelo i-hepatitis C)
EFrance, i-Haute Autorité de Santé incoma ukuthi odokotela banikeze isivivinyo sokuhlola kubo bonke abantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengama-70 lapho besebenzisa uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ngaphandle kokuthatha ingozi ekhonjiwe. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuhlolwa akuvamile ukunikezwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kufanele kube minyaka yonke noma okuvamile kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola leli gciwane, okungukuthi:
- amadoda alala namadoda
- abantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile abaye baba nabalingani bocansi abangaphezu koyedwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule
- inani labantu beminyango yaseFrance yaseMelika (Antilles, Guyana).
- abajova abasebenzisa izidakamizwa
- abantu abavela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-sub-Saharan Africa kanye ne-Caribbean
- abantu abadayisa ngomzimba
- abantu abathandana nabo ocansini abatheleleke nge-HIV
Kubuye kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokubonisana kwe-1 kunoma yimuphi owesifazane okhulelwe, njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo okwenziwa ngokuhlelekile.
Isexwayiso: Ngemva kokuzifaka engozini, ukuhlolwa ngeke kuthembeke amasonto ambalwa, ngoba igciwane lingase libe khona kodwa lingatholakali. Kungenzeka, lapho sekudlule isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora angu-48 kusukela ekuthatheni ingozi, ukuzuza kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukwelashwa ngemva kokuchayeka” okungavimbela ukutheleleka. Ingalethwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo lanoma yisiphi isibhedlela.
Imiphi imiphumela ongayilindela ekuhlolweni kwe-HIV?
Kukhona ukuhlolwa okuningana okutholakalayo ukuze kutholakale ukutheleleka nge-HIV:
- by ukuhlolwa kwegazi elabhorethri yezokwelapha: ukuhlolwa kusekelwe ekutholakaleni kwegazi kwamasosha omzimba alwa ne-HIV, ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-Elisa de 4e isizukulwane. Imiphumela itholakala ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3. Ukuhlolwa ukuthi akanalo yini igciwane kubonisa ukuthi umuntu akanalo igciwane uma engazange azibeke engozini emasontweni ayisi-6 edlule ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwebhentshimakhi okuthembeke kakhulu.
- by ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okusheshayo okugxile ekuxilongweni (TROD): lokhu kuhlolwa okusheshayo kunikeza umphumela ngemizuzu engama-30. Kuyashesha futhi kulula, ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngethonsi legazi kumunwe wakho, noma ngamathe. Umphumela ongemuhle awukwazi ukuchazwa uma kwenzeka ingozi ethatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3. Uma kwenzeka kuba nomphumela omuhle, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kohlobo lwe-Elisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
- par i-autotest : lezi zivivinyo ziyafana nezivivinyo ezisheshayo futhi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ekhaya
Imiphi imiphumela ongayilindela ekuhlolweni kwe-HIV?
Umuntu angathathwa njengomuntu ongatheleleki nge-HIV uma:
- ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Elisa kuba ne-negative emasontweni ayisithupha ngemva kokuthatha ingozi
- ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okusheshayo kuba negethivu ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngemva kokuthatha ingozi
Uma ukuhlolwa ku-positive, kusho ukuthi umuntu une-HIV, une-HIV.
Ukuphatha kuyobe sekunikezwa, ngokuvamile okusekelwe ephuzwini lemithi elwa negciwane lengculazi okuhloswe ngayo ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kwegciwane emzimbeni.
Funda futhi: Konke nge-HIV |