Okuqukethwe
Kanye nobuthi, kunezinhlobo eziningana zemigqa edliwayo. Yiqiniso, zingasetshenziswa ekudleni kuphela ngemva kokubilisa kokuqala. Ngokusho kwesithombe nencazelo, amakhowe okugwedla ayafana, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima kakhulu kubafundisi ukuhlukanisa amakhowe anobuthi kulawo angenabuthi. Abaqoki bamakhowe abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayelulekwa ukuba banqume lezi zipho zehlathi ukuze zikwazi ukudla ngendlela elandelayo: bheka ukuthi amakhowe okugwedla abukeka kanjani emini - uma izigqoko zawo zingenawo umthunzi, zidwetshwe ngombala obushelelezi, omhlophe, amakhowe anjalo kufanele agwenywe. . Amakhowe okugwedla adliwayo ahlala enemibala: i-lilac, onsomi, epinki, njll. Izinhlobo ezinobuthi nazo zinephunga elibi. Uma ungazi ukuthi iyini imigqa, kungcono ukungaqoqi amakhowe alolu hlobo ukuze ugweme ubuthi.
Kulesi sihloko, uzobona izithombe zemigqa edliwayo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene (ophuzi-obomvu, ompunga, onsomi, ijuba kanye ne-violet), zinikeze incazelo yazo, futhi zikutshele ukuthi zikhula kuphi.
Amakhowe agwedla aphuzi-bomvu nesithombe sakhe
Isigaba: ezidliwayo ngokombandela
Isigqoko se-Tricholomopsis rutilans (ububanzi obuyi-6-17 cm) sibomvu ngokuphuzi, esinamazenga abomvu, a-convex. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ishintsha ukuma icishe ibe isicaba. I-velvety, yomile uma uyithinta.
Umlenze wokugwedla okuphuzi-bomvu (ubude obungu-5-12 cm): ingenalutho futhi igobile, inamazenga anemicu kubo bonke ubude kanye nokujiya okuphawulekayo esisekelweni. Umbala ufana nesigqoko.
Amarekhodi: i-sinuous, ilamula elikhanyayo noma eliphuzi elicebile.
Naka isithombe somugqa ophuzi obomvu: inyama yawo inombala ofanayo nezingcwecwe. Inokunambitheka okubabayo, iphunga njengokhuni olubolile.
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Okukabili: abekho.
Uma ukhula: kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMfumfu endaweni epholile yeZwe Lethu.
Lapho ungathola khona: emahlathini e-coniferous eziphunzini ezibolile nezinkuni ezifile.
Ukudla: ikakhulukazi amakhowe amancane afakwe usawoti noma afakwe emanzini anosawoti, angaphansi kokubiliswa kokuqala.
Isicelo emithini yendabuko: akusebenzi.
Amanye amagama: i-pine honey agaric, umugqa oluhlaza, i-agaric ye-honey agaric ephuzi-bomvu, i-agaric ye-honey agaric ephuzi, ebomvu ye-honey agaric.
Umugqa ompunga odliwayo: isithombe nencazelo (i-Tricholoma portentosum)
Isigaba: ezidliwayo.
Isigqoko (ububanzi obungu-3-13 cm): ngokuvamile ibe mpunga, akuvamile ukuba ne-purple noma i-olive tint, iqine kakhulu phakathi nendawo, ene-tubercle echazwe ngokucacile. I-Convex noma i-conical, iguqa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kumakhowe amadala iphenduka. Imiphetho ngokuvamile ayilingani futhi i-wavy noma imbozwe imifantu, igobe ngaphakathi. Esimeni sezulu esimanzi, eshelelayo, ngokuvamile anezinhlayiya zomhlaba noma utshani obunamathele kukho.
Umlenze (ubude 4,5-16 cm): emhlophe noma ephuzi, ngokuvamile eyimpuphu. Kuqiniswe esisekelweni, eqhubekayo futhi ene-fibrous, engenalutho kumakhowe amadala.
Amarekhodi: i-sinuous, emhlophe noma ephuzi.
I-Pulp: aminyene futhi ane-fibrous, umbala ofanayo namapuleti. Ayinalo iphunga elibikiwe.
Isithombe kanye nencazelo yomugqa ompunga odliwayo ufana nezinhlobonhlobo ezinobuthi zamakhowe, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqaphela lapho ukha amakhowe.
Okukabili: ukugwedla komhlaba (i-Tricholoma terreum), encane futhi enezikali ezincane kukepisi. Umugqa wensipho (Tricholoma saponaceum) kulula ukuwuhlukanisa ngephunga lensipho yokuwasha endaweni esikiwe. Umugqa ocijile onoshevu (i-Tricholoma virgatum) unokunambitheka okushisayo, kukhona i-tubercle ebukhali empunga esigqokweni esimhlophe ngomlotha. Futhi umugqa uhlukile (i-Tricholoma sejunctum), eyingxenye yeqembu elidliwayo elinemibandela, inephunga elibi kakhulu kanye ne-tint eluhlaza yomlenze.
Uma ukhula: kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-August kuya phakathi no-November emazweni apholile aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Ukudla: i-mushroom inambitheka nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, kuphela kufanele uqale ususe isikhumba bese uyihlanza kahle. Ngemuva kokupheka, umbala we-pulp uvame ukumnyama. Amakhowe weminyaka ehlukahlukene afaneleka ngezinhloso zokupheka.
Sebenzisa emithini yendabuko (idatha ayiqinisekisiwe futhi ayizange ihlolwe ngokomtholampilo!): ngendlela ye-tincture. Inezakhiwo zama-antibiotic.
Ngingayithola kuphi: emhlabathini oyisihlabathi we-coniferous noma oxubile
Amanye amagama: ukugwedla kuchanyuselwa, podsosnovnik, podzelenka.
Umugqa wekhowe onsomi: isithombe nencazelo
Isigaba: ezidliwayo ngokombandela.
Umugqa we-Violet mushroom cap (Lepista nuda) (ububanzi obungu-5-22 cm): i-violet enamazinga ahlukahlukene wokuqina, iyaphela ngokuphawulekayo, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni, kumakhowe amadala iba nsundu-buffy. Inyama nenkulu. Ukuma kwe-hemisphere kancane kancane kuyashintsha ukuze iguqe, icindezeleke kakhulu noma imise okwefaneli. Imiphetho yesivalo samakhowe igobe ngokuphawulekayo ibheke ngaphakathi. Ukuze uzizwe ubushelelezi, ngaphandle kwamaqhubu noma imifantu.
Bheka isithombe somugqa onsomi: i-mushroom inesiqu esibushelelezi, esiminyene esingu-5-12 cm ukuphakama. Ngokuyisisekelo, isiqu sine-fibrous longitudinally, kumakhowe amadala singaba yize. Inomumo we-cylindrical, ngaphansi kwesigqoko ngokwawo kukhona ukugqoka okungenasici, futhi esisekelweni kukhona i-mycelium ensomi. Ama-tapers kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhanya ngokuphawulekayo kusukela kokunsomi ngokugqamile kuya kumpunga-lilac kanye nokunsundu ngokukhanyayo.
Amarekhodi: kumakhowe amancane, abanzi futhi amancane, ane-lilac-violet tint, agcina ephaphathekile futhi athole umbala onsundu. Ngokuphawulekayo ngemuva kwemilenze.
I-Pulp: ukukhanya okunsomi futhi kuthambile kakhulu, iphunga lifana ne-anise.
Isithombe kanye nencazelo yomugqa onsomi kufana nomugqa we-violet.
Okukabili:ukugwedla komhlaba (i-Tricholoma terreum), encane futhi enezikali ezincane kukepisi. Umugqa wensipho (Tricholoma saponaceum) kulula ukuwuhlukanisa ngephunga lensipho yokuwasha endaweni esikiwe. Umugqa ocijile onoshevu (i-Tricholoma virgatum) unokunambitheka okushisayo, kukhona i-tubercle ebukhali empunga esigqokweni esimhlophe ngomlotha. Futhi umugqa uhlukile (i-Tricholoma sejunctum), eyingxenye yeqembu elidliwayo elinemibandela, inephunga elibi kakhulu kanye ne-tint eluhlaza yomlenze.
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Uma ukhula: kusukela maphakathi no-August kuya ekuqaleni kuka-December emazweni apholile aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Ngingayithola kuphi: kudoti wamahlathi e-coniferous naxubile, ikakhulukazi eduze kwama-oki, ama-spruces noma amaphayini, ngokuvamile ezindundumeni zomquba, utshani noma i-brushwood. Yakha “imibuthano yabathakathi”.
Ukudla: ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kuthosiwe kakhulu futhi kubilisiwe, ngakho-ke ukomisa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.
Sebenzisa emithini yendabuko (idatha ayiqinisekisiwe futhi ayizange ihlolwe ngokomtholampilo!): njenge-diuretic.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba imigqa ensomi ingeyesigaba samakhowe e-saprophytic, akufanele neze idliwe iluhlaza. Ukunganaki okunjalo kungase kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zesisu.
Amanye amagama: i-titmouse, i-lepista enqunu, i-cyanosis, i-purple lepista.
Yiziphi ezinye imigqa: ijuba kanye ne-violet
Umugqa wejuba (Tricholoma columbetta) – amakhowa adliwayo.
Isigqoko (ububanzi obungu-5-12 cm): ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga, zingaba namabala aluhlaza noma aphuzi. Inyama, ngokuvamile inemiphetho enamagagasi futhi eqhekekile. Emakhowe amancane, anomumo we-hemisphere, ogcina ushintsha ube yi-prostrate ngaphezulu. Ingaphezulu linamathela kakhulu esimweni sezulu esimanzi.
Umlenze (ubude 6-11 cm, ububanzi 1-3 cm): ngokuvamile igobile, imhlophe, ingase ibe luhlaza esisekelweni.
Amarekhodi: ububanzi futhi njalo. Amakhowe amancane amhlophe, amadala anombala obomvu noma ansundu.
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni sekhowe eligwedlayo, i-pulp yalolu hlobo iminyene kakhulu, iphenduka ibe pink kancane endaweni esikiwe. Ikhipha iphunga eliwufulawa elihlukile.
Okukabili: umugqa omhlophe ongadleki (i-albhamu ye-Tricholoma) enesisekelo esinsundu sesiqu kanye nephunga elibi kakhulu.
Uma ukhula: kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-August kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba emazweni ase-Eurasia anesimo sezulu esipholile.
Ngingayithola kuphi: emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile. Ingakhula nasezindaweni ezivulekile, ikakhulukazi emadlelweni noma ezimfeni.
Ukudla: i-mushroom ilungele usawoti kanye nokuvuna. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, inyama yokugwedla iphenduka ibe bomvu, kodwa lokhu akuthinti izici zayo zokunambitha.
Isicelo emithini yendabuko: akusebenzi.
Amanye amagama: umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umugqa we-violet (Lip Irina) futhi ingeyesigaba samakhowe adliwayo.
Isigqoko (ububanzi obungu-3-14 cm): ngokuvamile mhlophe, phuzi noma nsundu. Kumakhowe amancane, inokwakheka kwe-hemisphere, egcina ishintsha ibe cishe isicaba. Imiphetho ayilingani futhi inamagagasi. Izwa bushelelezi ekuthinteni.
Umlenze womugqa we-Violet (ubude obungu-3-10 cm): ilula kancane kunekepisi, inyakaza ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu. I-Fibrous, ngezinye izikhathi enezikali ezincane.
I-Pulp: ithambile kakhulu, imhlophe noma ibomvana kancane, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okuphinyisiwe, iphunga lommbila omusha.
Okukabili: isikhulumi esibhemayo (Clitocybe nebularis), esikhulu futhi esinamaphethelo amagagasi kakhulu.
Uma ukhula: kusukela maphakathi no-August kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba emazweni apholile aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Ngingayithola kuphi: emahlathini axubile navuthuluka.
Ukudla: ngaphansi kokwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala.
Isicelo emithini yendabuko: akusebenzi.