Ukucabanga kabusha ngamadolobha impilo enhle
Meyi 9, 2008 - Ukukhetha lapho uhlala khona akuyona into encane. Lokhu kukhetha kunemiphumela empilweni yethu, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaxoxe ngezomnotho engqungqutheleni yakamuva ye-Association francophone pour le savoir (ACFAS), ebibanjelwe eQuebec City kusukela ngoMeyi 5 kuya ku-9, 2008.
I-Ecohealth ngumqondo omusha ohlanganisa izingongolo ezimbili: imvelo nempilo. Kwezingcweti eziningi, ukuklama idolobha namaphethelo ngokusho kwempilo yezakhamuzi zakhona nezemvelo. Baphinde bagxila ezintweni ezimbili ezihlobene ngokuseduze nezomnotho: izindlela zokuhamba nendawo lapho kuhlala khona umuntu.
"Ukuhamba kuyanda ngokushesha kunabantu," kugcizelela uLouis Drouin, udokotela onguchwepheshe wezempilo yomphakathi futhi obhekele imvelo yasemadolobheni kanye nomkhakha wezempilo e-Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal. "Sekube khona ezinye izimoto ezingama-40 ngonyaka endaweni yedolobha kule minyaka emihlanu eyedlule," uyanezela, ekhumbula ngendlela efanayo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithuthi zomphakathi kwehle ngo-000% kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-1987.
Imiphumela eqondile kwezempilo
Ezempilo Lo mqondo omusha ubheka ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo yezinto eziphilayo ngakolunye uhlangothi, nezinhlelo zezenhlalo ezihlelwe ngokwezinkolelo, izindlela zokuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nezinqumo zezombusazwe ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuchaza uMarie Pierre Chevier, isazi semvelaphi yabantu. eNyuvesi yaseMontreal. Njengesimo semvelo okuyingxenye yaso imbali noma isilwane, abantu bayasebenzisana nemvelo yabo. Endabeni yakhe, idolobha, i-ecosystem "eyakhiwe", ingena esikhundleni semvelo. |
“Ukwanda kwezimoto emgwaqeni kwandisa izingozi zomgwaqo kanye nezifo zokuphefumula ngenxa yokungcola komoya. Ukuhamba ngezimoto kunciphisa ukuhamba okusebenzayo, nemiphumela yokukhuluphala. Zandisa amagesi abamba ukushisa nomsindo, ”kusho uLouis Drouin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo seziqhingi ezishisayo - izindawo ezisemadolobheni lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme kunakwenye indawo ehlobo - sithuthukiswa ngenkathi indawo yezindawo ezinamahlathi yehle ngo-18%, kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2005, esifundeni saseMontreal. Futhi izindawo ezinamahlathi seziyindawo yokupaka izimoto, imigwaqo nezindawo zokuthenga, uyakhala.
Elahla indinganiso engabuzwa kangako yentuthuko yezimoto ezisemadolobheni eminyakeni engama-50 edlule, uLouis Drouin ufuna kumiswe umthetho wokuHlelwa nokuThuthukiswa koMhlaba. Ukuze kwehliswe inani lezimoto ezisemgwaqeni, kudinga ukwakhiwa kwezithuthi zomphakathi “ezifika ngesikhathi, eziphephile, ezifinyelelekayo, ezisheshayo, ezinemizila ebekiwe njengaseParis naseStrasbourg. "
"Sekuyisikhathi sokwenza kabusha izindawo ukuze bathole izindawo ezithandwayo lapho uhamba ibanga lokuhamba," kusho uLouis Drouin. Usikisela ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuthi ingqalasizinda eguga kuzofanele ivuselelwe, ukucabanga kabusha idolobha namaphethelo.
Isifunda saseBois-Francs: imiphumela edumazayo
Impumelelo yendawo eminyene ekhuthaza ukuhamba okusebenzayo (ukuhamba ngebhayisikili nokuhamba ngezinyawo) nezithuthi zomphakathi akuyona into elula kangako, kubika umklami wezakhiwo uCarole Després, uprofesa waseLaval University futhi ongumsunguli we-Interdisciplinary Research Group emaphethelweni edolobha. Isifunda saseBois-Francs, esigodini saseMontreal eSaint-Laurent, esakhiwe ngokwemithetho emisha yokuhlelwa kwedolobha, siyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Izakhamizi zayo eziyi-6 zijabulela ukufinyelela kalula emzileni webhayisikili, imetro, isitimela sabagibeli namabhasi. Ipaki enkulu ithatha i-000% yendawo yesifunda, ubukhulu bayo okuyizindawo zokuhlala ezingama-20 ehektheleni ngalinye.
Noma lesi sifunda saziwa yinhlangano yaseMelika iCongress for the New Urbanism, imiphumela yocwaningo lwakamuva1 enziwe ngumcwaningi ovela ku-National Institute for Scientific Research (INRS) ayinangqondo, kuvuma uCarole Després. “Besingathanda ukusho ukuthi abahlali besifunda saseBois-Francs bahamba kakhulu nokuthi bathatha imoto ingaphansi kwaleyo yesifunda sonke, kodwa kuphambene. Okubi kakhulu kepha, bashaya ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto okuphakathi kwezindawo ezisemadolobheni ngezokungcebeleka nemfundo.
Ungayichaza kanjani le miphumela? Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi, uzibeka engcupheni. “Mhlawumbe sinengane ebhaliswe ohlelweni lokufundela ezemidlalo ogwini nokuthi sinomzali ogulayo okufanele simnakekele, noma sisanda kushintsha imisebenzi engasekho kude… Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani abantu manje abahlali ezingeni lomakhelwane, kodwa esikalini sedolobha elikhulu. “Imiqondo yokuhlelwa kwedolobha elisha, ngokusho kwakhe,” isuselwa ohlotsheni lwesifiso sendawo yangakudala lapho wawuhamba khona uye esikoleni. Ukuziphatha kwabantu namuhla kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. "
Akungcono emadolobheni
Ukuguqulwa kwamadolobha kuyadingeka ukuze kube nempilo engcono, ngokusho komhleli wedolobha uGérard Beaudet, umqondisi we-Urbanism Institute yase-University of Montreal. “Abangaphezu kwesigamu baseMelika namuhla bahlala emaphethelweni edolobha,” kubika yena. Kodwa-ke, ungomunye wemiphakathi emazweni athuthukile oletha izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu zezempilo. Ngakho-ke, siyabona ukuthi amadolobha kwakungeyona leyo khambi lezimangaliso lapho wonke umuntu akholelwa isikhathi eside ”. Sifuna izixazululo hhayi kuphela ezingeni lempilo nezinkinga zokuhamba kwabantu, kepha nezempilo, kuqhubeka uGérard Beaudet. “Izinkomba eziningi zikhombisa ukuthi, ngenkathi ukuhlala endaweni empofu kungeyona inzuzo, ukuhlala ezindaweni ezicebile akusona isisombululo sangempela,” usho kanje.
UMélanie Robitaille - PasseportSanté.net
1. IBarbonne Rémy, i-urbanism entsha, i-gentrification nokunyakaza kwansuku zonke: izifundo esizifunde esifundeni saseBois-Francs nasePlateau Mont-Royal, I-Metropolization ibonwe ngaphakathi, ehlelwe nguSenecal G. & Behrer L. Ukushicilelwa okuzoshicilelwa yi-Presses de l'Université du Québec.