Ukuthena izihlahla zama-apula ezindala

Isitshalo ngasinye sinesikhathi saso sokuphila. Ngakho izihlahla zakho zama-apula sezigugile, isivuno sinciphile, ama-apula abe mancane. Ngakho-ke, yisikhathi sokuzivuselela. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwenza lokhu ngokusika.

Ukuthenwa kwezihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, ngaphandle kwalokho ungamane ucekele phansi isihlahla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, icala ngalinye lizoba nezici zalo, ngakho-ke inqubo kufanele isondele ngokudala. Kodwa kunemithetho okumele ihlale ilandelwa.

Amaphethini okuthena ayisisekelo

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthena intwasahlobo, okungukuthi ngoNdasa. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ligxiliwe ezinkuni, ngakho-ke isihlahla sizobekezelela ukuthenwa kancane kabuhlungu. Ezinye izigaba zokuthena zingenziwa, futhi ezifiselekayo, zenziwe ekwindla.

• Ukuthena kwenziwa njalo ngezigaba. Uma usika wonke umqhele ngesikhathi esisodwa, isihlahla singase singasindi.
• Njalo qala ukuthena kusukela engxenyeni yomqhele obheke eningizimu.
• Ezihlahleni ezinde zama-apula, amahlumela ayafushaniswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngengxenye yesithathu.

  

• Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthena amagatsha akha uhlaka lwamathambo esihlahla, lokhu kuyisilinganiso esidlulele, kwenza buthaka kakhulu isihlahla sama-apula.
• Susa amahlumela ayeke ukukhula. Konke ukusikeka kwenziwa nge-engeli engu-45 degree.
• Lapho ususa amagatsha amakhulu, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphandle kokulimala esihlahleni, awukwazi ukususa okungaphezu kwama-2 awo ngokuqina okungaba ngu-10 cm.
• Wonke amagatsha mancane kunepensela, futhi aminyene ngobubanzi obufika ku-4 cm, asikwa ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwezinso. Izingcezu zikhula kahle kakhulu uma ubukhulu behlumela bungeqi ku-2 cm.

• Sika amahlumela, uwadlulisele egatsheni elihlangothini ukuze ukukhula kwawo kume mpo.

  

• Kuyadingeka ukususa wonke amafindo neziphunzi.
• Ukuzithoba kufanele kuqashelwe: amagatsha aphansi akufanele abe ngaphezu kwamahlumela angaphezulu ukuphakama, ashiye ngemuva kwawo kule nkomba cishe ingxenye yesithathu.
• Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuthenwa, izimpande zesihlahla se-apula ziyavuselelwa.
• Ukuhlanza ukusikeka ngommese nokugcoba i-pitch yasengadini esekwe ngamafutha kapharafini kuwumcimbi oyimpoqo ngemva kokusikwa. Uma ukusika kukhulu kuno-5 cm ububanzi, kuhlanganiswe nefilimu yepulasitiki emnyama, elungisiwe. Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ifilimu kufanele isuswe.
• Ngemva kokuthena, kuphela eziqine kakhulu ezikhulela ngaphandle ezisala emahlumela aphezulu avele esihlahleni se-apula, zigcina ibanga elingama-50 kuya ku-70 cm phakathi kwazo. Amahlumela asele kufanele asuswe ngokushesha lapho ekhula ngo-10 cm ubude. Amahlumela asuswa isizini yonke.

Esithombeni, imicibisholo ephuzi ibonisa iziqongo eziphuma emagatsheni amathambo - imicibisholo ebomvu-ephuzi.

Uma isihlahla sasinakekelwa njalo futhi sithweswe umqhele, ukuthena kabusha kuzoba lula kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho ingadi ishiywe inganakiwe, izihlahla zama-apula zishaywa indiva kangangokuthi kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka engu-10 ukuze zilethwe ngendlela efanele.

Sizolalela izincomo zabalimi abanolwazi futhi sithene izihlahla zama-apula ezindala ezinganakiwe ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho.

Yini engenziwa ekwindla: uhlelo

Ukuqala - ukuthenwa kwe-sanitary:

• Amagatsha anezimpawu zesifo, kanye nafile, anomonakalo, ayasuswa. Ukuthena kwenziwa ngendandatho. Emagatsheni esihlahla sama-apula, indandatho iyingxenye yamagxolo eshwabene endaweni yawo. Alikaze lisikwe. Ukusikwa kuhlale kwenziwa kancane kancane.

  

• Nciphisa umqhele, okuthi, okokuqala, amagatsha agulayo nasontekile asuswe.
• Amagatsha akha i-engeli encane nge-trunk ayanqunywa.
• Sika wonke amagatsha aphithene, kanye nalawo axhumene.
• Bushelelezi ngokucophelela konke ukusikeka. Baphathwa nge-pitch yasengadini.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokwakheka kwekwindla kwesihlahla se-apula esidala, bheka ividiyo:

Okufanele ukwenze nge-apula endala entwasahlobo: umdwebo

Ukwakheka kwentwasahlobo kwezihlahla zama-apula kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avuvuke. Amagatsha angaphezu kwezinso afinyeziwe, ukusika kwenziwa i-oblique, uhlangothi olungaphezulu lusezingeni elifanayo nezinso. Ukuze ukwakheka komqhele okufanele, amagatsha aphezulu kufanele abe mfushane kunalawo aphansi naphakathi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, entwasahlobo, lawo mahlumela afriziwe ayasuswa.

Ubude bamahlumela asele buncike emandleni okukhula kwesihlahla:

• ku-undersized and dwarfs, kuphela phezulu kwehlumela okudingeka kususwe;
• ezihlahleni zama-apula zamandla aphakathi, amahlumela afushaniswa yingxenye yesithathu;
• ezihlahleni zama-apula ezinamandla - isigamu.

  

Zonke izigaba ziphathwa ngendlela efanayo nasekwindla.

Yonke imininingwane yokuthena nokubumba izihlahla zama-apula ezindala entwasahlobo kuvidiyo:

Izici zokuvuselela ngezigaba

Isigaba sokuqala sokuvuselelwa kwesihlahla se-apula esidala siqala engxenyeni eseningizimu yomqhele. Ngemuva kokuthena, ingxenye esele yomqhele kufanele ibe nobude obungeqile ku-3 m, futhi ubude bamagatsha akufanele budlule ama-2 m.

Phakathi nale ngxenye yokuthena, indawo esenyakatho yomqhele ihlala ingashintshiwe, futhi i-fruiting eyinhloko izokwenzeka kuyo. Amagatsha ohlaka lwamathambo awathenwa ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethekile, kodwa amagatsha angama-semi-keletal awo wonke ama-branching orders ayasuswa noma afinyezwe njengoba kudingeka esimweni ngasinye. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-4, ingxenye enwetshiwe yomqhele iqala ukuthela izithelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala ukuvuselela ingxenye esenyakatho yomqhele wesihlahla, bewuqhuba ngendlela efanayo.

Ukuthenwa ngokwedlulele kwesihlahla sama-apula esidala

Ngokukhula, ezihlahleni ezinde zama-apula, i-fruiting igxile endaweni ezungezile yomqhele. Kunzima kakhulu ukuvuna ezihlahleni zama-apula ezinjalo. Kulokhu, ungazama ukwenza izihlahla ngokwedlulele kwesihlahla. Ngaphambi kokusiqala, siyaqinisekisa ukuthi isiqu somuthi sisesimweni esihle, asiwonakali futhi asinazo izimbobo noma iminonjana yezifo. Ukuthena kwenziwa ngaphezu kwehlumela lokukhula ukuze ungavezi ngokuphelele umqhele, wehlise ukuphakama kwawo kube ngu-2 m. Isihlahla sakha inqwaba yamahlumela amasha, okuyobe sekwenzeka khona ukuthela. Kungenzeka ukwakha isihlahla ngenye indlela, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagatsha amakhulu amathambo kancane kancane afinyezwa ngesigamu futhi adluliselwe ekukhuleni kwe-lateral.

Udinga ukuyisusa ekwindla ukuze isihlahla sikwazi ukulungiselela ubusika. Uma wenza ukuthena okunjalo ekwindla, kunamathuba amaningi okuqandisa amahlumela.

Ukuvuselelwa kwesistimu yezimpande

Iqalwa eminyakeni emi-4 ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwengxenye eseningizimu yomqhele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingxenye esenyakatho ivuselelwa kabusha. Ehlangothini lapho umqhele wasikwa khona, bahlehla esiqwini se-apula cishe amamitha amathathu, bemba umsele, ububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-3 futhi ujule, futhi ubude bawo kufanele buhambisane nengxenye enqunyiwe yomqhele. Ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi olunokujula kwe-bayonet yefosholo kufanele lugoqwe ngokuhlukana. Izimpande ezingenalutho zisikwa ngefosholo elibukhali, ezinkulu zisikwa ngesaha engadini noma ziqoshwe ngembazo.

Umsele ombiwe kufanele ugcwaliswe ngengxube ye-humus nomhlabathi ovundile ubeke eceleni. Izilinganiso: eyodwa kuya kokukodwa. Umlotha wezinkuni kumele wengezwe kule ngxube, kanye nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi ingxenye enkulu yakhiwe ubumba, iyaxegiswa ngokufaka isihlabathi esimahhadla esihlanganiswe namatshe amancane. Emhlabathini oyisihlabathi okhanyayo, ingxube ye-peat nobumba kufanele yengezwe emseleni. Uma kungenzeka, engeza umquba, oneminyundu eminingi.

Ukulungisa umonakalo odalwe esihlahleni ngokuthenwa kanzima kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula ngokushesha kwamahlumela amasha, kufanele sinakekelwe kahle.

Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla ngemva kokuthenwa okunqanda ukuguga

Uma isihlahla sama-apula esidala sivuselelwe ngokuthenwa, isiyingi saso esiseduze nesiqu sidinga ukuvundiswa. Inani likamanyolo osetshenzisiwe lincike ekutheni umhlabathi unikezwa kanjani umsoco. Uma isibambiso esinjalo siyisilinganiso, okulandelayo kuyakhokhelwa imitha yesikwele ngayinye:

• kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-8 kg wezinto eziphilayo;
• cishe 20 g we-urea;
• kusuka ku-16 kuya ku-19 g we-potassium chloride;
• 13 g superphosphate.

Kufika ku-250 g ngemitha yesikwele ngayinye yokhuni lomlotha kuwumthombo omuhle kakhulu we-potassium, i-phosphorus kanye nezakhi zokulandelela. Vundisa izihlahla zama-apula ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ukuvala umquba, inhlabathi iyathukululwa ngemfoloko noma imbiwe ngefosholo, kodwa hhayi ukujula kuka-15 cm. Ngemuva kokuthi iqhwa liyancibilika, umbuthano we-trunk uyakhululwa ukuze umswakama ungalahleki.

Esihlahleni esineminyaka engaba ngu-30, kuzodingeka imithombo engaba ngu-20. Bambiwa ekujuleni okungama-55-60 cm. Umanyolo kufanele ufakwe emithonjeni enjalo esimweni esincibilikile. Inani likamanyolo lihlala lifana nelokumba. Uma kunqunywa ukuvundisa ama-grooves, khona-ke ahlelwa kancane kunomngcele wangaphandle womqhele. Ubude bekhefu buyi-40 cm, ububanzi bungaba ngu-50. Ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu, kufanele zimbozwe ngomhlaba. Ngonyaka olandelayo, isihlahla sondliwa nhlangothi zonke. Ukuphakelwa kwehlobo kwesihlahla sama-apula ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kuyadingeka. Uma isihlahla sizonikeza isivuno esikhulu, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar kuzoba usizo kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo se-1% sokuhlushwa kwe-urea: i-10 g yomanyolo ihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-100 amanzi. Yenza ukugqoka okuphezulu okunjalo phakathi nehlobo ukuze isihlahla sibeke inani elanele lezimbali zonyaka olandelayo.

Amathiphu kubalimi abangenalwazi

Ukuze uhlukanise amagatsha athela izithelo futhi ungawasusi lapho uthenwa, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi i-fruiting yenzeka kulezi zitho ezilandelayo zemifino:

• ama-ringlets - izinqubo ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-5 cm ezinezibazi zendandatho ku-cortex kanye ne-apical bud;
• imikhonto efinyelela ku-15 cm ubude, etholakala nge-engeli engama-degree angama-90 egatsheni, futhi ivame ukuhlala ama-buds nama-spikes amancane;
• amagatsha ezithelo - amagatsha anobude obukhulu kakhulu, angaba aqondile noma agobile.

Izithelo ezicebile kakhulu ngama-ringlets.

Kulabo abasanda kuqala engadini futhi abangenalo ulwazi olwanele oluhlobene nokuthena, amathiphu alandelayo azosiza:

• Ukuthena, basebenzisa ithuluzi lensimu elikhethekile: amasaha engadini, ama-pole pruners. Amathuluzi kufanele abe bukhali futhi angabi nokugqwala.
• Akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-disinfection kwethuluzi, ngaphandle kwalokho ungathelela umuthi ngamagciwane. Kwenziwa nge-antiseptic ekhethekile noma utshwala bezokwelapha, okungcono ngemuva kokusikwa ngakunye, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuqhubeka nokuthena umuthi olandelayo.
• Khumbula ukwelapha ukusikeka kwezinkuni ngokushesha ngemva kokusikwa nokuhlubula ukuze kungapheli.

Ukuthena izihlahla ze-apula ezindala kuyinqubo ende edinga umsebenzi omningi nomzamo, kodwa kuzosiza ukunweba ukuthela okusebenzayo kwesihlahla okungenani iminyaka engu-15.