Okuqukethwe
I-Flammulaster šipovatyj (Flammulaster muricatus)
- Isigaba: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu: I-Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Ikilasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Isigaba esingaphansi: I-Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- I-oda: I-Agaricales (i-Agaric noma i-Lamellar)
- Umndeni: Inocybaceae (Fibrous)
- I-Flammulaster (i-Flammulaster)
- Uhlobo: I-Flammulaster muricatus (Flammulaster šipovatyj)
:
- I-Flammulaster ihlanzekile
- Agaricus muricatus Fr.
- Pholiota muricata (Fr.) P. Kumm.
- Dryophila muricata (Fr.) Quel.
- Naucoria muricata (Fr.) Kuehner & Romagn.
- U-Phaemarasmius muricatus (Fr.) Umculi
- U-Flocculina muricata (Fr.) PD Orton
- I-Flammulaster denticulatus PD Orton
Igama eligcwele lesayensi: Flammulaster muricatus (Fr.) Watling, 1967
umlando we-taxonomic:
Ngo-1818, isazi sezinganekwane saseSweden u-Elias Magnus Fries sachaza lesi sikhunta ngokwesayensi, sasinika igama elithi Agaricus muricatus. Kamuva, i-Scotsman Roy Watling yadlulisela lolu hlobo kuhlobo lwe-Flammulaster ngo-1967, ngemva kwalokho yathola igama layo lamanje lesayensi elithi Flammulaster muricatus.
ikhanda: 4 - 20 mm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ingafinyelela amasentimitha amathathu. Ekuqaleni i-hemispherical enonqenqema olugobile kanye neveli elizwakalayo ngaphansi kwamapuleti. Njengoba umzimba othela izithelo ukhula, uba yi-convex-prostrate ne-tubercle encane, e-conical. Okubomvu-nsundu, onsundu, esimweni sezulu esomile ocher-brown, onsundu ngokukhanyayo, kamuva ne-tint egqwalile. Nge-matte engalingani, indawo ethintekile, embozwe ngezikali eziminyene, eziqondile, ezinama-warty. Unqenqema lunomphetho. Umbala wezikali ufana nobuso be-cap, noma mnyama.
Izikali ezilenga onqenqemeni zihlanganiswe zibe imisebe engunxantathu, okwenza umphumela wenkanyezi enezinsimbi eziningi.
i-cap pulp izacile, intekenteke, nsundu ngokuphuzi.
Leg: 3-4 cm ubude no-0,3-0,5 cm ububanzi, i-cylindrical, ingenalutho, inwetshwe kancane esisekelweni, ngokuvamile igobile. Iningi lomlenze limbozwe amazenga asawolintshi-nsundu, anamazenga. Iphansi limnyama. Engxenyeni engenhla ye-stem, ezimweni eziningi, kune-annular zone, ngaphezu kwalokho ubuso bushelelezi, ngaphandle kwezikali.
I-Pulp emlenzeni i-fibrous, i-brownish.
amarekhodi: i-adnate ngezinyo, imvamisa emaphakathi, enonqenqema oluphuzi oluphuzi olunama-matte, olunamapuleti amaningi. Amakhowe amancane anombala we-ocher okhanyayo, aphenduka abe nsundu ngokukhula, kwesinye isikhathi abe ne-olive tint, kamuva abe namabala agqwalile.
iphunga: kweminye imithombo kukhona iphunga elibi kakhulu le-pelargonium (igumbi le-geranium). Eminye imithombo iveza iphunga njengeliyivelakancane.
Taste hhayi okuvezayo, kungaba baba.
I-Microscopy:
Izinhlamvu: 5,8-7,0 × 3,4-4,3 µm; Qm = 1,6. Udonga oluwugqinsi, oluyi-ellipsoidal noma oluyiqanda kancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi luba isicaba kancane ohlangothini olulodwa, olubushelelezi, oluphuzi ngotshani, olunembotshana ehlumayo ebonakalayo.
I-Basidia: 17–32 × 7–10 µm, imfushane, emise okweklabhu. I-Four-spored, akuvamile ukuthi inamacala amabili.
Ama-Cystids: 30–70 × 4–9 µm, ayisilinda, aqondile noma ane-sinuous, angenambala noma anokuqukethwe okuphuzi ngokunsundu.
I-Pileipellis: iqukethe izinto eziyindilinga, ezitshekile ezimise okwepheya ezingama-microns angama-35 - 50, ezinokufakwa okunsundu.
i-spore powder: nsundu ogqwalile.
I-Spiny Flammulaster iyisikhunta se-saprotrophic. Ikhula iyodwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane okhunini oluqinile olubolayo: i-beech, i-birch, i-alder, i-aspen. Ingatholakala nakumagxolo, sawdust, ngisho naseziqwini eziphilayo ezibuthakathaka.
Amahlathi avuthulukayo anomthunzi anezinkuni eziningi ezifile ayizindawo zawo ezizithandayo.
Izithelo kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba (ngokuvamile ngoJulayi nasengxenyeni yesibili ka-August).
Ikhowe elingavamile.
I-Flammulaster muricatus ingatholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi elimaphakathi neseningizimu yeYurophu, kanye naseningizimu yeBrithani ne-Ireland. ENtshonalanga yeSiberia kuqoshwe ezindaweni zaseTomsk naseNovosibirsk naseKhanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Akuvamile kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Okutholakele kubikwe eHocking Forest Reserve, e-Ohio, eCalifornia naseningizimu ye-Alaska.
Futhi kukhona okutholakala eMpumalanga Afrika (Kenya).
Ifakwe ohlwini Olubomvu lwama-macromycetes: i-Czech Republic esigabeni EN - izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala kanye neSwitzerland esigabeni VU - ezisengozini.
Akwaziwa. Ayikho idatha ye-toxicological ebikwe ezincwadini zesayensi.
Kodwa-ke, i-mushroom ayivamile kakhulu futhi incane ukuba ibe nesithakazelo sokupheka. Kungcono ukukubheka njengokungadli.
I-Flammulaster beveled (Flammulaster limulatus)
Lesi sikhunta esincane singatholakala emahlathini anomthunzi okhunini oluqinile olubolile, okwenza lufane neFlammulaster muricatus. Ziyafana nangosayizi. Futhi, zombili zimbozwe ngezikali. Kodwa-ke, izikali ze-Flammulaster spiny zikhulu ngokuphawulekayo futhi zimnyama. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuba khona komphetho emaphethelweni ekepisi ye-Spiky Flammulaster, kuyilapho i-Slanted Flammulaster ikwenza ngaphandle kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Flammulaster limulatus ayinuki noma i-geranium noma i-radish, engabhekwa njengenye umehluko phakathi kwalawa makhowe amabili afanayo.
I-flake evamile (i-Pholiota squarrosa)
Ngaphandle, i-Flammulaster i-prickly, isencane ingathathwa ngephutha ne-scaly encane. Igama eliyinhloko lapha lithi “lincane”, futhi umehluko lowo. Nakuba ngaphandle afana kakhulu, i-Pholiota squarrosa amakhowe anemizimba emikhulu ethela izithelo, ngisho namancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhula ngamaqoqo, kanti i-Flammulaster iyikhowe elilodwa.
Phaemarasmius erinaceus (Phaemarasmius erinaceus)
Lesi sikhunta siyi-saprotroph eziqwini ezifile, ikakhulukazi iminyezane. Uma kuchazwa i-Theomarasmius, ama-macrofeatures afanayo asetshenziswa njenge-Flammulaster prickly: i-cap ye-semicircular ebomvu ngokubomvu embozwe ngezikali ezinomkhawulo ophethwe, i-scaly stalk ene-annular zone ngaphezulu ebushelelezi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunzima ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo.
Nokho, uma ubhekisisa, uyawubona umehluko. Okokuqala nje, i-Phaemarasmius erinaceus iyisikhunta esincane kune-Flammulaster muricatus. Ngokuvamile asikho ngaphezu kwesentimitha. Izikali esiqwini zincane, zizwakala, futhi azinampintshi, njengaseFlammulaster. Iphinde ihlukaniseke ngokuminyene kwe-rubbery pulp kanye nokuntuleka kwephunga nokunambitha.
Isithombe: Sergey.