• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uwuhlobo lomdlavuza osethubeni eliphansi lokululama. Nokho, kunezindlela eziningana zokuyivimbela.
• Kungakhathaliseki ubudala nemikhuba yokubhema, ayeke ukubhema kunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nenqwaba yezinye izifo².
• Eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu yehla ngesigamu. Eminyakeni engu-10 kuya kwengu-15 ngemva kokuyeka, ingozi icishe ifane neyabantu abangakaze babheme².

Isilinganiso sokuvimbela esiyinhloko

Ngokungangabazeki, indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela iwukuba ungaqalisi ukubhema noma ukuyeka ukubhema. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nakho kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ezinye izindlela

Gwema ugwayi kagwayi.

Gwema ukuchayeka ezintweni ezidala umdlavuza emsebenzini. Qaphela izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqondene nomkhiqizo ngamunye futhi ungalethi izingubo zakho zomsebenzi ekhaya.

Yidla ukudla okunempilo, okuhlanganisa izithelo nemifino emi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 ngosuku. Umphumela wokuvimbela uyabonakala nakubantu ababhemayo^{11, 13,21,26-29}. Kubonakala sengathi abantu abasengozini kufanele banake ngokukhethekile ukufaka ekudleni kwabo izithelo nemifino icebile nge-beta-carotene (izaqathe, amabhilikosi, umango, imifino eluhlaza, ubhatata, iparsley, njll.) cruciferous (amaklabishi azo zonke izinhlobo, ama-watercress, ama-turnips, ama-radishes, njll.). Isoya ibonakala inomphumela wokuvikela⁵⁶. Ukudla okucebile kuma-phytosterols nakho⁵⁷.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olunzulu lubonisa lokho amavithamini eqembu B kungaba nomthelela ovikelayo kumdlavuza wamaphaphu^{46, I-47}. Abantu abanamazinga aphezulu kavithamini B6 (pyridoxine), uvithamini B9 (folic acid) kanye novithamini B12 (cobalamin) babesengozini encane yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuze uthole imithombo yokudla engcono kakhulu yala mavithamini, bheka uhlu lwethu lwezakhi: uvithamini B6, uvithamini B9 novithamini B12.

Gwema ukuchayeka ku-asbestos. Hlola ukuthi i-insulation iqukethe i-asbestos ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukulungisa. Uma kunjalo futhi ufuna ukuwasusa, kungcono ube nochwepheshe akwenzele. Ngaphandle kwalokho sizifaka engozini yokuziveza ngokungathí sina.

Uma kunesidingo, linganisa okuqukethwe kwe-radon emoyeni ekhaya lakho. Lokhu kungaba wusizo uma umphakathi wakho ukwenye yezindawo ezinamaleveli aphezulu e-radon. Ungahlola ileveli ye-radon ngaphakathi kwendlu usebenzisa idivayisi edizayinelwe le njongo, noma ngokushayela isevisi yangasese. Ukuhlushwa kwe-radon emoyeni wangaphandle kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-15 Bq / m³. Isilinganiso sokugxiliswa kwe-radon emoyeni wangaphakathi siyahluka kakhulu emazweni ngamazwe. E-Canada, iyashintshashintsha isuka ku-30 ​​iye ku-100 Bq/m³. Iziphathimandla zitusa ukuthi abantu bathathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ukugcwala kwe-radon uma kwenzeka idlula 800 Bq / m^336,37. Bona isigaba Samasayithi Athakaselayo ukuze uthole ukugxila kwe-radon ezindaweni ezihlukene eNyakatho Melika.

Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze kanjalo nciphisa ukuchayeka i-radon ezindlini ezisengozini enkulu³⁰ :

- ngcono umoya omncane;

- ungashiyi phansi ukungcola ezindlini ezingaphansi;

- lungisa izitezi ezindala endaweni engaphansi;

- vala imifantu kanye nezimbobo ezindongeni naphansi.

Uma une izimpawu (ukukhwehlela okungajwayelekile, ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, njll.), yisho kudokotela wakho, ozophakamisa ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwezokwelapha uma kunesidingo.

Ezinye izinhlangano zezokwelapha, njenge-American College of Chest Physicians zitusa ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu nge-Ct Scan ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengababhemayo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 yamaphakethe eminyaka yobudala engama-55 kuya kwengama-74 ubudala. Kodwa kufanele siqaphele inani eliphezulu lezifo ezingamanga, ukugula okuhambisana nophenyo kanye nokukhathazeka okubangela ezigulini. Usekelo lwesinqumo luyatholakala⁵⁵.

Esifundweni

izinzuzo recherches ziyaqhubeka ukuthola "izinkomba" zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuhlaziyaukuphefumula^39,44,45. Abacwaningi baqoqa umoya okhishwe ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile: indlela ilula futhi ayiyona into engavamile. Amanani ezinye izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo ziyalinganiswa, njengama-hydrocarbon nama-ketone. Umoya okhishwayo ungaphinda ubonise izinga lokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative elikhona emigwaqweni yomoya. Le ndlela ayikathuthukisiwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ucwaningo lokuqala olwenziwa ngo-2006 lwaphetha ngokuthi Izinja abaqeqeshiwe bakwazi ukubona umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngezinga lempumelelo elingu-99%, ngokuhogela umoya wabo³⁹.

• Uma unokungabaza ngezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu (isibonelo, ukukhwehlela kogwayi okuqhubekayo), thintana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa okwenziwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa ukusebenza kokwelashwa.
• Ukuyeka ukubhema uma wazi ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuthuthukisa ikhono lokubekezelela ukwelashwa futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali noma nge-radiotherapy zihlose ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-metastases. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumdlavuza wamangqamuzana amancane.