Okuqukethwe
Iyini i-toxemia yokukhulelwa?
Umama ozayo kuthiwa une-toxemia yokukhulelwa - noma i-pre-eclampsia, lapho enomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi wakhe u-14/9 noma ngaphezulu) futhi i-albumin itholakala emchameni wakhe. Lezi zibonakaliso cishe njalo zihambisana nokuvuvukala kobuso, izandla noma amaqakala, futhi zenzeka kusukela ngenyanga yesi-5 yokukhulelwa. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingakabonakali, i-toxemia yokukhulelwa iqala ngokushesha nje lapho i-placenta yakha. Isizathu: ukungahambi kahle kwemithambo ye-placenta ekhiqiza izinto eziyingozi emithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa i-toxemia, izinkinga zingavela ezithweni eziningana (izinso, amaphaphu, isibindi, isimiso sezinzwa) sikamama.
Ezinganeni, ukushintshana phakathi kwesibeletho ne-placenta kuyancipha futhi kungase kube nokuncipha kokukhula.
Yiziphi izimpawu ze-toxemia yokukhulelwa?
Izimpawu ezithile zingaxwayisa umama ozayo futhi zivele kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo. Ubuso bakhe, izandla noma amaqakala avuvukele, futhi ukhuluphala kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane (isibonelo, ngaphezu kwekhilogremu ngesonto). Ubuhlungu bekhanda bungase buvele, kanye nokuphazamiseka okubukwayo noma ukwanda kokuzwela ekukhanyeni. Kwesinye isikhathi ukunkenketha ezindlebeni kuyezwakala. Ehhovisi likadokotela, umfutho wegazi udlula i-14/9 futhi lapho kuhlolwa umchamo, i-albumin iboniswa ngokubonakala kwesiphambano esisodwa noma ezimbili emgqeni. Ngaphambi kwalezi zibonakaliso, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ngokuphelele umama nomntwana.
I-toxemia yokukhulelwa: obani abesifazane abasengozini?
Ziningi izici ezishiwo ukuchaza ukubukeka kwe-toxemia yokukhulelwa. Ezinye zihlobene nokugula komama njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme owaziwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Okunye kungase kuhlobane nokukhulelwa noma iminyaka. Eqinisweni, i-toxaemia maningi komama abakhulelwe kanye nalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 noma ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-18. Lesi sifo sibaluleke nakakhulu uma kuwukukhulelwa kokuqala. Abacwaningi babheka ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kwezinto ezithile ezibangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
I-toxemia yokukhulelwa: yimiphi imiphumela kumama nengane?
I-toxemia yokukhulelwa iphazamisa ukuhwebelana phakathi komama ne-fetus: ukunikezwa kwezakhi kanye nomoya-mpilo kuyancipha. Lesi simo singaholela ekukhuleni kokukhubazeka (hypotrophy) nokucindezeleka kwengane. Komama, izingozi zixhunyaniswa kuqala nokubaluleka komfutho wegazi ophakeme. Uma iphakathi futhi inakekelwa ngokushesha, imiphumela ilinganiselwe. Uma ingatholwa kusenesikhathi noma isabela kabi ekwelashweni, ingaba yinkimbinkimbi ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: i-eclampsia ne-retroplacental hematoma. I-Eclampsia ukubukeka kokudlikizela kwesinye isikhathi kube nokuphazamiseka kokwazi kumama. I-Retroplacental hematoma ukopha phakathi kwe-placenta nesibeletho. Ukopha kubangela ukuba ingxenye ye-placenta iphume odongeni lwesibeletho. I-Toxemia yokukhulelwa nayo ingaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwezinso noma kwesibindi.
I-toxemia yokukhulelwa: ukuphathwa okuqondile
Ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokuphumula okuphelele kubalulekile lapho kutholwa i-toxemia yokukhulelwa. Umfutho wegazi uyagadwa, kuhlaziywe umchamo bese kucelwa nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele. Izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive zinqunyelwe ukugwema izinkinga. Ezingeni le-fetus, ama-ultrasound nama-doppler enza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola umthelela ekukhuleni kwengane. Impilo yengane iqinisekiswa ngokuqapha. Uma i-toxemia inzima noma isanda kuqala, umama udluliselwa esibhedlela sokubeletha se-level III. Udokotela wezifo zabesifazane anganquma-ke ukuteta noma ukuhlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa. Izinkinga ze-Toxemia zizophela phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ngemva kokuzalwa.