Okuqukethwe
Usenze kangaki lesi senzo esilula? Nikeza ingane yakho ecela ukuphuzwa ingilazi yamanzi ompompi. Nokho, eminyangweni ethile, njenge-Ile-et-Vilaine, Yonne, Aude noma Deux-Sèvres, ukuhlaziya kuye kwabonisa njalo ukuthi amanzi angangcoliswa ngomuthi wokubulala ukhula, i-atrazine. Ababukeli abaningi baseFrance bathola lo mkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokusakazwa ngoFebhuwari wokugcina wombiko we-France 2, "Uphenyo Lwemali" ngezibulala-zinambuzane. Sifunda ukuthi i-atrazine nama-metabolites ayo (izinsalela zama-molecule) angakwazi, ngemithamo ephansi, ukuphazamisa imilayezo yama-hormone ezidalwa eziphilayo.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi: ubungozi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
Owokuqala ukutadisha imiphumela ye-atrazine wayengumcwaningi waseMelika, uTyrone Hayes, waseYunivesithi yaseBerkeley eCalifornia. Lesi sazi sebhayoloji sathunyelwa inkampani yaseSwitzerland i-Syngenta, edayisa i-atrazine ukuze ihlole umphumela womkhiqizo kumaxoxo. Wayethole into ephazamisayo. Ngokungenisa i-atrazine, amaxoxo wesilisa “ayenziwe ademesculinized” kanye namaxoxo ezinsikazi “ayenqanyuliwe”. Ngokusobala, ama-batrachian ayeseba ama-hermaphrodite.
EFrance, ucwaningo lwe-PÉLAGIE * lwabonisa a umthelela kubantu wokuchayeka kwe-atrazine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa emazingeni aphansi okungcoliswa kwemvelo. Namaqembu akhe avela eNyuvesi yaseRennes, udokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe uSylvaine Cordier walandela abesifazane abakhulelwe abangu-3 iminyaka engu-500, ukuze ahlole imiphumela yokuchayeka ngaphambi kokubeletha ekukhuleni kwezingane. Abesifazane abakhulelwe ababenamazinga aphezulu e-atrazine egazini labo “babenamathuba angu-6% okuba nengane enesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa kanye nengozi engu-50% eyengeziwe yokuba nengane ene-circumference ephansi yekhanda.” . Ingakhuphukela ku-70 cm in circumference ngaphansi! Lezi zifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi i-atrazine nama-metabolite ayo angase abe nemiphumela ngemithamo ephansi kakhulu. Ivinjelwe kusukela ngo-2003, i-atrazine ihlala ikhona emhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Lesi sibulala-zinambuzane besisetshenziswa kabanzi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX ezitshalweni zombila. Sekuyiminyaka, amanani amakhulu asetshenziswa: kufika kumakhilogremu amaningana ehektheleni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-molecule yomzali ye-atrazine ihlukana ibe izingcezu eziningana zama-molecule aphinde ahlangane namanye. Lezi zinsalela zibizwa ngokuthi ama-metabolites. Kodwa-ke, asibazi nhlobo ubuthi bala ma-molecule amasha adaliwe.
Ingabe amanzi angcolile edolobheni lami?
Ukuze uthole ukuthi amanzi ompompi wakho aqukethe i-atrazine noma enye yezinto eziphuma kuyo, bhekisisa isikweletu sakho saminyaka yonke samanzi. Kanye ngonyaka, ulwazi lwezinga lamanzi asabalalisiwe kumele lukhonjiswe lapho, ngesisekelo sokuhlola okwenziwa abaphathi ababhekele izindaba zezempilo. Esizeni, ungathola nolwazi lwekhwalithi yamanzi wakho ngokuchofoza kumephu esebenzisanayo. Ihholo lakho ledolobha nalo linesibopho veza imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwamanzi kamasipala wakho. Uma kungenjalo, ungacela ukubabona. Uma kungenjalo, kusizindalwazi soMnyango Wezindaba Zezenhlalakahle Nezempilo, uzothola ulwazi ngekhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza kumasipala wakho. Uma uhlala endaweni yokulima okuqinile, lapho ukutshalwa kommbila bekukhona noma kugcwele khona, kungenzeka ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcoliswe i-atrazine. Umthetho wawubeke umkhawulo, ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokuqapha, wama-microgram angu-0,1 ilitha. Kodwa-ke, ku-2010, umthetho omusha wandisa lokhu "kubekezelelana" kwamazinga e-atrazine emanzini kuya ku-value enkulu ye-60 micrograms ilitha. Okusho ukuthi, okuningi kakhulu kunevelu lapho abacwaningi bathola khona imiphumela kubantu abasengozini.
UFrançois Veillerette, umqondisi wenhlangano ethi “Générations Futures”, wazisa ngezingozi zezibulala-zinambuzane. Ululeka abakhulelwe ukuthi bangalindeli ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi yiziphathimandla ukuze yeka ukuphuza amanzi ampompi ezifundeni lapho amazinga e-atrazine edlula imingcele: “Ngokwenyuka kokubekezelelwa kwamazinga ezibulala-zinambuzane emanzini, iziphathimandla zingaqhubeka nokuzisakaza naphezu kwengozi efakazelwe yezibalo zabantu abazwelayo, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe. kanye nezingane ezincane. Ngingabacebisa laba bantu ukuthi bayeke ukuphuza amanzi ampompi. “
Yimaphi amanzi okunikeza izingane zethu?
Ezinganeni nezincane, khetha amanzi aphuma ebhodleleni lepulasitiki elibhalwe ukuthi “Afanele ukulungiselela ukudla kwezingane” (hhayi amanzi amaminerali, agcwele amaminerali kakhulu). Ngoba akuwona wonke amanzi asemabhodleleni adalwe alingana. Ezinye izingxenye zepulasitiki zingatholakala emanzini (zimakwe 3, 6 kanye no-7 ngaphakathi kophawu lomcibisholo ongunxantathu) futhi kuncane okwaziwayo ngemiphumela yazo empilweni. Okufanelekile? Phuza amanzi asebhodleleni engilazini. Imindeni efuna ukuqhubeka nokuphuza amanzi kampompi ingatshala emshinini ohlanza amanzi asendlini ukuze ukhiphe amakhemikhali awo. Kodwa-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungayiniki izingane noma abesifazane abakhulelwe. (bona ubufakazi)
Kodwa lezi zixazululo ziyamcasula isazi semvelo uFrançois Veillerette: “Akuyona into evamile ukungakwazi ukuphuza amanzi ompompi. Kudingekile yenqaba ukuthola izibulala-zinambuzane emanzini. Sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela esimisweni sokuqapha mayelana nenani labantu elibuthaka futhi sinqobe impi yekhwalithi yamanzi. Yizingane zethu ezizokhokhela imiphumela yalokhu kungcoliswa kwamanzi eminyakeni ezayo. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezakhamuzi ezikhathazekile kanye nabezindaba, ulwazi olwengeziwe luyasakazwa ngomthelela wezibulala-zinambuzane ezinkingeni zempilo yemvelo. Kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izinto zishintshe?
* Ucwaningo lwe-PÉLAGIE (Iziphazamisi Ze-Endocrine: Ucwaningo Lwesikhathi Eside mayelana Nokukhathazeka Kokukhulelwa, Ukungazali kanye Nezingane) Inserm, University of Rennes.