La i-phlebitis isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi esihambisana nokwakheka kwe-a ihluli emthanjeni. Lelihlule livimba ngokuphelele noma kancane ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni, njengepulaki.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lomthambo othintekile (ujule noma ongaphezulu), i-phlebitis ibucayi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ihlule lakheka ku-a umthambo ojulile, izinga elikhulu, ukwelashwa kufanele kunikezwe kukho konke ukuphuthuma.

Ezimweni eziningi, i-phlebitis yakha emthanjeni emilenzeni, kodwa ingavela kunoma yimuphi umthambo (izingalo, isisu, njll.).

I-Phlebitis ivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuphelelwa amandla isikhathi eside, isibonelo, ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ngenxa yokuphonswa.

Indlela yokubona i-phlebitis?

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-phlebitis, enemiphumela ehluke kakhulu kanye nokwelashwa.

I-phlebitis ephezulu

Kulokhu, ihlule legazi lakheka ku-a umthambo ongaphezulu. Kuyindlela evame kakhulu, ethinta kakhulu abantu abane imithambo ye-varicose. Kuhambisana nokuvuvukala komthambo futhi kubangela ubuhlungu nokungahambi kahle. Nakuba i-phlebitis ekha phezulu ingase ibonakale ingenabungozi, kufanele ithathwe njengefulegi elibomvu. Ngempela, ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lokungaphumeleli kwe-venous okuthuthukisiwe okungaholela ku-phlebitis ejulile.

I-phlebitis ejulile

Lapho ihlule legazi lakheka ku-a umthambo ojulile okuhamba kwegazi okubalulekile, isimo siyingozi kakhulu njengoba ihlule lingase lisuke odongeni lomthambo. Ithwalwa ukugeleza kwegazi, ingadlula enhliziyweni, bese ivimbela umthambo wamaphaphu noma elinye lamagatsha awo. Lokhu bese kuholela embolism yamaphaphu, ingozi engase ibulale. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwehlule lwakha emthanjeni osetholeni.

Bona ngokuningiliziwe izimpawu ze-phlebitis 

Obani abathintekayo nge-phlebitis?

I-phlebitis ejulile ithinta ngaphezu komuntu oyedwa ku-1 unyaka ngamunye. E-Quebec, cishe kunamacala ayi-1 ngonyaka⁶. Ngenhlanhla, amasu okuvimbela asebenzayo anganciphisa imvamisa ye-pulmonary embolism nokufa okuhambisana ne-phlebitis ejulile.

Abantu abasengozini

• abantu abahlushwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-venous noma abanemithambo ye-varicose;
• Abantu abaye bahlushwa i-phlebitis esikhathini esidlule, noma ilungu labo lomndeni elike lahlushwa i-phlebitis noma i-pulmonary embolism. Ngemuva kwe-phlebitis yokuqala, ingozi yokuphindaphinda iphindwe ngo-2,5;
• Abantu abahlinzwa kakhulu ngakho-ke badinga ukulala embhedeni izinsuku ezimbalwa (isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa okhalweni) kanye nalabo okufanele bagqoke ukhonkolo;
• Abantu abalaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukuhluleka kokuphefumula;
• Abantu abanenhliziyo eshaya inhliziyo (abenzi benhliziyo) kanye nalabo abafakwe ipayipi emthanjeni ukuze belaphe esinye isifo. Khona-ke ingozi inkulu ukuthi i-phlebitis ibonakala engalweni;
• Abantu abanomdlavuza (ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zibangela ukujiya kwegazi, ikakhulukazi esifubeni, esiswini kanye nasethangeni). Ngakho, kulinganiselwa ukuthi umdlavuza wandisa ingozi ye-phlebitis ngo-4 kuya ku-6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali zandisa ingozi yehlule;
• Abantu abakhubazekile imilenze noma izingalo;
• Abantu abanesifo sokuqina kwegazi (i-thrombophilia) noma isifo sokuvuvukala (i-ulcerative colitis, i-lupus, isifo sika-Behçet, njll.);
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kokukhulelwa futhi ngemva nje kokubeletha, babona ingozi yabo ye-phlebitis iphindwe ngo-5 kuya ku-10;
• Abantu abahlushwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile;
• Ingozi ye-phlebitis ikhula kakhulu ngokukhula. Iphindwe ngama-30, isuka eminyakeni engama-30 iye kwengama-80.

Izici zengozi

• Hlala ku- isikhundla esinganyakazi amahora amaningana: ukusebenza umile isikhathi eside, ukuthatha uhambo olude ngemoto noma ngendiza, njll. Uhambo olude kunamahora ayi-12 ikakhulukazi lwandisa ubungozi. Endizeni, umfutho we-oxygen ophansi kancane nokoma komoya kubonakala kwandisa ingozi. Siyakhuluma futhi" ikilasi lesifo somnotho “. Nokho, ingozi ihlala incane: 1 ku-1 million2.
• Kwabesifazane, ukuthathai-hormone therapy ukushintshwa ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini noma izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo kuyingozi ngoba le mithi inyusa ukujiya kwegazi. Ukuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo kwandisa ingozi ye-phlebitis ngo-2 kuya ku-6
• Ukubhema.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-phlebitis?

Nakuba singazi njalo izimbangela, i i-phlebitis ngokuvamile ixhunywe nezici ezi-3 ezinkulu:

• Igazi elinyakazayo emithanjeni, esikhundleni sokuzungeza uketshezi (sikhuluma nge-venous stasis). Lesi simo sijwayelekileukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi futhi imithambo ye-varicose, kodwa futhi kungaba ngenxa immobilization isikhathi eside (upulasi, ukuphumula kombhede, njll.);
• A ukulimala odongeni lomthambo, obangelwa ukugqoka i-catheter, ngokulimala, njll.;
• Igazi elijiya kalula (eminye imidlavuza nokungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo, isibonelo, kwenza igazi libonakale). Ukuhlukumezeka, ukuhlinzwa, ukukhulelwa nakho kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi andise ingozi yehlule.

Cishe isigamu sabantu abanaso, i-phlebitis iyenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuyichaza. Noma kunjalo, kuye kwatholakala izici eziyingozi. Bona Abantu abasengozini kanye nezici zobungozi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona?

Ingozi enkulu ye- i-phlebitis ejulile ukwenzeka kwe-a i-pulmonary embolism. Le ngozi yenzeka lapho ihlule legazi elakheke emlenzeni liphuka, “lihamba” liye emaphashini futhi livale umthambo wamaphaphu noma elinye lamagatsha awo. Ngakho-ke, amacala angaphezu kuka-70% we-pulmonary embolism abangelwa ihlule legazi ekuqaleni elakhiwe emithanjeni emilenzeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuthinteka umthambo ojulile, izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-venous zingase zenzeke, isibonelo ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwemilenze (i-edema), imithambo ye-varicose kanye nezilonda emilenzeni. Lezi zimpawu ziwumphumela wokulimala kwamavalvu yihlule legazi. Amavalvu awuhlobo “lwevalvu” oluvimbela igazi ukuthi lingagelezi libuyele emithanjeni futhi lenze kube lula ukuhamba kwalo liye enhliziyweni (bheka umdwebo ekuqaleni kweshidi). Ngokwezokwelapha, ithi a i-postphlebitic syndrome. Njengoba i-phlebitis ngokuvamile ithinta umlenze owodwa kuphela, lesi sifo ngokuvamile sihlangothi olulodwa.

Mayelana nalokho i-phlebitis engapheli, sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwa njengento engenangozi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluthile lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi i-phlebitis ekha phezulu ngokuvamile "ifihla" i-phlebitis ejulile engase ingabonakali. Ngo-2010, ucwaningo lwesiFulentshi olwenziwa ezigulini ezingaba ngu-900 lwaze lwabonisa ukuthi ama-25% e-venous thromboses ahambisana ne-phlebitis ejulile noma i-pulmonary embolism.⁵.