Okuqukethwe
I-pheasant iyinyoni ye-oda i-Galliformes, inyama yayo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-gourmets. Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, futhi iyinqolobane yangempela yamavithamini namaminerali.
I-pheasant inyoni enkulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bungaba amamitha angu-0,8. Isisindo se-pheasant esikhulu sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amabili.
Izici ezijwayelekile
Indawo yokuhlala amapheasant amahlathi anezihlahla eziminyene. Okudingekayo wukuba khona kwezihlahla lapho inyoni izizwa iphephile futhi ikhululekile. Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-pheasants azama ukuhlala eduze namachibi noma imifula ukuze athole amanzi.
Naphezu kobukhulu obuqinile, lezi zinyoni zinamahloni kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuphawulekayo, njengoba beqaphele uhlobo oluthile lwengozi, bazama ukucasha otshanini nasezihlahleni. Amapheasant awavamile ukundiza phezulu ezihlahleni.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zinyoni okusanhlamvu, imbewu, amajikijolo, kanye namahlumela nezithelo zezitshalo. Futhi ekudleni kwama-pheasants kunezinambuzane nama-mollusk amancane.
Endle, ama-pheasants ane-monogamous futhi akhetha kanye impilo yonke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-pheasants wesilisa awawona nje amakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, kodwa futhi anemibala ekhanyayo kakhulu. Ikhanda nentamo yazo kuluhlaza osagolide, inombala onsomi obumnyama kuya komnyama. Ngemuva, izimpaphe zigqamile kakhulu, ziwolintshi ovuthayo, zinomngcele omnyama omangalisayo, futhi i-rump ibomvu-ithusi, inombala onsomi. Umsila mude kakhulu, uqukethe izimpaphe eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ngokuphuzi ngokuphuzi, "nomngcele" wethusi onombala onsomi. Amaduna anezidladla ezidladleni zawo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nabameleli "bobulili obunamandla", ama-pheasants wesifazane anokubonakala okuphaphathekile. Zinezimpaphe ezibuthuntu ezihluka ngombala ukusuka kokunsundu kuye kompunga. Okuwukuphela “komhlobiso” amachashaza ansundu ansundu namadeshi.
Izidleke ze-Pheasant zakhiwe phansi. Ama-clutch azo avame ukuba makhulu - kusuka kumaqanda ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwamashumi amabili ansundu. Bafukanyelwa abesifazane kuphela, “obaba abajabulayo” ababambi iqhaza kule nqubo noma ekukhuliseni amatshwele.
Imininingwane yomlando
Igama lesiLatini lale nyoni i-Phasianus colchicus. Kukholakala ukuthi ikhombisa ngokusobala lapho itholwe khona okokuqala.
Ngakho, njengoba inganekwane ithi, iqhawe lesiGreki uJason, umholi we-Argonauts, waba "iphayona" lama-pheasants. E-Colchis, lapho eya khona eyofuna uboya benkosazane, uJason wabona izinyoni ezinhle ngendlela emangalisayo osebeni loMfula i-Phasis, izimpaphe zazo ezazicwebezela ngayo yonke imibala yothingo ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga. Yebo, ama-Argonauts ajahe ukubeka izingibe kubo. Inyama yezinyoni ethoswe emlilweni yaphenduka enamanzi kakhulu futhi ithenda.
U-Jason kanye nama-Argonauts balethe amapheasant eGreece njengendebe. Izinyoni zakwamanye amazwe zathola ukuduma ngokushesha. Baqala ukuzifuya “njengemihlobiso ephilayo” yezingadi zezicukuthwane. Inyama ye-Pheasant yayibhakwa futhi inikezwe izivakashi emadilini aphambili.
Amapheasant ayengasheshi kakhulu. Bajwayela ukuthunjwa ngokushesha, baphindaphindeka ngenkuthalo, kepha inyama yabo yayisalokhu iyibiliboco.
Kufanele futhi kukhulunywe ngesimo sengqondo mayelana nama-pheasants "ezweni labo lomlando" - eGeorgia. Lapho, le nyoni ibhekwa njengophawu lweTbilisi. Uvezwa ngisho ejazini lezikhali lenhloko-dolobha yezwe. Inganekwane ethakazelisayo isitshela ukuthi kungani i-pheasant yanikezwa udumo olunjalo.
Ngakho, ngokusho kwenganekwane, inkosi yaseGeorgia Vakhtang I Gorgasal ayizange ifune imiphefumulo ku-falconry futhi yanikela ngaso sonke isikhathi sayo samahhala kulo msebenzi. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi ezingela, inkosi yagijima ijaha i-pheasant elimele - enkulu kakhulu futhi enhle. Kwaphela isikhathi eside engakwazi ukudlula inyoni ebalekayo. Inkosi yabamba inyosi budebuduze nemithombo eshisayo, eyayiqhuma phansi. Ifile, ibuthakathaka ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi, i-pheasant yaphuza emthonjeni, okwathi ngemva kwalokho yaphila futhi yagijima. Ikhumbula lesi senzakalo, inkosi yayala ukuthi idolobha laseTbilisi lisungulwe eduze neziphethu ezishisayo eziphulukisayo.
Ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo ezigqamile kanye nokunambitheka kwayo, i-pheasant sekuyisikhathi eside iyisihloko esithandwayo sokuzingela kokubili izikhulu zaseYurophu kanye nezicukuthwane zasempumalanga. Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, iNgilandi yaqala ukuzalanisa ngamabomu ama-pheasants ekuthunjweni, bese ibakhulula ezindaweni zokuzingela lapho inamasonto ayisithupha. Kakade ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, njengoba umlando ufakaza, izinyoni ezifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyisishiyagalombili ngonyaka zazikhuliswa ngale njongo endaweni yaseFoggy Albion.
Kuze kube manje, indawo yokuhlala ye-pheasant endle yiChina, i-Asia Minor ne-Asia Ephakathi, iCaucasus, kanye nezifunda zaseCentral Europe. Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlangana nale nyoni eJapane naseMelika.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezifundazweni eziningi kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukudubula ama-pheasant ngenxa yokuthi inani labantu liye lehla kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo zabazingeli. Ukwandisa imfuyo, kwakhiwa amapulazi akhethekile - ama-pheasants. Iningi labo lise-UK. Izinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-XNUMX zikhuliswa lapha minyaka yonke.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inyama ye-pheasant ibhekwa njengento emnandi futhi ibiza kakhulu, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, ama-gourmets wangempela awabheki isithiyo.
izinhlobo
Sekukonke, cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu ze-pheasant ezivamile zitholakala endle. Abameleli bazo bayehluka komunye nomunye ngendawo yabo yokuhlala, ubukhulu, nombala wezimpaphe. Ekuthunjweni, i-golden, isiHungary kanye ne-pheasant yokuzingela ivame ukuzalaniswa, inyama yayo esezingeni eliphezulu futhi yaziswa kakhulu yi-gourmets.
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-pheasants afinyelela ekuvuthweni kwe-Culinary eneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisindo sabo sifinyelela kilogram eyodwa nengxenye. Inyama ye-pheasants encane inamanzi amaningi futhi ibhekwa njengokudla.
Ukuzingela izinyoni ezindaweni ezikhethekile kuvunyelwe kuphela kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebruwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-pheasants awahlali ezidlekeni futhi awakhulisi amatshwele. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amapulazi e-pheasant athengisa inyama entsha efakwe efrijini noma eqandisiwe unyaka wonke. Njengomthetho, ihlukaniswa njengesigaba I, kuyilapho ikhwalithi yenyama ye-pheasant yasendle ihluka - ingaba isigaba I noma II.
Ikhalori kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Inyama ye-Pheasant ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Inani layo lamandla lincane futhi lifinyelela ku-253,9 kcal nge-100 g. Ukwakheka kwezakhamzimba kanje: 18 g wamaprotheni, 20 g wamafutha kanye no-0,5 g wama-carbohydrate.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, inyama ye-pheasant iyinqolobane yangempela yamavithamini, kanye nama-micro and macro elements.
Inyama ye-Pheasant yaziswa ngokuyinhloko njengomthombo obalulekile wamavithamini B. Akunakwenzeka ukweqisa indima yabo empilweni yomzimba. Ngamavithamini aleli qembu asekela i-metabolism yamandla, enze umsebenzi wesistimu wokugaya ukudla ajwayelekile, futhi asize ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ezingeni elamukelekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusho kwezazi zokudla okunomsoco, amavithamini B "asebenza" ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu uma engena emzimbeni ngokuhlukana, kodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Yingakho inyama ye-pheasant ibaluleke kakhulu izazi zokudla okunomsoco - iqukethe cishe wonke amavithamini aleli qembu.
Ngakho-ke, i-vitamin B1 (0,1 mg) iyi-antioxidant ephumelelayo, ithuthukisa izinqubo zokuqonda kanye nenkumbulo, futhi yenza isifiso sokudla sijwayelekile. I-Vitamin B2 (0,2 mg) ikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwe-iron, ngaleyo ndlela ibe nomthelela ekujwayelekeni kwesibalo segazi, ilawula ukusebenza kwendlala yegilo, futhi isiza ukugcina isikhumba nezinwele ezinempilo. I-Vitamin B3 (6,5 mg) isiza ukwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol “embi”, ibamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni i-hemoglobin, ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwamaprotheni angena emzimbeni ngokudla. I-Choline, eyaziwa nangokuthi uvithamini B4 (70 mg), ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwesibindi - ikakhulukazi, isiza izicubu zalesi sitho ukuba zilulame ngemva kokuthatha ama-antibiotics noma utshwala, kanye nangemva kokugula okudlule. Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ze-hepatoprotective, i-choline iphinde yehlise izinga le-cholesterol "embi" futhi ijwayele ukugaya kwamafutha. I-Vitamin B5 (0,5 mg) ivuselela izindlala ze-adrenal futhi isiza umzimba ukumunca amanye amavithamini ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwandisa ukumelana komzimba. I-Vitamin B6 (0,4 mg) iyadingeka ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukumunca kahle amaprotheni namafutha. I-Vitamin B7, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vitamin H (3 mcg), isiza ukugcina isimo sesikhumba nezinwele, igcina i-microflora yamathumbu esimweni esinempilo. I-Vitamin B9 (8 mcg) isiza ukuzinzisa isizinda semizwa, isekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi ibamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni ama-enzyme nama-amino acid. Ekugcineni, i-vitamin B12 (2 mcg) iyadingeka ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anemia.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali enyama ye-pheasant nakho kuqukethe i-vitamin A (40 mcg) - i-antioxidant enamandla esiza "ukuhlakaza" umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba.
Umkhiqizo ubuye waziswa ngokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwama-macro- kanye nama-microelements. Okokuqala, kufanele sikhulume ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium (250 mg), isulfure (230 mg), i-phosphorus (200 mg), ithusi (180 mg) ne-sodium (100 mg) enyameni ye-pheasant. I-Potassium iyadingeka ukuze kujwayelekile izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ithuthukise ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo emangqamuzaneni obuchopho, isiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngokujamisa ibhalansi yamanzi emzimbeni. Isibabule sibamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni kwe-collagen, okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe isikhumba nezinwele esimweni esivamile, sinezakhiwo ze-antihistamine, futhi sijwayele inqubo yokuqiniswa kwegazi. I-Phosphorus inesibopho esimweni sezicubu zamathambo namazinyo, kanye namakhono okuqonda. Ukuntuleka kwethusi kungabangela ukuqunjelwa, ukucindezeleka nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, kanye ne-anemia. I-sodium ibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni ijusi yesisu, inomphumela we-vasodilating.
Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuqukethwe emkhiqizweni kukhona i-chlorine (60 mg), i-magnesium (20 mg) ne-calcium (15 mg). I-chlorine inesibopho sokulawula ukugaya, ivimbela ukuwohloka kwamafutha esibindi. I-Magnesium inesibopho sokusebenza kwemisipha, futhi futhi, "ku-duet" ene-calcium, esimweni samathambo namazinyo.
Phakathi kwamanye amaminerali akhona ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali enyama ye-pheasant, ithini (75 μg), i-fluorine (63 μg), i-molybdenum (12 μg) ne-nickel (10 μg) kufanele ihlukaniswe. Ukuntuleka kwethayela kubangela ukuqothuka kwezinwele nokungezwa. I-Fluorine isiza ukukhulisa ukumelana nomzimba, iqinise izicubu zezinzipho, amathambo namazinyo, isiza ekukhipheni izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa nezinsimbi ezisindayo. I-Molybdenum ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anemia ngokwandisa izinga le-hemoglobin, futhi ikhuthaza nokuphuma kwe-uric acid emzimbeni. I-Nickel ijwayele ukusebenza kwe-pituitary gland nezinso, yehlisa umfutho wegazi.
Izakhiwo Eziwusizo
Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali okuyingqayizivele, inyama ye-pheasant inezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo eziwusizo.
Inyama yale nyoni iwumthombo wamaprotheni abalulekile, athathwa kalula ngumzimba.
Lo mkhiqizo uthathwa njengowokudla ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwamafutha aphansi kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-cholesterol. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa abalandeli bendlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nabantu abadala.
Ukwakheka okulingana ngokuphelele kwamavithamini B kunikeza inyama ye-pheasant amandla okukhulisa ukumelana nomzimba futhi kuyenze ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Okuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate ephansi kakhulu kwenza inyama ye-pheasant ibe umkhiqizo onconyelwe abantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye ne-atherosclerosis.
Inyama ye-Pheasant ingenye yemikhiqizo engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-anemia, njengoba isiza ukujwayela ukwakheka kwegazi.
Ukusetshenziswa Culinary nokunambitha
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inyama ye-pheasant inombala omnyama uma iqhathaniswa nenkukhu, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kwamafutha kuyi-oda lobukhulu obuphansi, ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukupheka akubi kuqinile noma okunezintambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayidingi ukuthuthwa kwangaphambi kolwandle, ihluke ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, i-juiciness nephunga elimnandi.
Ngokombono wokudla, isifuba sezinkukhu singabhekwa njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesidumbu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ilungiswa, njengomthetho, ngejusi yayo, isebenzisa ishidi lokubhaka elijulile. Izingcezu zamathambo zingavame ukuba khona esitsheni esiqediwe, ngoba amathambo e-tubular we-pheasant mancane futhi antekenteke kunalawo enkukhu, futhi avame ukudilika ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa.
Ngokwesiko, inyama yale nyoni iyingxenye yokudla kwabantu eCaucasus, kanye naseCentral nase-Asia Minor kanye namazwe amaningana aseYurophu.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-pheasants abebhekwa njengendlela yokwelapha ehloselwe imicimbi ekhethekile futhi kuphela izivakashi ezivelele kakhulu. Izidumbu ezifakwe i-hazel grouse, izigwaca nezinsuku zazidliwa ngesikhathi semikhosi eRoma lasendulo. Abapheki be-Tsarist eRussia bathola i-hang yokuwosa izidumbu ze-pheasant, zigcina izimpaphe. Ukulungiswa kwesidlo esinjalo kwakudinga ikhono elimangalisayo ngempela kumpheki, ngoba kwakudingeka ngandlela-thile uqiniseke ukuthi inyoni engazange ikhishwe yayithosiwe ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe ezinhle ze-pheasant kwakungafanele zonakaliswe umlilo.
EMpumalanga Ephakathi, izindlela zokulungiselela inyama ye-pheasant zazingeqisi kangako. I-fillet yayivele ifakwe ku-pilaf noma yengezwe ku-couscous, ngaphambili eyayithosiwe nge-curry noma i-saffron ukuze wenze ukunambitheka kwayo kube mnandi kakhulu.
EYurophu, umhluzi owenziwe ngenyama ye-pheasant usetshenziswa njengesisekelo se-aspic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni ivame ukubhakwa, isitshulu ngamakhowe, i-bell pepper, amajikijolo amuncu namakhambi amnandi. Futhi, ngenyama ye-pheasant, ekhishwe emilenzeni, isifuba namaphiko, ama-omelettes alungiswa.
Abapheki bafaka izidumbu ze-pheasant ngamantongomane nama-chestnuts, ama-champignon afakwe emanzini anosawoti noma athosiwe, neqanda eliqotshiwe elinezimpaphe zika-anyanisi oluhlaza. Futhi, ama-pheasants "ngendlela yakudala" yoswa ngamathe. Amazambane, irayisi noma izitsha zemifino zikhonzwa njengesitsha esiseceleni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pheasant izibonakalise njengesithako sokulungiselela ama-appetizers abandayo, ama-pates namasaladi emifino ngokugqoka kusuka ku-sauce obucayi noma amafutha omnqumo.
Ezindaweni zokudlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, iwayini elibizayo linikezwa izingcezu ze-fillet e-sauce noma izingcezu zenyama eyosiwe.
Indlela yokukhetha umkhiqizo
Ukuze ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo othengiwe ingakuphoxi, kufanele usondele ekukhetheni kwawo ngokuzibophezela.
Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi phambi kwakho kukhona isidumbu se-pheasant, hhayi enye inyoni. I-pheasant inesikhumba esimhlophe, njengenkukhu, kodwa inyama ibomvu ngokumnyama uma iluhlaza, ngokungafani nenkukhu enombala obomvana. Umehluko ubonakala ikakhulukazi esibonelweni semilenze namabele.
Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola inyama ukuthi ihlanzekile yini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cindezela kancane kuso ngomunwe wakho. Uma ngemva kwalokho ibuyisela isakhiwo sayo, khona-ke umkhiqizo ungathengwa.
Ukupheka inyama ye-pheasant ethosiwe ngesinqumelo
Ukuze ulungise lesi sidlo, uzodinga izithako ezilandelayo: isidumbu esisodwa se-pheasant, i-100 g ye-bacon, i-100 k yebhotela, usawoti kanye nezinongo ukunambitha.
Geza kahle isidumbu esihlutshiwe nesishiyile ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Gcoba imilenze nebele ngobhekeni bese ufafaza ngosawoti.
Faka izingcezu zikabhekeni ngaphakathi kwesidumbu. Beka i-pheasant giblets kanye nocezu oluncane lwebhotela lapho.
Beka izingcezu zikabhekeni phezu kwesidumbu.
Fry isidumbu esilungiselelwe ngale ndlela epanini ebhotela elincibilikile ngaphambili. Engeza amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Fry kuze kube nsundu yegolide. Amazambane abilisiwe noma athosiwe, isaladi yemifino noma irayisi ingasebenza njengesitsha esiseceleni.
Ukupheka inyama ye-pheasant kuhhavini
Ukuze ulungise lesi sidlo, sidinga izithako ezilandelayo: imilenze ye-pheasant nesifuba, izipuni ezingu-3-4 ze-soy sauce, inani elifanayo lemayonnaise, u-anyanisi oyedwa, usawoti, upelepele omnyama, iqabunga le-bay, i-ginger noshukela ukunambitha.
Lungiselela ingxube ye-soy sauce, imayonnaise, usawoti, izinongo noshukela. Gcoba inyama ngale ngxube.
Beka izingcezu zenyama ku-foil yokudla (ubude besiqephu kufanele bube ngamasentimitha angu-30-40). Fafaza u-anyanisi oqoshiwe bese ugoqa nge-foil ukuze uvale inyama. Sicela uqaphele: akukho umusi noma uketshezi okufanele kuphume enyameni egoqwe nge-foil.
Beka inyanda kuhhavini osuke usushisa kakade eshidini lokubhaka. Bhaka imizuzu engama-60-90.
I-pheasant enesivini isilungile
Ukuze ulungise lesi sidlo, uzodinga izithako ezilandelayo: isidumbu esisodwa se-pheasant, ama-apula amabili aluhlaza, ama-200 g wamagilebhisi, isipuni samafutha yemifino, inani elifanayo lebhotela, i-150 ml yewayini elibomvu elomile (100 ml). izosetshenziselwa ukubhaka, kanye no-50 ml ukupheka amagilebhisi nama-apula), isipuni sikashukela, usawoti kanye nopelepele omnyama ukunambitha.
Hlanza futhi womise isidumbu usebenzisa ithawula lephepha. Ncibilikisa ibhotela, engeza upelepele nosawoti kuwo bese ugcoba ingaphakathi lesidumbu ngengxube ewumphumela. Gcoba phezulu kwenyama ngenhlanganisela kasawoti kanye nopelepele omnyama.
Fry inyama epanini ezinhlangothini zombili kuze kube yilapho kuvela i-golden crust. Ngemuva kwalokhu, faka i-pheasant epanini elijulile lokuthosa, uthele iwayini elifanayo bese ulithumela kuhhavini, ushiswe kuma-degree angu-200.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, uthele i-pheasant ngomhluzi owakha lapho inyama ibhakwa, bese uphendulela isidumbu.
Ngenkathi inyama ibhaka, nquma ama-apula. Beka izingcezu esitsheni esincane, engeza amagilebhisi kanye no-50 ml wewayini, kanye noshukela. Hlanganisa bese wengeza ingxube yezithelo enyameni.
Cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuphela kwenqubo yokupheka, susa i-pheasant kuhhavini bese uvala nge-foil. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi uketshezi lunesikhathi sokuhwamuka ngalesi sikhathi, engeza amanzi amancane esitsheni.