Ama-phalanges ngamathambo amancane amade ahlangana enze iminwe nezinzwane, ngakho-ke akha amathambo. Lawa mathambo amancane ayizigaxa ayizinamba ezintathu kulokho okubizwa ngeminwe emide, namabili ngesithupha nasesinzwaneni esikhulu. Ngokomqondo, leli gama livela esiGrekini "phalagx » okusho ukuthiisiqeshana sokhuni esiyindilinga, induku". I-phalanx yokuqala yomunwe ihlala icacisa nge-metacarpal yesandla noma i-metatarsal yonyawo. Ngokuqondene namanye ama-phalanges, acacisiwe phakathi kwawo. I-phalanx yingxenye yethambo evezwe namanye ama-phalanges ezingeni lamajoyini we-interphalangeal: yiwo lawo anikeza iminwe ukuhamba nokuqina okuthile. I-pathologies ejwayelekile kakhulu yama-phalanges aqhekekile, ukwelashwa kwawo kuvame ukuba ngamathambo, ngokwesibonelo nge-splint, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi lapho kunezelwa izilonda zemithambo noma imisipha.

I-phalanx iyingxenye yethambo echazwe kahle: yakha amathambo omunwe noma ozwane, futhi kufakwa imisipha ehlukene kulezi zingxenye zamathambo. Kubekwe zibheke phezulu, emunweni ngamunye, ngaphezu komunye nomunye, ama-phalanges ahlukaniswa abe ngowokuqala noma we-metacarpals, imizuzwana noma phakathi, nowesithathu noma ongafani.

Ngakho-ke ama-phalanges akha amathambo e-distal kakhulu esandla, noma onyawo. Iminwe emide ngayinye inama-phalanges amathathu ngomunwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi isithupha, esibizwa nangokuthi i-pollux, noma uzwane olukhulu, olubizwa nangokuthi i-hallux, lunemibili kuphela. I-distal phalanx iyona ethwala isipikili, i-proximal phalanx yilokho okuyimpande yomunwe. Sekukonke, kunama-phalanges ayishumi nane esandleni ngasinye, futhi amaningi ngonyawo ngalunye, enza ingqikithi yamaphalanges angamashumi amahlanu nesithupha.

Amalunga axhumanisa ama-phalanges komunye nomunye abizwa ngokuthi ama-interphalangeal joints. I-phalanx eseduze kakhulu ne-metacarpus ibizwa nangokuthi i-proximal phalanx, i-phalanx ephakathi ibizwa nge-phalangina, ne-phalanx esekugcineni komunwe, ebizwa nangokuthi i-distal phalanx, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi i-phalangette.

Umsebenzi wama-phalanges ukunikeza iminwe amandla abo, ukuhamba kwawo kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sitho esiyingqayizivele esisesandleni. Ngalokhu, imikhawulo yama-phalanges ihlanganiswe ezingeni lokukhulumisana namanye amathambo, lapho amaphuzu e-anchor emigqa ye-phalangeal etholakala khona. Eqinisweni, ama-phalanges asondelene nayo yonke iminwe acacisa ngamathambo e-metacarpal kanye nama-phalanges aphakathi akhuluma kahle nama-distal phalanges. Futhi lawa ma-phalanges acacisa, ngokunembile, namanye ama-phalanges, ezingeni lamajoyini e-interphalangeal.

Ukulimala kweminwe, ezingeni lama-phalanges, kungaba yimvelaphi ehlukumezayo, kepha futhi ne-rheumatological, neurological noma i-congenital. Kodwa eqinisweni, izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-phalanges ziba yizicucu. "Ukwehlukana kwezandla kungaba nzima ukukhubazeka uma kushiywe kungalashwa, ukuqina ngokuphathwa ngokweqile, futhi kokubili ukukhubazeka nokuqina ngokungaphatheki kahle.“, Wexwayisa usosayensi waseMelika ogama lakhe linguSwanson.

Ukuqhekeka kwamaphasi kanye nama-phalanges ngakho-ke kungukuhlukumezeka okuvame kakhulu ekugcineni, kanti ama-70% awo enzeka phakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-11 nengama-45. Ukuqhekeka kwama-phalanges kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka ngokuwa, noma ngokuchobozwa. Ngokuvamile, kwenzeka ngemuva kokushaqeka okuncane noma ngaphandle kokuhlukumezeka ethanjeni le-pathological (elibuthakathaka isimila sethambo). Okuvame kakhulu kulezi zicubu i-chondroma, okuyisigaxa esibi esenza buthakathaka ithambo eminyakeni edlule.

Ekuqaleni kwamashumi amabili^e kwekhulu leminyaka, lezi zaphuka ze-phalanx zonke zaphulukiswa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, futhi eziningi zazo ziyaqhubeka nokuphathwa ngempumelelo namuhla ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa okuhle kakhulu kuncike ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi kokunye indawo yokuqhekeka (i-articular noma i-extra-articular), i-geometry yayo (enqamulelayo, evundayo noma e-oblique, echotshoziwe) noma i-deformation.

Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kwalezi ziqhekeko kungamathambo, kusetshenziswa ukugoba. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlinzwa kuzodingeka kusetshenziswe, ikakhulukazi uma kunezilonda ezihambisana nezinzwa noma imisipha. Ukukhubazeka kufanele kudlule phakathi kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, kungasenzelwa ukugwema ukuvela kokuqina okuhlangene.

Ukuhlukumezeka kokuqala kuvame ukusikisela ukwephuka, futhi isiguli esinomunwe ophukile asikwazi ukukuhambisa.

• Izimpawu zomtholampilo: emtholampilo, funa ubukhona bokuvuvukala, ukukhubazeka, i-hematoma, ukusilela kokusebenza futhi ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu bokubamba kwethambo. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuzosiza futhi ukucacisa ukuthi iziphi izithombe ze-radiographic ezizothathwa;
• I-Radiology: ama-x-ray alula kakhulu anele ukusungula ukutholakala kokuphuka kwephalange eyodwa noma amaningi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyodingeka, kwezinye izimo ezithile, ukucela i-CT noma i-MRI ukuthi yenziwe ukuze kucaciswe ukuvela kokuqhekeka. Lezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe zizokwenza futhi ukuthi kuqedelwe ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokungenelela okungenzeka.

UCount Jean-François de La Pérouse ungumhloli wamazwe waseFrance weXVIII^e ikhulu leminyaka. Wabika komunye wemisebenzi yakhe echaza ngemikhankaso yakhe emhlabeni jikelele (i-Voyage, Tome III, ikhasi 214) umbono omangazayo: “Isiko lokusika ama-phalanges womunwe omncane lisabalele phakathi kwalaba bantu njengoba kunjalo naseCocos naseTraitor Islands, futhi lolu phawu losizi lokulahlekelwa yisihlobo noma umngane cishe alwaziwa eziqhingini ze-Browsers“, Uyabhala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye i-anecdote ephathelene nama-phalanges iphathelene ne-astronaut enkulu: ngakho-ke, ngo-1979, ngenkathi uNeil Armstrong esebenza epulazini lakhe, wadabula i-phalanx, lapho umfelandawonye wakhe ubhajwe ohlangothini lwenqola kagandaganda wakhe, njengoba agxume aye phansi. Ngokuthula, ubuyisa ichopho lomunwe wakhe wendandatho, awufake eqhweni, bese eya esibhedlela. Odokotela abahlinzayo bazokwazi ukumthunga.

Ekugcineni, omunye usonkanyezi waseMelika naye wabhekana nendaba emangazayo: nguDonald Slayton. Lapho eseneminyaka emihlanu kuphela, uDonald Kent Slayton, usomkhathi wakusasa womsebenzi we-Apollo-Soyuz, waquma ngokuqinile i-phalanx eyayisondele yomunwe wakhe wendandatho yangakwesobunxele ngenkathi efuna ukusiza ubaba wakhe kumshini wakhe wokugunda utshani owawudonswa amahhashi amabili. Ngenkathi, eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu kamuva, ngo-1942, ephasa izivivinyo zezokwelapha ngenhloso yokufaka ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza yamasosha, wesaba ukwehluleka ngenxa ye-phalanx yakhe elahlekile. Akunjalo. Odokotela abaphethe ukuyihlola sebehlolisise imithethonqubo ye-Air Force, bathola ngokumangala ukuthi umunwe wendandatho yesandla sobunxele uma umuntu enesandla sokudla (noma umunwe wendandatho yesandla sokudla uma 'sisele- isandla) ukuphela komunwe onqunyiwe ongabangi inkinga. Ngakho-ke i-Air Force yacabanga ukuthi, ngandlela thile, iwumunwe kuphela “ongenamsebenzi”! Ithuba likaDonal Slayton owathola amaphiko akhe okushayela umshayeli ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-1943, ngaphambi kokufunda eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-Ephreli 1953, ukuthi wayezoba yingxenye yeqembu labadlali abayisikhombisa bokuqala. Futhi, ukuthola irekhodi, yazi ukuthi uzofaka indandatho yakhe yomshado ... emunweni omncane.